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Religious Crises in Europe

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Jennifer Boyer-Switala
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Religious Crises in Europe “Ding dong the witch is dead…”
Spanish Inquisition 1478-1834 Targeted Jews, Moors (Spanish Muslims) & to some extent Protestants Religious & Political Purposes: Religious: to rid Spain of non-Catholics (heretics) Political: to gain land (increase state revenue without raising taxes)
Spanish Inquisition Synonymous with bloody, torturous reign of terror Responsible for countless executions Video: Spanish Inquisition
Militant Catholicism in Spain Phillip II (r. 1556-1598) Son of HRE Charles V Championed Catholic causes throughout Europe Waged Holy Wars The “Most Catholic King”
Spain & the Netherlands Spanish Netherlands (today’s Netherlands & Belgium) Phillip tried to: Tighten his control Crush Calvinism Dutch rebelled violently (1566-1609) Led by William the Silent (prince of Orange) Ended with truce that created the modern Dutch state
Spain vs. England England Under Elizabeth I Golden Age Moderate Protestant (some degree of tolerance for Catholics) Goal (foreign policy) - to maintain a balance of power Spain & France = biggest threats Would support whichever was weaker
Holy War Phillip II declared Holy War on Elizabeth I (1588) Why? Spain vs. England (political) Phillip II vs. Elizabeth I (personal) Catholicism vs. Protestantism (religious)
The Spanish Armada Spanish Armada set sail to invade England Most powerful Navy in the world English met them in the English Channel (their only hope to impede a land invasion) England & Elizabeth face likely disaster… Movie Clip from “Elizabeth: The Golden Age”
Defeat of the Spanish Armada Why did Spain lose? Superstitious answer: God liked Protestants more Realistic answers: Spanish not used to rough waters of the Channel England used fire ships to divide the Armada & burn many of its ships Weather favored English cause – storms ravaged the surviving Spanish ships near Scotland & Ireland
Witchcraft Trials Spanish Inquisition & hunt for heretics led to witch hunts 16th-17th C. - witch hysteria 100,000+ charged, tortured & killed
Witches Who was accused? Commoners (poor) Apx. 75% women Single or widowed Over 50
Witch Trials In Europe Handout
Thirty Years War ,[object Object]
Series of declared & undeclared wars
Austrian & Spanish Hapsburgs vs.

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Religious Crises in Europe

  • 1. Religious Crises in Europe “Ding dong the witch is dead…”
  • 2. Spanish Inquisition 1478-1834 Targeted Jews, Moors (Spanish Muslims) & to some extent Protestants Religious & Political Purposes: Religious: to rid Spain of non-Catholics (heretics) Political: to gain land (increase state revenue without raising taxes)
  • 3. Spanish Inquisition Synonymous with bloody, torturous reign of terror Responsible for countless executions Video: Spanish Inquisition
  • 4. Militant Catholicism in Spain Phillip II (r. 1556-1598) Son of HRE Charles V Championed Catholic causes throughout Europe Waged Holy Wars The “Most Catholic King”
  • 5. Spain & the Netherlands Spanish Netherlands (today’s Netherlands & Belgium) Phillip tried to: Tighten his control Crush Calvinism Dutch rebelled violently (1566-1609) Led by William the Silent (prince of Orange) Ended with truce that created the modern Dutch state
  • 6. Spain vs. England England Under Elizabeth I Golden Age Moderate Protestant (some degree of tolerance for Catholics) Goal (foreign policy) - to maintain a balance of power Spain & France = biggest threats Would support whichever was weaker
  • 7. Holy War Phillip II declared Holy War on Elizabeth I (1588) Why? Spain vs. England (political) Phillip II vs. Elizabeth I (personal) Catholicism vs. Protestantism (religious)
  • 8. The Spanish Armada Spanish Armada set sail to invade England Most powerful Navy in the world English met them in the English Channel (their only hope to impede a land invasion) England & Elizabeth face likely disaster… Movie Clip from “Elizabeth: The Golden Age”
  • 9. Defeat of the Spanish Armada Why did Spain lose? Superstitious answer: God liked Protestants more Realistic answers: Spanish not used to rough waters of the Channel England used fire ships to divide the Armada & burn many of its ships Weather favored English cause – storms ravaged the surviving Spanish ships near Scotland & Ireland
  • 10. Witchcraft Trials Spanish Inquisition & hunt for heretics led to witch hunts 16th-17th C. - witch hysteria 100,000+ charged, tortured & killed
  • 11. Witches Who was accused? Commoners (poor) Apx. 75% women Single or widowed Over 50
  • 12. Witch Trials In Europe Handout
  • 13.
  • 14. Series of declared & undeclared wars
  • 15. Austrian & Spanish Hapsburgs vs.
  • 17. Dutch
  • 20.
  • 21. Treaty of Westphalia Ended the Thirty Years War Significant because… IT ALSO ENDED THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE!