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Introduction to the trigeminal nerve dental surgery
The document provides an overview of cranial nerves, focusing on the trigeminal nerve, which is the fifth cranial nerve and the largest. It explains the trigeminal nerve's mixed function, sensory innervation of the face, and its three divisions—ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular. Additionally, it discusses the importance of understanding dermatomes for diagnosing nerve injuries and the effects of nerve blocks.
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Introduction to the trigeminal nerve dental surgery
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- 2. What are cranialnerves? • Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain • There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves • Only the first 2 originate from the cerebrum, the others originate from the brain stem • Trigeminal nerve is the FIFTH cranial nerve
- 3. • • • • The cranial nerves ⅠOlfactory nerve Ⅱ Optic nerve Ⅲ Oculomotor nerve Ⅳ Trochlear nerve • Ⅴ Trigeminal nerve • • • • • • • Ⅵ Abducent nerve Ⅶ Facial nerve Ⅷ Acoustic nerve Ⅸ Glossopharyngeal nerve Ⅹ Vagus nerve Ⅺ Accessory nerve Ⅻ Hypoglossal nerve
- 4. Classification of cranialnerves • Sensory cranial nerves: – contain only afferent (sensory) fibers • Motor cranial nerves: – contain only efferent (motor) fibers • Mixed nerves: – contain both sensory and motor fibers
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- 6. Trigeminal nerve • 5thcranial nerve (CN5) • Largest cranial nerve • MIXED CRANIAL NERVE • Sensory to face – 3 dermatomes • Motor to muscles of mastication
- 7. View of brainfrom below showing trigeminal ganglion and trigeminal nerves
- 8. Nuclei • Sensory nuclei– largest cranial nerve nuclei • Sensory nuclei –mid-brain, pons and medulla • Sensory nuclei – 3 parts – Mesencephalic nucleus – Primary/Main sensory (pontine) nucleus – Spinal trigeminal nucleus • Motor nucleus – mid-pons
- 10. Trigeminal ganglion (semilunar/gasserian /gasser’sganglion) • Semilunar in shape • Situated in Meckel’s cavity /cave on ‘Trigeminal depression’ present on petrous temporal bone • Contains the cell bodies of incoming sensory nerve fibers • Convex surface below to which the 3 nerve roots converge: – Opthalmic division – Maxillary division – Mandibular division
- 11. Trigeminal ganglion -shape To sensory nuclei ro Motor 5 1 ot r luna i Sem glion Gan 2 3 Foramen ovale To muscles of mastication/ swallowing Foramen rotundum Superior orbital fissure
- 13. Trigeminal dermatomes • Areasof cutaneous sensory innervation • Show very little overlap • Injection of local anesthesia shows loss of sensation from very well defined areas • Knowledge of dermatomes helps in – Locating site of nerve injury – Testing result of nerve block
- 14. V1- OPTHALMIC DIVISION V2– MAXILLARY DIVISION V3 – MANDIBULAR DIVISION
- 16. Applied anatomy • Knowledgeof dermatomes and their nerve supply helps locate site of nerve injury • Also helps in demonstrating effect of nerve block • Intracranial causes of trigeminal neuralgia • Pain control and modulation
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