Communications in disasters

UBIQUITOUS NETWORKSIN DISASTERS & EMERGENCIES 7th Korea Communications Conference, Seoul, Korea May 12 , 2011 (version of May 4, 2011) by Gerhard Fasol Eurotechnology Japan KK http://www.eurotechnology.com/ fasol@eurotechnology.com(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 1 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

COMMUNICATIONS FOR DISASTERS• How does it feel in a disaster? - Why we need to prepare• Why warning systems save lives• Communicating during disasters: • Which information do we need? “Situational awareness” • What do we need to communicate? • How can we communicate and why we need social networks and twitter• Some lessons learnt from Japan’s March 11, 2011 triple disasters(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 2 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

HOW DOES IT FEEL IN A DISASTER?• Earthquake: • no time, no escape, uncertainty of what is next, afterquakes (yoshin)• Tsunami, broken dam, ﬂooding • most people had no idea what a giant Tsunami is, run for your life to a high location as fast as you can• Nuclear disaster: • radiation is invisible, need for measurements, need for warning• Vulcano• Storm, hurricane• Sudden military attack, terror attack(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 3 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

QUAKE + AFTER-QUAKES 10 earth quakes of magnitude larger 5 9 in Japan 2011 magnitude 8 7 6 5 4 Feb 14 Feb 28 Mar 14 Mar 28 Apr 11(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 4 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

NUCLEAR DISASTER 600 550 Radiation in Tokyo 500 c 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 450 Radiation nanoGray hour 400 green: AIST, Tsukuba blue: Tokyo Metrop. 350 Inst. of Public Health 300 Shinjuku red: TEPCO, Shibuya 250 200 Radiation in Austria highest values 150 100 11 3 Radiation in Austria 50 14:46 lowest values 0 01 3 05 3 10 3 15 3 20 3 25 3 01 4 05 4 10 4 15 4 20 4 25 4 30 4(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 7 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

OUR NEWSLETTER INFORMED 10,000’SNewsletter archive: http://conta.cc/EurotArchiveto subscribe: http://visitor.r20.constantcontact.com/d.jsp?llr=478whee6&p=oi&m=1000869687199(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 10 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

UNDERSTANDING RAW RADIATION DATA RADIATION DATA ARE DIFFICULT TO UNDERSTAND WE NEED TO DECIDE WHAT TO DONewsletter archive: http://conta.cc/EurotArchiveto subscribe: http://visitor.r20.constantcontact.com/d.jsp?llr=478whee6&p=oi&m=1000869687199(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 11 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

WHY WE NEED TO PREPARE NOW• When disaster strikes, there is no time at all.• Communications saves lives, especially in the case of Tsunami• Harden communication systems against breakdown• Design communication systems to be resilient• Protect the communicators • (during Japan’s March 11, 2011 tsunami disaster, several emergency communication system operators died because the emergency communication system command centers were unprotected against the tsunami)(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 12 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

WHY WARNING SYSTEMS SAVE LIVES• especially important for Tsunami • there is some time (a few minutes, up to one hour) between quake and Tsunami • you must run as fast as you can to the highest possible location • if driving a car, you must avoid being stuck in a trafﬁc jam and you must drive away from the Tsunami as fast as you can• in the case of an earthquake there is no time. • advance warning gives a few seconds of preparation(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 13 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

ETWS = EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM (3GPP) • a global standard promoted by Japan • Primary notification within 4 seconds, provide most urgent warning • Secondary notification with instructions • include security and authentication, to prevent spoofing • delivery via cell broadcast within defined local areas • Should be expanded to other emergencies (e.g. vulcano, attack)(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 14 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

COMMUNICATING DURING DISASTERS• Personal communication • What is the situation? (situational awareness) • Where is my family and friends? Do they need help? • Tell family and friends where I am. Do I need help? • What do I need to do?• Responders • situational awareness, organize help • make sure responders can communicate with each other(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 15 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

