4. What is 4G?
• 4G is a IP-based heterogeneous
network
• It allows users to access data
independently from an in-use device and
will be secure and reliable, allowing for
use of the best connection in the
immediate vicinity
• It provides seamless roaming
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5. The “ten
views” of 4G*
*source: CSTL 4G white paper
Wireles
s
wirelin
e
New
networ
k
Strict
generati
on
New air
interfac
e
Technol
ogy
trends
Cost
reducti
on
Higher
bit
rates
User
service
s
Service
provide
rs
Wireles
s
Interne
t
5
6. Requirements:
Increased Peak
data rates
Downlink peak data rate of 100 Mb/s within a 20 MHz bandwidth.
Uplink peak data rate of 50 Mb/s within a 20MHz bandwidth
Capacity Up to 200 active users in a cell (5 MHz)
Spectrum
flexibility
Scalable bandwidth up to 20 MHz, covering 1.25 MHz, 1.6MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5
MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz and 20 MHz
Improved
spectrum
efficiency
An increase in spectral efficiency of two to four times that of HSPA Release 6
Reduced
Latency
Reduced latency to 10 msec round-trip time between user equipment and the
base station and to less than 100 msec transition time from inactive to active.
Less than 5 ms user-plane latency.
Mobility Optimized for 0 ~ 15 km/h.
15 ~ 120 km/h supported with high performance.
Supported up to 350km/h or even up to 500 km/h
Coverage: Performance should be met for 5 km cells with slight degradation for 30 km
cells. Up to 100 km cells not precluded.
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10. LTE
• LTE, or Long Term Evolution, is a standard used in 4G
• LTE is a new radio access technology (called E-UTRAN)
which uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
(OFDMA) on the downlink and Single Carrier Frequency
Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) on the uplink
• LTE is part of the GSM evolutionary path beyond 3G,
following EDGE, UMTS/WCDMA, and HSPA (HSDPA and
HSUPA combined)
• LTE assumes a full Internet Protocol (IP) network
architecture and is designed to support voice in the packet
domain
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11. • Domain of 4G extends beyond 1G, 2G, and 3G
> 2 Mbps in a wide-area mobile system (> 20 Mbps peak)
• Could coexist with 2G and 3G
• 4G is not necessarily defined by the bit rate, but by a significant advance in
system capability beyond what can be achieved with 3G
Data Rate
Coverage
Area,
Mobility
Macro cell,
High Mobility
Microcell,
Limited Mobility
Fixed Access
64kbps 2Mbps 200Mbps
P-MP (LMDS)
Milli-wave LAN
2G
WLA
N
4G3G
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13. 4G Architecture Implications on
Security:
▫ Flat architecture: RAN protocols terminate
in eNB
▫ Interworking with legacy and non-3GPP
networks
▫ Allowing eNB placement in un-trusted
locations
▫ New business environments with less
trusted networks involved
▫ Trying to keep security breaches as local
as possible
13
14. Security Architecture Necessities:
▫ Extended Authentication and Key
Agreement
▫ More complex key hierarchy
▫ More complex interworking security
▫ Additional security for eNB(compared to
NB/BTS/RNC)
14
15. Possible Threats that are avoided
▫ Spoofing
▫ Eavesdropping
▫ Phishing
▫ SIP registration hijacking
15
16. 4G System Research Areas
Adaptive
Antennas for
Broadband
Broadband
Air Interface
Research
Broadband
Implementations
4G System Design
16
17. 4G Air Interface Characteristics
oHigher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps < peak < 200
Mbps)
oHigher spectral efficiency and lower cost per bit
than 3G.
oSmaller cells, on average, than 3G.
oHigher frequency band than 3G.
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18. Conclusion :
• 4G provide with a very efficient and
reliable wireless communication system for
seamless roaming over various network
including internet which uses IP network.
• Security development has no ending;
new threats and attacks shall rise as the
standards and technologies get realized.
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