This ppt gives you the basic introduction, talks about it's inception, the basic physics behind it and mainly the fabrication process and after that it discusses the uses and future prospects of it.
This ppt gives you the basic introduction, talks about it's inception, the basic physics behind it and mainly the fabrication process and after that it discusses the uses and future prospects of it.
It's an army version...as it was made by me for my dad :) I have a word report too...for that or any queries regarding this topic contact me on alizamalik01@gmail.com....Gud luck!
Solar to energy presentation geofrey yatorGeofrey Yator
Solar to energy conversion.The definition,need for,technologies and the Future of solar energy in the planet earth.
The article is presented by Geofrey Kibiwott yator University of Eldoret.
A short presentation about solar energy, renewable energy, advantages and disadvantages of solar energy, applications of solar energy. Life of earth.
Non-renewable energy and disadvantages of non renewable energy.
Designed a complete system of solar cell arrays required for a commercial complex. Researched and derived mathematical equations to install the system using given budget constraints. Made CAD drawings of the arrangement of inverter arrays required for installing the system.
It is a presentation that covers mostly about solar car like it's summary,background,parts needed,acknowledgment,design, how it's work it covers most about the solar car.
It's an army version...as it was made by me for my dad :) I have a word report too...for that or any queries regarding this topic contact me on alizamalik01@gmail.com....Gud luck!
Solar to energy presentation geofrey yatorGeofrey Yator
Solar to energy conversion.The definition,need for,technologies and the Future of solar energy in the planet earth.
The article is presented by Geofrey Kibiwott yator University of Eldoret.
A short presentation about solar energy, renewable energy, advantages and disadvantages of solar energy, applications of solar energy. Life of earth.
Non-renewable energy and disadvantages of non renewable energy.
Designed a complete system of solar cell arrays required for a commercial complex. Researched and derived mathematical equations to install the system using given budget constraints. Made CAD drawings of the arrangement of inverter arrays required for installing the system.
It is a presentation that covers mostly about solar car like it's summary,background,parts needed,acknowledgment,design, how it's work it covers most about the solar car.
This slide is from science method using computer aided technology for class 8 and class 9 students. This slide aims to impart knowledge on conservation of solar energy, its application, solar cells and a video by Richard Ted on how does solar cells work.
basic renewable energy for Engineering Studentspankajnavale25
Renewables energy and basics by expert faculty at Government Institute and Engineering College from India. Better understanding best notes that one can. See.
Creation, Creativity & Crowdfunding | BLAT FORUM 30 MAY 2019Arturo Pelayo
This talk is an introduction to Crowdsourcing and Crowdfunding with an applicable lens for Instructional Designers, Learning & Development practitioners, middle management and blended learning professionals.
This talk was presented to the Blended Learning & Technologies Forum. The talk was hosted on 30 May 2019 at the Employers & Manufacturers Association in Auckland, New Zealand.
The Age of Smiths (As presented to audience)Arturo Pelayo
The slides are from a talk given at the Telco & Digital Service Futures event organized by CONFERENZ on 21 April 2019.
The audience is CEOs, Business Owners and Execs. The aim is to get them to realize national prosperity by embracing heart and mind while understanding digital disruption and accelerating technologies.
Special Thanks to Rachel Kelly for her incredible support and recommendation to CONFERENZ and to my talk sponsor, The Employers & Manufacturers Association.
The slides are from a talk given at the Telco & Digital Service Futures event organized by Conferenz.
The audience is CEOs, Business Owners and Execs. The aim is to get them to realize national prosperity by embracing heart and mind while understanding digital disruption and accelerating technologies.
Special Thanks to Rachel Kelly for her incredible support and recommendation to CONFERENZ.
Rewriting The Code Of Life - RNZCGP 2018 AGM AKL Arturo Pelayo
This slide deck was presented at the 2018 Annual General Meeting of the Auckland Faculty of the Royal New Zealand College Of General Practitioners.
Talk Abstract:
Understanding a patient's genes and molecular make up through a new generation of diagnostics, equipment and computational analysis can help us reimagine medical decisions, recommendations and tailor care to individual patients.
In this talk, we will explore the emerging model of wellness and care given advances in our understanding of genetics & gene therapies, artificial intelligence, remote diagnostics and robotics which will help us tailor individualised care to our patients.
Care 2027: Be The Ocean, Not the Wave | Digital Summit 2017 Opening KeynoteArturo Pelayo
The slide deck was prepared for the Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners' Digital Summit 2017.
This was prepared as an Opening Keynote (35min) to set the tone for the day sessions, panels and workshops.
The Shape Of Things To Come | Autodesk2020Arturo Pelayo
This presentation provides insights into how we are designing the world around us with a particular focus in Material Sourcing, How we Design and what comes next.
This presentation was given at Autodesk2020 in Auckland in August 2017.
