(1) Solar irradiance is the power per unit area received from the sun and is measured in watts per square meter. It affects the efficiency of solar collectors.
(2) A solar collector collects solar energy by absorbing radiation and converting it to heat or electricity. The material and coating are designed to maximize absorption.
(3) An analysis showed collector efficiency is higher with greater irradiance and more open collector plates, as irradiance influences heat absorption. Installation must account for irradiance's impact on collectors.
Thermal Storage Comparison for Variable Basement Kinds of a Solar Chimney Pro...Waqas Tariq
A solar updraft tower power plant ‘solar tower’ is a solar thermal power plant utilizing a combination of solar air collector and central updraft tube to generate an induced convective flow which drives pressure staged turbines to generate electricity. The issue of this paper is to present practical results of prototype of a solar chimney with thermal mass, where the glass surface is replaced by transparence plastic cover. The study focused on chimney\'s basements kind effect on collected air temperatures. Three basements were used, concrete, black concrete and black pebbles basements. The study was conducted in Baghdad from August to November 2010. The results show that the best chimney efficiency attained was 49.7% for pebbles base. The highest collected air temperature reached was 49ºC when using the black pebbles basement also. Also, the maximum basement temperature measured was 59ºC for black pebbles. High increments in collected air temperatures were achieved compared to ambient air temperatures for the three basements kind. The highest temperature difference reached was 22ºC with the pebble ground.
basic renewable energy for Engineering Studentspankajnavale25
Renewables energy and basics by expert faculty at Government Institute and Engineering College from India. Better understanding best notes that one can. See.
Modeling Of Flat Plate Collector by Using Hybrid TechniqueIOSR Journals
(SWH) are becoming increasingly attractive in sustainable development. Hence the Efforts continuously made here is to reduce their costs to make them more affordable. Solar energy has experienced a remarkable development in recent years because of cost reduction due to technological development as well as renewable energy scheme supported by the government. The process of using sun’s energy to heat water is not a new technology. (SWH) technology has improved a lot during the past century. The primary method of energy transport in solar energy from sun is electromagnetic radiation .This type of radiation coming from the Sun also depends on temperature. The Sun generates electromagnetic radiation in extensive span of wavelengths. However, most of the radiation is being sent out in the observable range due to its surface temperature. The amount of solar energy received in a particular region depends on the time of the day, the season of the year, the sky’s cloudiness, and how closeness of Earth’s equator. For modeling we utilized Genetic algorithm and for prediction we employed hybrid ABC and PSO techniques. Genetic algorithm is utilized in order to optimize the modeling technique by using the dataset collected.
PREDICTING OF ENERGY PRODUCTION OF SOLAR TOWER BASED ON THE STUDY OF THE COSI...IAEME Publication
The concentrated solar energy is one of the most important forms of solar energy
exploitation, which will play a key role in the future energy in the world and especially in
Jordan. In this investigation, cosine efficiency is investigated to consider when planning
the field arrangement of the heliostats in a solar power tower plant. If the power plant
within the northern hemisphere, a heliostat to the south of the tower is less effective than
a heliostat to the north of the tower. This work illustrates this concept
PROTOTYPE OF A SMALL (SOLAR-WIND) HYBRID POWER PLANTIAEME Publication
Non-renewable sources of electricity are currently running low, so alternative
energy sources are needed, such as renewable energy that is environmentally friendly,
relatively inexpensive, carbon neutral, for example, hybrid wind power plants with
solar energy. This study aims to make a prototype of a hybrid wind power plant with
solar energy as an alternative energy source. The implementation method is done by
making prototypes of wind power plants and solar power plants. Furthermore, the two
plants are combined and are commonly called hybrid systems. This research was
conducted at the Electrical Engineering Laboratory, Paulus Indonesia Christian
University, Makassar. The results of the study were obtained for each 120W power
plant (PLTB), 100W Solar Power Plant (PLTS). Thus the maximum power produced
by the hybrid system is ± 220 W
Modeling Of a Bucket Air Cooler by Using Solar EnergyIJMER
In a conventional energy sources day to day decreasing in their energy levels. Going green and conservation as much energy as possible has become the focal point in their eyes of the world. There are many sources of energy available to us that will conserve our natural resources and decrease on harmful emissions that are destroying our environment. Many energy sources available in world like
hydro electrical, thermal, mechanical, solar, tidal, bio gas, wave, wind, geothermal, ocean thermal energy. Many incentives are now available to individuals and industries who implement the use of this ecofriendly environment through in this direction we are selected solar energy is main sources.Our design and construction of a bucket air cooler by using solar energy is new alternative to
conventional energy sources. We set out to create an air cooler that does not create any harmful
emissions in environment and provide no pollution in the surrounding. The solar power as the main energy sources to help in the project work. It is providing to cooling the enclosed space and also measured the temperature levels of before and after in absorbed enclosed space.
