The document discusses the decolonization of Africa following World War II, focusing on the independence of Ghana and Kenya. It describes the non-violent and violent methods used to gain independence, including civil disobedience, strikes, boycotts, and in the case of Kenya, the Mau Mau uprising. It notes that Ghana gained independence in 1957 as the first sub-Saharan nation and discusses the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah. For Kenya, it outlines Jomo Kenyatta's role in leading protests and being imprisoned before becoming prime minister after independence was negotiated in 1963.

1. The Decolonization of
Africa
The Independence of Ghana
and Kenya

2. Post WWII
Decolonization
“The wind of change is
blowing through the
continent. Whether we like
it or not, this growth of
national consciousness is a
political fact.”
“The wind of change is
blowing through the
continent. Whether we like
it or not, this growth of
national consciousness is a
political fact.”
British Prime Minister, Harold
MacMillan in a speech to the South
African Parliament in 1960
Negotiated
Independence
Film Clip

4. Events/Methods:
“Freedom Now” from British rule
“Positive Action” movement
Pan-African Congress
Influenced by Gandhi – Non-violent
Strikes and boycotts
Civil disobedience
Events/Methods:
“Freedom Now” from British rule
“Positive Action” movement
Pan-African Congress
Influenced by Gandhi – Non-violent
Strikes and boycotts
Civil disobedience
Film
Kwame Nkrumah:
The Independence
of Ghana

5. Results:
 1957 – Independence granted – 1st
sub-Saharan nation to gain independence
 Nkrumah becomes 1st
Prime Minister
 Formation of Organization of African Unity in 1963 (OAU)
Results:
 1957 – Independence granted – 1st
sub-Saharan nation to gain independence
 Nkrumah becomes 1st
Prime Minister
 Formation of Organization of African Unity in 1963 (OAU)

6. “We face neither
east nor west:
We Face Forward.”
“We face neither
east nor west:
We Face Forward.”
Kwame NkrumahKwame Nkrumah

7. Major Problems:
 Nkrumah makes
himself “President
for life” in 1964
 Economic downturn
– general unrest
 Overthrown by
Military coup – led
to suspension of
constitution and
banning of political
parties
 1992 – new
constitution, multi-
party politics,
elections –
continued poverty
Major Problems:
 Nkrumah makes
himself “President
for life” in 1964
 Economic downturn
– general unrest
 Overthrown by
Military coup – led
to suspension of
constitution and
banning of political
parties
 1992 – new
constitution, multi-
party politics,
elections –
continued poverty

8. 1. Describe what you see in this photo?
2. What do you think the people in the photo want?
3. What do you think the people would be willing to do to get what they want?
1. Describe what you see in this photo?
2. What do you think the people in the photo want?
3. What do you think the people would be willing to do to get what they want?
Do Now:

9. Aim: How did Kenya gain its Independence?

10. From 1948 to 1951 he toured and lectured around the country condemning idleness,
robbery, urging hard work while campaigning for the return of land given to white settlers
and for independence within three years.
From 1948 to 1951 he toured and lectured around the country condemning idleness,
robbery, urging hard work while campaigning for the return of land given to white settlers
and for independence within three years.
Jomo Kenyatta

11. Goals
 Independence from Britain using ______________, “pull together” peaceful protests
 Wanted to unite all Kenyans, Kikuyu and non-Kikuyu
 Get back fertile highland farmland from White farmers
Goals
 Independence from Britain using ______________, “pull together” peaceful protests
 Wanted to unite all Kenyans, Kikuyu and non-Kikuyu
 Get back fertile highland farmland from White farmers
Harambee

12. supported non-violent protests.
toured his nation to inspire their people.
was a Nationalist leaders who wanted to unite all
the people in their country.
supported non-violent protests.
toured his nation to inspire their people.
was a Nationalist leaders who wanted to unite all
the people in their country.
1. Both Gandhi and Kenyatta….
2. Similar to Gandhi, Kenyatta...
3. Like Gandhi, Kenyatta...
1. Both Gandhi and Kenyatta….
2. Similar to Gandhi, Kenyatta...
3. Like Gandhi, Kenyatta...
COMPARISON

13. The Mau Mau UprisingThe Mau Mau Uprising
• The Mau Mau were a Kikuyu rebel group that used violent guerrilla style tactics against
Africans who were loyal to the British.
• They attacked British settlers and soldiers and began a major Rebellion from 1952-
• The Mau Mau were a Kikuyu rebel group that used violent guerrilla style tactics against
Africans who were loyal to the British.
• They attacked British settlers and soldiers and began a major Rebellion from 1952-

14. The Mau Mau UprisingThe Mau Mau Uprising
• After many atrocities by both sides, the British put down the uprising but
began to negotiate Kenyan Independence due to the cost of the conflict.
• After many atrocities by both sides, the British put down the uprising but
began to negotiate Kenyan Independence due to the cost of the conflict.
NEGOTIATE

15. Kenyatta was arrested in 1952 for "managing and
being a member" of the Mau Mau Society.
Kenyatta was arrested in 1952 for "managing and
being a member" of the Mau Mau Society.
CONTROVERSIAL

16. Key Idea Information Summary Memory (Draw a Picture)
The
Mau Mau
Rebels
The Mau Mau UprisingThe Mau Mau Uprising

17. The Man:____________The Man:____________
The Baby:____________The Baby:____________
The Snake:____________The Snake:____________
The British
Kenya
The Mau Mau
Political Cartoon
Analysis
Political Cartoon
Analysis
What is the major point of the
cartoon?