This slide deck was presented as the PRINZ 2017 Closing Keynote in May2017 in Christchurch, New Zealand
This slide deck has been designed with more slides than how it was delivered to the audience to provide more guidance to the reader.
This slide deck doesn't have GIFs, animations or embedded videos as they are not supposed by SlideShare.
#PRConf17
Work Samples - ASB Digital Savvy Workforce (2013)Arturo Pelayo
As part of my direct work reported to the GM of Capability & Learning, I designed and developed several reports to be presented by my manager-once removed. Most of the work involved Educational Design Strategy for the workforce and was reported directly to the Executive General Manager of our Division.
Instructional Design Work Sample - WorkSmart Essentials (2014)Arturo Pelayo
This is the first iteration of the content and the wireframe for the module I developed. The content was compulsory training to 5,400 employees and took 18minutes to complete in one pass.
Teaching Astronomy to blind youth - Tactile Astronomy - a case study.Arturo Pelayo
This presentation highlights the development of Tactile Astronomy, a project to teach Astronomy to blind youth in New Zealand. The project has been in development since July 2014.
The slide deck covers a basic understanding of accelerating technologies and their fundamental role in the development of Tactile Astronomy.
This presentation was delivered in the August 2016 session of the The User Experience Auckland Group in Auckland, New Zealand.
El Futuro Del Trabajo Y El Trabajo Del FuturoArturo Pelayo
¿Qué sucede cuando los robots empiezan a trabajar?
Este conjunto de diapositivas es una introducción a la aceleración tecnológica gracias a tecnologías exponenciales; el desarrollo de nuevos modelos de organización laboral en compañías digitales y una discusión interactiva de el impacto de estas tendencias en México.
Este conjunto de diapositivas están enfocadas para una audiencia de diseñadores, artistas y creativos en PLATOON Ciudad de México.
Estas diapositivas fueron presentadas en PLATOON Ciudad de México en Julio de 2016.
This presentation covers a basic understanding of accelerating technologies and their fundamental role in the development of UAVs / RPAS / Drones.
The presentation highlights New Zealand as a potential world model with key advantages for the development of new services and the advancement of core technologies to realize the potential of a Roadless Economy.
This presentation was delivered in the July 2016 session of the Social Media Club Auckland (SMCAKL).
In March 2016, I was invited to be a guest lecturer at Unitec in Auckland, New Zealand.
The lecture was divided in four areas: (1) background in exponential technologies, (2) technology convergence, (3) generative design, (4) design intent and community
These slides where presented at the IPENZ 2016 Conference as part of a provocation of what comes ahead.
After 3 days of listening to speakers talk about autonomous cars, drones, robots and more... what else can we add? Some Humanity and perspective of how fast we are moving.
The Future Of Work & The Work Of The FutureArturo Pelayo
What Happens When Robots And Machines Learn On Their Own?
This slide deck is an introduction to exponential technologies for an audience of designers and developers of workforce training materials.
The Blended Learning And Technologies Forum (BLAT Forum) is a quarterly event in Auckland, New Zealand that welcomes practitioners, designers and developers of blended learning instructional deliverables across different industries of the New Zealand economy.
Disruptive Innovation & The Roadless Economy in New ZealandArturo Pelayo
This is the slide deck presented at the joint event by ARIA Logistics (presented by co-Founder Arturo Pelayo) and The Innovation Liberation Front in Auckland, New Zealand.
For updates on upcoming events and workshops, please follow @arialogistics on twitter, our website blog and facebook page.
Taking Instructional Design To Infinity & Beyond!Arturo Pelayo
This slide deck is an easy-to-absorb way for you to begin the journey of enhancing the educational offerings for the learners within your organization.
An infinite loop provides a good analogy of how we can visualize the balancing act of doing what is best for the organization or what is best for the learner.
This friction is important to highlight.
The slide deck -when used as a filter for a learning product- can enable structural organizational improvements and realize efficiencies across the board.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Understanding the Science behind Solar Energy
1. Presented by:
Arturo Pelayo
Western Illinois University
Macomb, IL. March 15, 2004
2. Important Facts:
• Every day, the Earth
receives an amount of
solar energy equal to 30
years of world fossil fuel
energy use.
• In half a day, the US
receives the same amount
of energy from the sun
that it consumes for all
purposes in an entire year.
3. Important facts:
• If concentrated, the sunlight that falls on the hood of a car
would be enough power to boil a pot of water in minutes.
4. • Solar energy can heat buildings, heat water,
cook food, drive pumps and refrigerators,
and make electricity.
5. • Passive solar, which uses
little or no mechanical
devices, is the easiest form
to use. It can supply all or
most of the energy required
by a conventional home.
Larger buidings like schools
and apartments that use
passive solar energy may
use less than half the
electricity, oil or gas of a
similar conventional building
and can often be built at
little or no additional cost.