WHICH INFORMATION DO WE NEED? • Situational awareness: • need to understand the situation • Communication with family and friends, with responders • Need information to take action: • how to get home, whether to evacuate, protect against radiation, where to escape to (the Japan March 11, 2011 tsunami killed people who escaped to the wrong places)(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 16 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

WHAT DO WE NEED TO COMMUNICATE? • Where are immediate family and friends? • are they safe? • do they need help? • Tell immediate family and friends where I am • tell them where I am • tell them if I need help(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 17 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

HOW CAN WE COMMUNICATE? • During March 11, 2011 disaster in Japan: • mobile voice phone did not work for several days • mobile email almost did not work (need to try 20-30 times in order to send one mobile email/text message) • internet worked • social networks worked(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 18 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

WHY WE NEED SOCIAL NETWORKS AND TWITTER • Internet was designed under DARPA contract to enable communications during nuclear war • Mobile phone number is ﬁxed to device (via SIM card): • if the mobile phone network fails, or if the mobile phone runs out of battery, or falls into water, the mobile phone number as ID becomes useless and we cannot be reached • Twitter, or social network system: • ID is independent of device, works on many devices • asynchronous: we can read the message and respond when we are able to read • Broadcast mode allows broadcast of messages to large numbers of followers(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 19 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

SOME LESSONS LEARNT FROM JAPAN’S TRIPLE DISASTERS • Warning systems for Tsunami need to be improved • for example, in some cases the operators of the Tsunami warning system were not protected and lost their lives heroically • Mobile email / mobile internet systems did not work well for 2-3 days after March 11, could be improved • Radiation warning systems need to be improved. • some people in Tokyo panicked because sufﬁcient information about the true radiation situation was difﬁcult to obtain • Some radiation data were transported by messengers(!), some urgently needed radiation data were not distributed until weeks later • Social networking systems and Twitter are extremely useful and resilient(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 22 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

SUMMARY • Nobody wants to be in a disaster, but when disaster strikes: • there is no time: split seconds can decide on life or death • priority becomes: to survive • in the case of a nuclear disaster, radiation data are crucial and need to be distributed effectively • Preparations must be done now. • Once disaster strikes, there is no time(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 23 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

EUROTECHNOLOGY JAPAN KK• Leading high-tech consulting boutique in Tokyo working globally• Founded 1997, worked with many of world’s largest corporations (SIEMENS, Deutsche Telekom, NTT, IKEA,... on technology projects in Japan)• Work in financial sector includes: • worked with more than 100 investment fund managers on electronic money and mobile payment opportunities • worked with one of the largest financial groups: found mobile banking system malfunction and assisted in identification of security issues, led to technology advisory contract(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 24 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

GERHARD FASOL • Worked successfully with Japan’s high-tech sector since 1984 - 27 years. Came ﬁrst to Japan in 1984 to help build NTT’s ﬁrst international R&D cooperation • Entrepreneur in Tokyo since 1996, Eurotechnology Japan KK worked with many large corporate groups (e.g. SIEMENS, NTT, Deutsche Telekom, Asahi Glass...), more than 100 investment fund managers • Previously: Assoc. Professor of Electrical Engineering at Tokyo University, Tenured Faculty member at Cavendish Laboratory/University of Cambridge. Co-initiator of spin-electronics device research in Japan. • Education: PhD in Physics (Cambridge University, Trinity College, UK) • http://fasol.com/(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 25 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

MORE INFORMATION• reports:http://www.eurotechnology.com/store/• twitter: http://twitter.com/gfasol/• website: http://www.eurotechnology.com/• personal site: http://fasol.com(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 26 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

CONTACT• Eurotechnology Japan KK, Tokyo, Japan.• http://www.eurotechnology.com/• CEO: Gerhard Fasol• Mobile +81-90-8594-6291• Email: fasol@eurotechnology.com(c) 2011 Eurotechnology Japan KK www.eurotechnology.com 27 Fasol: Ubiquitous networks for disasters May 12, 2011

Communications in disasters

by Gerhard Fasol on May 13, 2011

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Communications in disasters — Presentation Transcript