STUDY OF SOLAR THERMAL CAVITY RECEIVER FOR PARABOLIC CONCENTRATING COLLECTOR ijiert bestjournal
Energy is one of the building blocks of the country . The growth of the country has been fueled by chea p,abundant energy resources. Solar energy is a form of renewable ener gy which is available abundantly and collected unre servedly. The parabolic concentrator reflects the direct incident solar rad iation onto a receiver mounted above the dish at it s focal point. The conversion of concentrated solar radiation to heat takes place in receiver. The heat transfer characteristics of the receiver changes during the rotation of the receiver which affects thermal performance. The working temperature may also influence the ther mal performance and overall efficiency of the system. Thermal as well as optica l losses affect the performance of a solar paraboli c dish-cavity receiver system. The thermal losses of a solar cavity receiver include c onvective and radiative losses to the air in the ca vity and conductive heat loss through the insulation used behind the helical tube surface. Convective and radiative heat losses form the major constituents of the thermal losses. The convection heat loss from cavit y receiver in parabolic dish solar thermal power sy stem can significantly reduce the efficiency and consequently the cost effectiveness of the system. It is important to assess this heat loss and subsequently improve the thermal performance of the receiver.
Thermal Storage Comparison for Variable Basement Kinds of a Solar Chimney Pro...Waqas Tariq
A solar updraft tower power plant ‘solar tower’ is a solar thermal power plant utilizing a combination of solar air collector and central updraft tube to generate an induced convective flow which drives pressure staged turbines to generate electricity. The issue of this paper is to present practical results of prototype of a solar chimney with thermal mass, where the glass surface is replaced by transparence plastic cover. The study focused on chimney\'s basements kind effect on collected air temperatures. Three basements were used, concrete, black concrete and black pebbles basements. The study was conducted in Baghdad from August to November 2010. The results show that the best chimney efficiency attained was 49.7% for pebbles base. The highest collected air temperature reached was 49ºC when using the black pebbles basement also. Also, the maximum basement temperature measured was 59ºC for black pebbles. High increments in collected air temperatures were achieved compared to ambient air temperatures for the three basements kind. The highest temperature difference reached was 22ºC with the pebble ground.
basic renewable energy for Engineering Studentspankajnavale25
Renewables energy and basics by expert faculty at Government Institute and Engineering College from India. Better understanding best notes that one can. See.
Modeling Of Flat Plate Collector by Using Hybrid TechniqueIOSR Journals
(SWH) are becoming increasingly attractive in sustainable development. Hence the Efforts continuously made here is to reduce their costs to make them more affordable. Solar energy has experienced a remarkable development in recent years because of cost reduction due to technological development as well as renewable energy scheme supported by the government. The process of using sun’s energy to heat water is not a new technology. (SWH) technology has improved a lot during the past century. The primary method of energy transport in solar energy from sun is electromagnetic radiation .This type of radiation coming from the Sun also depends on temperature. The Sun generates electromagnetic radiation in extensive span of wavelengths. However, most of the radiation is being sent out in the observable range due to its surface temperature. The amount of solar energy received in a particular region depends on the time of the day, the season of the year, the sky’s cloudiness, and how closeness of Earth’s equator. For modeling we utilized Genetic algorithm and for prediction we employed hybrid ABC and PSO techniques. Genetic algorithm is utilized in order to optimize the modeling technique by using the dataset collected.