6. • Solar energy can be utilized almost anywhere in one form or
another. Even in places that are considered cloudy like New
England or Europe, passive solar energy can be readily
harnessed to warm buildings economically.
• Many other parts of the world, like the Mediterranean and
Africa, receive months of endless sunshine.
7.
8.
9. Solar Energy.
• Although the solar surface and atmosphere comprise regions of
very different temperatures, the sun is often equated to a black
body (i.e. a perfect radiator) at a temperature of 5,762K
The energy released from the sun comes about due to a fusion
reaction in which hydrogen nuclei combine to from helium,
releasing energy in the process. The overall reaction is:
4 1H + 2 e --> 4He + 2 neutrinos + 6 photons
10.
11. • In this reaction, the final nuclei (Helium) have
less internal energy than the starting particles
(Hydrogen). This difference is released as
energy of motion of the nuclei and electrons in
the solar gas, low energy photons and high
energy neutrinos.
• The amount of energy involved is 26 MeV (or
26 x 10^6 eV) each time the abovereaction
take place.
• 90% of the energy generated by the sun comes
from this fusion reaction.
13. • The sun’s energy reaches the earth as
solar radiation, which is composed of
discrete 'packets' of energy known as
photons.
• The energy of a photon is dictated by
its frequency:
E = hv
• E = is the photon energy (J),
• h = Planck’s constant (6.62 x 10^-34
Js) and
14. • The sun radiates photons over a range of frequencies;
• These frequencies are related to the radiation wavelength
(l ) by the equation
l = c/ v
• c= speed of light in a vacuum (3 x 10^8 m/s).
16. • Solar radiation reaching the surface of the earth has two
components – direct or beam radiation and diffuse radiation.
• As the name suggests beam radiation arrives directly from
the sun diffuse radiation is the portion of solar radiation,
which is scattered in the Earth’s atmosphere. On a clear day
beam radiation makes up about 90% of the total reaching the
earth’s surface.
• The ratio of direct and diffuse radiation changes with the
quantity of cloud and haze in the atmosphere (atmospheric
turbidity): e.g. on heavily overcast days the beam
component of solar radiation will be 0%. The total solar
irradiance G (W/m^2) at a point on the earth’s surface is
therefore the sum of the diffuse and beam radiation:
• G = G beam + G diffuse
17. • Opaque materials such as
concrete will absorb and
reflect solar radiation,
• Transparent materials
such as glass will reflect,
absorb and transmit solar
radiation.
18. The preceding information can be used to estimate the solar radiation
falling on a surfaces of different orientations and of different properties.
This information can be used when designing a solar collector system.
19. • By far the most common type of solar
collector is the flat plate solar collector,
these are often found on the roofs of
buildings throughout the US and in
southern Europe.
• In these collectors solar energy is used
to heat water, which can then be used
inside the building.
20. • The rate at which heat is absorbed by the collector (W) is given by:
Qp = GsAt a
• where Gs is the incident radiation (W), A the area of the collector (m^2), t the
transmission factor of the cover and a the absorptance of the back plate. The
losses from the collector are calculated from
QL = UA(Tc-Ta)
where U is the collector U-value (W/m^2 °C) , Tc is the average collector plate
temperature and Tais the air temperature. The useful rate of energy recovery from
the collector is therefore
QR = GsAt a - UA(Tc-Ta)
The temperature rise in the water flowing through the collector is given by:
D T = Qs/mC
where m is the water flow rate to the collector (kg) and C is the water specific heat
(J/kg °C).
21. The simplest solar collector is a
window, which admits heat and
light into a building, reducing
both fossil fuel consumption for
heating and electrical energy
consumption for lighting.
23. Photovoltaics.
• Photovoltaic materials produce electrical
power from sunlight. The basic component
of photovoltaic power conversion is the
solar cell.
• The history of photovoltaic materials goes
back to 1839 when Edmund Becquerel
discovered the photo galvanic effect: where
electric currents were produced from light
induced chemical reactions. However it was
not until 1954 that the first solar cell was
developed with an efficiency of 6%:
• efficiency = power output .
available solar power
24. Solar cells found their
first use in powering
satellites, however their
use for terrestrial power
production has been
growing rapidly.
25. • The most common solar cell is a p-n junction, where the
p-type (positive) and n-type (negative) materials are
doped semiconductor(s). The p-n junction is a boundary
in a semiconductor material where a region of electron
depletion neighbours a region of electron surplus.
26. • Solar cells are most commonly fabricated from silicon,
however other materials such as cadmium and gallium may
also be used. Silicon is a semiconductor material that is
tetravalent, i.e. group IV of the periodic table. If silicon is
doped with ions from a group III material it becomes an
acceptor (p-type), when doped with a group V material it
becomes a donator (n-type). The p-type material is said to
have a surplus of holes (rather than a deficit of electrons).
