4. What is 4G?
• 4G is a IP-based heterogeneous
network
• It allows users to access data
independently from an in-use device and
will be secure and reliable, allowing for
use of the best connection in the
immediate vicinity
• It provides seamless roaming
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5. The “ten
views” of 4G*
*source: CSTL 4G white paper
Wireles
s
wirelin
e
New
networ
k
Strict
generati
on
New air
interfac
e
Technol
ogy
trends
Cost
reducti
on
Higher
bit
rates
User
service
s
Service
provide
rs
Wireles
s
Interne
t
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6. Requirements:
Increased Peak
data rates
Downlink peak data rate of 100 Mb/s within a 20 MHz bandwidth.
Uplink peak data rate of 50 Mb/s within a 20MHz bandwidth
Capacity Up to 200 active users in a cell (5 MHz)
Spectrum
flexibility
Scalable bandwidth up to 20 MHz, covering 1.25 MHz, 1.6MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5
MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz and 20 MHz
Improved
spectrum
efficiency
An increase in spectral efficiency of two to four times that of HSPA Release 6
Reduced
Latency
Reduced latency to 10 msec round-trip time between user equipment and the
base station and to less than 100 msec transition time from inactive to active.
Less than 5 ms user-plane latency.
Mobility Optimized for 0 ~ 15 km/h.
15 ~ 120 km/h supported with high performance.
Supported up to 350km/h or even up to 500 km/h
Coverage: Performance should be met for 5 km cells with slight degradation for 30 km
cells. Up to 100 km cells not precluded.
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10. LTE
• LTE, or Long Term Evolution, is a standard used in 4G
• LTE is a new radio access technology (called E-UTRAN)
which uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
(OFDMA) on the downlink and Single Carrier Frequency
Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) on the uplink
• LTE is part of the GSM evolutionary path beyond 3G,
following EDGE, UMTS/WCDMA, and HSPA (HSDPA and
HSUPA combined)
• LTE assumes a full Internet Protocol (IP) network
architecture and is designed to support voice in the packet
domain
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11. • Domain of 4G extends beyond 1G, 2G, and 3G
> 2 Mbps in a wide-area mobile system (> 20 Mbps peak)
• Could coexist with 2G and 3G
• 4G is not necessarily defined by the bit rate, but by a significant advance in
system capability beyond what can be achieved with 3G
Data Rate
Coverage
Area,
Mobility
Macro cell,
High Mobility
Microcell,
Limited Mobility
Fixed Access
64kbps 2Mbps 200Mbps
P-MP (LMDS)
Milli-wave LAN
2G
WLA
N
4G3G
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13. 4G Architecture Implications on
Security:
▫ Flat architecture: RAN protocols terminate
in eNB
▫ Interworking with legacy and non-3GPP
networks
▫ Allowing eNB placement in un-trusted
locations
▫ New business environments with less
trusted networks involved
▫ Trying to keep security breaches as local
as possible
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14. Security Architecture Necessities:
▫ Extended Authentication and Key
Agreement
▫ More complex key hierarchy
▫ More complex interworking security
▫ Additional security for eNB(compared to
NB/BTS/RNC)
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15. Possible Threats that are avoided
▫ Spoofing
▫ Eavesdropping
▫ Phishing
▫ SIP registration hijacking
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16. 4G System Research Areas
Adaptive
Antennas for
Broadband
Broadband
Air Interface
Research
Broadband
Implementations
4G System Design
16
17. 4G Air Interface Characteristics
oHigher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps < peak < 200
Mbps)
oHigher spectral efficiency and lower cost per bit
than 3G.
oSmaller cells, on average, than 3G.
oHigher frequency band than 3G.
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18. Conclusion :
• 4G provide with a very efficient and
reliable wireless communication system for
seamless roaming over various network
including internet which uses IP network.
• Security development has no ending;
new threats and attacks shall rise as the
standards and technologies get realized.
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