PREDICTING OF ENERGY PRODUCTION OF SOLAR TOWER BASED ON THE STUDY OF THE COSI...IAEME Publication
The concentrated solar energy is one of the most important forms of solar energy
exploitation, which will play a key role in the future energy in the world and especially in
Jordan. In this investigation, cosine efficiency is investigated to consider when planning
the field arrangement of the heliostats in a solar power tower plant. If the power plant
within the northern hemisphere, a heliostat to the south of the tower is less effective than
a heliostat to the north of the tower. This work illustrates this concept
PROTOTYPE OF A SMALL (SOLAR-WIND) HYBRID POWER PLANTIAEME Publication
Non-renewable sources of electricity are currently running low, so alternative
energy sources are needed, such as renewable energy that is environmentally friendly,
relatively inexpensive, carbon neutral, for example, hybrid wind power plants with
solar energy. This study aims to make a prototype of a hybrid wind power plant with
solar energy as an alternative energy source. The implementation method is done by
making prototypes of wind power plants and solar power plants. Furthermore, the two
plants are combined and are commonly called hybrid systems. This research was
conducted at the Electrical Engineering Laboratory, Paulus Indonesia Christian
University, Makassar. The results of the study were obtained for each 120W power
plant (PLTB), 100W Solar Power Plant (PLTS). Thus the maximum power produced
by the hybrid system is ± 220 W
Modeling Of a Bucket Air Cooler by Using Solar EnergyIJMER
In a conventional energy sources day to day decreasing in their energy levels. Going green and conservation as much energy as possible has become the focal point in their eyes of the world. There are many sources of energy available to us that will conserve our natural resources and decrease on harmful emissions that are destroying our environment. Many energy sources available in world like
hydro electrical, thermal, mechanical, solar, tidal, bio gas, wave, wind, geothermal, ocean thermal energy. Many incentives are now available to individuals and industries who implement the use of this ecofriendly environment through in this direction we are selected solar energy is main sources.Our design and construction of a bucket air cooler by using solar energy is new alternative to
conventional energy sources. We set out to create an air cooler that does not create any harmful
emissions in environment and provide no pollution in the surrounding. The solar power as the main energy sources to help in the project work. It is providing to cooling the enclosed space and also measured the temperature levels of before and after in absorbed enclosed space.
STUDY OF SOLAR THERMAL CAVITY RECEIVER FOR PARABOLIC CONCENTRATING COLLECTOR ijiert bestjournal
Energy is one of the building blocks of the country . The growth of the country has been fueled by chea p,abundant energy resources. Solar energy is a form of renewable ener gy which is available abundantly and collected unre servedly. The parabolic concentrator reflects the direct incident solar rad iation onto a receiver mounted above the dish at it s focal point. The conversion of concentrated solar radiation to heat takes place in receiver. The heat transfer characteristics of the receiver changes during the rotation of the receiver which affects thermal performance. The working temperature may also influence the ther mal performance and overall efficiency of the system. Thermal as well as optica l losses affect the performance of a solar paraboli c dish-cavity receiver system. The thermal losses of a solar cavity receiver include c onvective and radiative losses to the air in the ca vity and conductive heat loss through the insulation used behind the helical tube surface. Convective and radiative heat losses form the major constituents of the thermal losses. The convection heat loss from cavit y receiver in parabolic dish solar thermal power sy stem can significantly reduce the efficiency and consequently the cost effectiveness of the system. It is important to assess this heat loss and subsequently improve the thermal performance of the receiver.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Prevalence, biochemical and hematological study of diabetic patients
renewable and non conventional energy.pptx
1. Solar Irradiance And Its Impact For
Installation Of Solar Collector Name: Subhadip Ghosh
University Roll Number: 11701620012
Year & Semester: 3rd year (5th Sem)
Paper Name: Renewable & Non-Conventional energy
Paper Code: PE-EE 501C
CO Number : CO2, CO5, CO6
Module Number: 2
Bloom's Level of Taxonomy : Understanding, Applying
RCC Institute of Information Technology
Subject: B.Tech in Electrical Engineering
Continuous Assessment -1(CA1)
Academic Session: 2022-23 (Odd Sem)
2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• SOLAR IRRADIANCE
• DIAGRAMATIC REPRESENTATION
• SOLAR COLLECTOR
• INSTALLATION EMPACT ON SOLAR COLLECTOR
DUE TO SOLAR IRRADIANCE
• CONCLUSION
3. INTRODUCTION:
SOLAR IRRADIANCE
(1) Solar energy is referred to as renewable and/or sustainable energy
because it will be available as long as the Sun continues to shine.