18. “I have no
intention of
retaliating or
looking
backwards. We
are going to
forget the past
and look forward
to the future”
“I have no
intention of
retaliating or
looking
backwards. We
are going to
forget the past
and look forward
to the future”
Homework: Watch
EdPuzzle Video
Homework: Watch
EdPuzzle Video
Film ClipFilm Clip
Overall: Do you think Jomo Kenyatta was a great leader?
How should he be remembered?
Overall: Do you think Jomo Kenyatta was a great leader?
How should he be remembered?

19. The Hola MassacreThe Hola Massacre
• The British forced many Kenyans into “Concentration Camps” to limit the
activities of the Mau Mau and to protect Kenyan loyalists.
• On March 3, 1959, 11 Kenyas were bludgeoned to death by British colonial
forces at a camp in Hola province.
• The British forced many Kenyans into “Concentration Camps” to limit the
activities of the Mau Mau and to protect Kenyan loyalists.
• On March 3, 1959, 11 Kenyas were bludgeoned to death by British colonial
forces at a camp in Hola province.

20. • The British claimed the prisoners died from contaminated water.
• Secret documents were found that the autopsies of the dead showed that the cause of
death was from violent attacks and torture.
• Today, some Kenyans have sued the British government to pay reparations for these
crimes.
• The British claimed the prisoners died from contaminated water.
• Secret documents were found that the autopsies of the dead showed that the cause of
death was from violent attacks and torture.
• Today, some Kenyans have sued the British government to pay reparations for these
crimes.
“Short rations, overwork, brutality, humiliating and
disgusting treatment and flogging—all in violation of the
United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights.”
—Colonial officer's description of British camp
“Short rations, overwork, brutality, humiliating and
disgusting treatment and flogging—all in violation of the
United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights.”
—Colonial officer's description of British camp
Film ClipFilm Clip

21. • After 7 years in Prison, Kenyatta was
released in 1961 and led the KANU
delegation where Kenya's
independence and constitution were
being negotiated.
• After 7 years in Prison, Kenyatta was
released in 1961 and led the KANU
delegation where Kenya's
independence and constitution were
being negotiated.
NEGOTIATE

22. Results: Negotiated IndependenceResults: Negotiated Independence
• Elections were held 1963 and Kenyatta became the first prime minister of the new
Kenyan government.
• After independence, he consistently asked white settlers not to leave Kenya and
supported reconciliation.
• Elections were held 1963 and Kenyatta became the first prime minister of the new
Kenyan government.
• After independence, he consistently asked white settlers not to leave Kenya and
supported reconciliation.

23. Lasting Problems:
 Difficulty of Ethnic diversity and Tribalism
 One party/Kikuyu domination
 Government corruption
 2007 – contested election erupted in violence
Lasting Problems:
 Difficulty of Ethnic diversity and Tribalism
 One party/Kikuyu domination
 Government corruption
 2007 – contested election erupted in violence

24. “I have no
intention of
retaliating or
looking
backwards. We
are going to
forget the past
and look forward
to the future”
“I have no
intention of
retaliating or
looking
backwards. We
are going to
forget the past
and look forward
to the future”
Jomo KenyattaJomo Kenyatta
Film ClipFilm Clip
Overall: Do you think Jomo Kenyatta was a great leader?
How should he be remembered?
Overall: Do you think Jomo Kenyatta was a great leader?
How should he be remembered?

25. Nkrumah in Ghana
Nehru in India Kenyatta in Kenya
Mao Zedong in ChinaGandhi in India

26. Independence Leaders
Line 1 - Name of ruler
Line 2 - “Ruler/Leader of.....”
Line 3 - Three traits that describe the ruler
Line 4 - “Who has helped to” (2 good things)
Line 5 - “But also ”(2 bad things)
Line 6 - “Who will be remembered because of...”
Extra Credit: Create a Bio- Poem: Choose TWO people
• Mohandas Gandhi
• Jiang Jieshi
• Kwame Nkrumah
• Nelson Mandela
• Muhammad Ali Jinnah
• Mao Zedong
• Jomo Kenyatta
• Ho Chi Minh

27. Decolonization of Africa

28. The paranoia is in bloom, the PR
Transmissions will resume, they'll
try to push drugs, keep us all dumb
down and hope that We will never
see the truth around, so come on
Another promise, another scene,
another Package not to keep us
trapped in greed with all the Green
belts wrapped around our minds and
endless Red tape to keep the truth
confined, so come on
They will not force us
And they will stop degrading us
And they will not control us
We will be victorious, so come on
Interchanging mind control, come let
the Revolution take its toll, if you
could Flick a switch and open your
third eye, you'd see that We should
never be afraid to die, so come on
Uprising
Rise up and take the power back, it's time
that The fat cats had a heart attack, you
know that Their time is coming to an end,
we have to Unify and watch our flag ascend,
so come on
They will not force us
They will stop degrading us
They will not control us
We will be victorious, so come on
Hey, hey, hey, hey
Hey, hey, hey, hey
Hey, hey, hey, hey
They will not force us
They will stop degrading us
They will not control us
We will be victorious, so come on
Hey, hey, hey, hey
Music Clip

31. Conclusions
 Decolonization was sometimes a violent process-
dependent in large part on how many settlers had
come to the colony.
 In many parts of world, decolonization was not
revolutionary. Power passed from one class of
elites to another. Little economic and social reform
occurred.
 Significant challenges faced independent nations.
 Western economic dominance of the global trade
system continued unabated. WHY?