This document provides a summary of Spanish grammar concepts including: preterit verb conjugations, modal verbs, adverbs, progressive and future tenses, superlatives, formal commands, prepositions, and demonstratives. The summary covers key irregular verb forms and rules for forming different grammatical constructs in Spanish.

1. Grammar Book 2
Ema Auger

2. Table of Contents
Preterit
 Cargarzar
 Spock
 Cucaracha
 Snake y snakey
Modal
Adverb
Progressive- present and past
Future –Irregular-Conditional
Superlatives
Formal commands
Prepositions
Demonstratives

3. Preterit-Car Gar Zar
Tocar Jugar Comenzar
Toque Jugue Comence
Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste
Toco Jugo Como
Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos
Tocaron Jugaron Comenzaron
Irregular in yo form to maintain sound.

4. Spock
 Hacer- hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieron
 Ir- fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron
 Ser- fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron
 Dar- di, diste, dio, dimos, dieron
 Ver- vi, viste, vio, vimos, vieron

5. Snake y Snaky
Snake Snakey
Stem Changers Y Changers
Ex: Dormir Ex: Leer
 Dormí •Leí
 Dormimos •Leimos
 Dormiste •Leiste
•Leyó
 Durmió
•Leyeron
 Dumieron

6. Cucaracha
 AndarAnduve-
 EstarEstuve-
 PoderPud-
 Poner Pus-
 QuererQuis-
 Saber Sup- -e
 TenerTuv- -iste
 Venir Vin- -o
-imos
-isteis
 ConducirConduj-
-ieron
 ProducirProduj-
 TraducirTraduj-
Take off the i
 DecirDij-
 Traer Traj-

7. Modal Verbs
Ir+a+infinitive Going to do something
Poder+infinitive Are able to do something
Querer+infinitive Want to do something
Deber+infinitive Should do something
Tenerque+infinitive To have to do something
Soler+ infinitive To be accustomed to
*conjugate and pair the modal verb with an infinitive to get a new meaning.

8. Los Adverbios
Most Spanish adverbs are formed by adding –
mente to the feminine singular form of the
adjective. This ending corresponds to –ly in
English.
Adjective Feminine Form Adverb Meaning
Claro Clara Claramente Clearly
Constante Constante Constantemente Constantly
Dificil Dificil Dificilmente Difficultly
Alegre Alegre Alegremente Happily

9. Irregular Adverbs
 Some adverbs do not follow any pattern of
origination, and must be memorized.
Mucho A lot
Muy Very
Mal Badly
Bastante Quite
Bien Good
Ya Already
Tan So
Demasiado Too

10. Progressive Tense
Estar +Verb +-ando/ -iendo/-yendo
Ex: Estoyhablandoti.
I am talking to you.
Past imperfect
Ex: Estabahablando a ti.
I was talking to you.

11. El Futuro “will”
 Examples:
Irregular
cantaré
Deer dir-
 Infinitive+ … Hacerhar- -é
é Ponerpondr- -ás
 ás Salirsaldr- -á
á Tenertendr- -emos
 emos
Valervendr- -éis
Poderpodr- -án
 án
Querequerr-
Saber
sabr-

12. Futuro- Conditional
 Conditional expresses probability or possibility of
what will or shall happen.
 Usually translated as would, could, must have, or
probably.
Hablar
ía
Hablaría
ías Hablarías
Infinitive+ ía Hablaría
íamos Hablaríamos
Hablaríais
íais
Hablarían
ían

13. Superlatives
 Use when trying to say that something has the
most or least of a certain quality.
Más+adjective
(The most…)
ex: Luis es el más alto
Menos+adjective
(the least)
ex: Sofia es el menosagradable.

14. Formal Commands
 Put in yo form and change to the opposite vowel.
 Negative is the same
Ex: coma or tenga

15. Prepositions
 Abajo- below
 Arriba- above
 Debajo de- under
 Dentro de- inside
 Encima de- on top of
 Fuera de- outside
 Cerca de- near
 Legos de- far
 Dentrás de- behind

16. Demonstratives
 Always agree in gender and number with the noun
they modify
 Always come in front of the noun they modify
Singular
-Este/Esta This
-Ese/Esa That
-Aquel/Aquella That over there
Plural
-Estos/Estas These
-Esos/Esas Those
-Aquellos/Aquellas Those over there