27.
28. Semiconductors
• Four types of silicon semiconductor devices are in use:
• monocrystalline,
• polycrystalline,
• thin film polycrystalline
• morphous.
29. Silicon semiconductors.
• Monocrystalline silicon has a highly ordered atomic
structure and cells made from it have the highest
photovoltaic conversion efficiencies (18%).
• Polycrystalline silicon consists of many crystalline
grains; the conversion efficiency of a solar cell
manufactured from polycrystalline silicon is around
13%.
• A standard solar cell is typically cut from a large ingot
of polycrystalline silicon and is typically between 200
and 400 microns thick.
30. • In order for a current to flow in the
semiconductor material, electrons in the
valence orbitals (which form the bonds
between the atoms) must be promoted
to a higher energy level so that they are
capable of conduction.
• The energy required for this is achieved
by the absorption of photons of light.
• The amount of energy required for a
valence electron to jump to this higher
energy level is known as the band gap
energy, Eg. This is an intrinsic property
of the material (e.g. crystalline silicon
has a band gap energy of 1.12 eV).
31. The liberation of an electron from the valence band
creates a corresponding vacancy in the valence band
known as a hole. Electrons and holes are the charge
carriers in the semiconductor material (i.e. the source
of electrical current). In p-type materials the holes are
the majority carriers, while in n-type materials
electrons are the majority carriers.
32. • The liberation of an electron from the valence band can
be achieved by the interaction of a photon with the
electron. The jump from the ground state to the excited
state liberates one (and only one) electron-hole pair
and requires the absorbed photon to have energy of
hv > Eg
• h = Planck’s constant: 6.626 x10^-34 Js
• v is the frequency (Hz).
• If a photon has an energy greater than Eg, it creates an
electron-hole pair with an energy of greater than Eg,
however the excess energy is soon dissipated as heat
33. Photons with a frequency less than Eg/h will not liberate an
electron-hole pair. This creates a fundamental efficiency
limitation in all photovoltaic conversion devices: only a
fraction of the photons absorbed in the photovoltaic material
will have a frequency greater than Eg/h (so-called above-
band-gap photons) and much of the energy from the above-
band-gap photons is wasted as heat. The silicon cell has
metallic grids deposited on each side, which act as electrical
contacts and allow electrons liberated by sunlight to flow: an
electrical current will flow from the cell. Under standard test
conditions of 1000W/m^2 irradiance and a cell temperature
of 25°C a good solar cell will generate a potential difference
of 0.5V and supply a current of up to 5A.
34. The output of a solar cell depends
upon several factors: the
properties of the semi-conductor
material, the intensity of insolation,
the cell temperature and the nature
of the external loads the cell
supplies.
The combination of these factors
gives rise to the characteristic
operating curves, of generated
current against the output voltage
for the solar cell.
35. • Isc is the short circuited output of the cell, while Voc is the open circuit voltage. The
maximum power of the cell occurs at the maximum power point (the knee of the
curve in figure 6) where voltage is Vmpp and the current is Impp. The quality of a cell
is indicated by its fill factor (FF):
FF = Vmpp Impp./ Isc Voc
The closer the fill factor to 1 the better the quality of the PV cell. The power output
of the solar cell is related to the incident solar radiation and the cell temperature.
The power output will vary linearly with incident solar radiation (when kept at the
same temperature):
P max 25 = PSTC G/1000
where P max 25 is the power output at 25°C, PSTC the power output at standard test
conditions (25°C and 1000W/m^2) and G the value of irradiance incidental on the
module (W/m^2). Increasing temperature has a detrimental impact on the output of a
solar cell: the hotter the cell operating temperature the poorer the efficiency of the
cell. Typically efficiency will drop off by around 0.5% per °C increase in operating
temperature. The following equation relates the cell temperature to its power output:
P max T = Pmax25 [1-b (T-25)]
where P max T is the power output at temperature T (°C), P max 25 the power output
at 25°C and b the temperature coefficient of the cell (e.g. for a 0.5% drop of in
efficiency this = 0.005). Substituting the previous expression gives the power output
for the PV at any particular value of irradiance and temperature:
P max = PSTC G/1000 [1-b (T-25)]
36. A major barrier to the uptake of PV materials into the building
structure is their low efficiency and high cost. Due to the impact
of low radiation levels and high temperatures real of efficiencies
of 12% have been calculated for crystalline silicon panels
(compared to flash test efficiencies of over 18% in some cases).
37. The result of the lower operational efficiencies of PV
arrays is that their payback period becomes longer and
they become less financially attractive.
One method of boosting the operational efficiency of PV
(when incorporated into a building façade) is to recover
heated air from the rear of the panels. This boosts the
efficiency in two ways.