(2) Our sun is an excellent source of radiant energy. Solar irradiance is
the power per unit area received from the Sun in the form of
electromagnetic radiation as measured in the wavelength range of the
measuring instrument. Solar irradiance is measured in watts per square
metre (W/m2) in SI units.
(3) Irradiance may be measured in space or at the Earth's surface after
atmospheric absorption and scattering. Irradiance in space is a function
of distance from the Sun, the solar cycle, and cross-cycle changes.
Irradiance on the Earth's surface additionally depends on the tilt of the
measuring surface, the height of the sun above the horizon, and
atmospheric conditions. Solar irradiance affects plant metabolism and
animal behavior.
4. Solar Irraiance
. There are three basic types of solar irradiance:
(i) Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI)
(ii) Diffuse-Scatted
(iii) Reflected short wavelength (solar) radiation
from other surfaces.
5. SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTORS
(1) A solar collector is an object that is used to collect energy from the sun,
which it does by absorbing solar radiation and converting it into heat or
electricity. The material type and coating on a solar collector are used to
maximize solar energy absorption.
(2) Collectors are the starting point for the conversion of sunlight into energy.
They must be designed to efficiently concentrate light while minimizing
fabrication, installation, and operating costs.
(3) A material like aluminum is chosen, as it can absorb heat well.
Solar Collector Efficiency Analysis:
The higher intensity of the irradiance received, then the efficiency of the
collector will also be higher. The slight deviation in the image (for
variations collector covered 100%), which occurred at 9:05 a.m., 11:05
a.m., and 12:05 p.m. is due to the weather factor (cloudy). Overall, the
average efficiency of each of the various openings solar collector that is
open 100% .
6. INSTALLATION EMPACT ON
SOLAR COLLECTOR DUE TO
SOLAR IRRADIANCE:
(1) Let us understand this through a study on the effect of solar collector opening and solar
radiation on thermal efficiency.
(2) During the research, the solar irradiance and temperature of collector are
measured and recorded every five minutes.
(3) Temperature measurement performed on the surface of the absorber
plate, inside of collector, surface cover and the outer side insulator
(plywood). This data is used to calculate the heat loss due to conduction,
convection and radiation on the collector.
(4) The collector thermal efficiency calculated based on the ratio of the
amount of heat received to the solar irradiance absorbed. The results show
that each of openings solar collector has different solar irradiance (because
it was done on a different day) which is in units of W/m2.
(5) These indicate that the efficiency of the collector was influenced by solar
irradiance received by the collector and openings of the collector plate.
7. Conclusion:
S olar power is an immense source of directly useable energy and ultimately
creates other energy resources: biomass, wind, hydropower and wave energy.
M ost of the E arth's surface receives sufficient solar energy to permit low-grade
heating of water and buildings, although there are large variations with latitude
and season. At low latitudes, simple mirror devices can concentrate solar energy
sufficiently for cooking and even for driving steam turbines.
T he energy of light shifts electrons in some semiconducting materials. T his
photovoltaic effect is capable of large-scale electricity generation. H owever, the
present low efficiency of solar P V cells demands very large areas to supply
electricity demands.
D irect use of solar energy is the only renewable means capable of ultimately
supplanting current global energy supply from non-renewable sources, but at the
ex pense of a land area of at least half a million km2 .
S olar irradiance is one of the major factor playing a crucial role in the
installation of solar collector as the absorbpution of the heat by the solar
collector is depending on the solar irradiance as justified earlier.
