The document outlines LTE, 4G networks, and discusses technologies beyond 4G including 5G. It defines LTE and its key specifications. 4G is defined as supporting speeds up to 100Mbps for mobile and 1Gbps for stationary devices. Features of 4G networks include being fully IP-based, higher bandwidths, and support for new applications. Challenges in 4G include accessing different networks and managing terminal mobility across networks through location and handoff management. 5G is envisioned to provide even faster data rates and complete wireless communication with high performance.

1. Outline
•LTE
•What is LTE
•Key LTE specifications
•LTE benefits in a nutshell
•4G
•What is 4G
•Evolution of 4G
•Whats new in 4G
•Features of 4G networks
•3G vs 4G
•Challenges in 4G infrastructure
• SWOT analysis of 4G
•Beyond 4G
•Viewing beyond 4G (5G)
•5G super core architecture
•Key challenges in 5G super core architecture

3. What is LTE
• Marketed as 4G LTE
• Specification managed by 3GPP organization
– 3rd Generation Partnership Project
– Scope to create global 3G spec based on GSM
architecture
– UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephone System) Rel 9
– HSPDA (High Speed Download Packet Access) Rel 5
– HSPUA (Upload Access) Rel 6
– HSPA+ Rel 7, enhancements in Rel 8-10
• New LTE specification in Release 8, 4G Scope

4. Key LTE specifications

5. LTE benefits in a nutshell
Higher Speeds Low latency Faster downloads Simpler networks
More capacity New services Differentiation
Greater End-User Experience

7. What is 4G
• 4th Generation of Mobile communications
– First Gen Analog, AMPS
– 2G, Digital, Increased Voice Capacity- TDMA, GSM & 1xRTT
– 3G High Speed Data; EVDO, UMTS, HSPA
• ITU defines 4G as 100 Mbps mobile, 1 Gbps stationary
– LTE-Advanced & WiMax 2.0 4G certified, theoretically
capable
• Market 4G defined as ~10X 3G
• Current gen WiMax & LTE
• Commercially released in India in April 2012 in Kolkata

8. Evolution of 4G

9. What's New in 4G?
• Entirely packet-switched networks
• All network elements are digital
• Higher bandwidths (up to 100Mbps mobile
and 1Gbps stationary)
• Tight network security

10. Features of 4G Networks
• 4G networks are all-IP
(Internet Protocol) based
heterogeneous networks
• This will allow users to:
– Select any system at any
time and any where
– Use Multiple systems at
the same time (e.g. GPS
and WLANs and CDMA)
• A wide range of applications
using only one 4G integrated
terminal

11. Physical layer transmission techniques of 4G
• MIMO: ultra high spectral efficiency
• Frequency-domain-equalization (OFDM or SC-FDE) : exploit the
frequency selective channel property
• Frequency-domain statistical multiplexing (OFDMA and SC-FDMA) :
Variable bit rates
• Turbo principle error-correcting codes: minimizes required SNR at
receiver

12. 3G vs. 4G
3G (including 2.5G) 4G
Major Requirement Driving Predominantly voice driven - Converged data(video) and voice
Architecture data was always add on over IP
Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid - Integration of Wireless LAN
(WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area
Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode
Frequency Band Dependent on country or Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)
continent (1800-2400 MHz)
Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)
Switching Design Basis Circuit and Packet All digital with packetized voice
Access Technologies W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier
CDMA)
Forward Error Correction Convolution rate 1/2, 1/3 Concatenated coding scheme
Component Design Optimized antenna design, multi-band adapters Smarter
multi-band adapters Antennas, software multiband and
wideband radios
IP A number of air link protocols, All IP (IP6.0)
including IPv4

13. Challenges in 4G infrastructure
– Accessing Different Networks
• Multimode Devices
• Overlay Network
– Terminal Mobility
• Location Management
• Handoff Management

14. 4G Wireless Networks Challenges
First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks
• Accessing several and different mobile and wireless
networks
• Two possible architectures
– Multimode Devices
– Overlay Network

15. First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks
1. Multimode Devices Architecture
 A single physical terminal with
multiple interfaces to access the
different wireless networks
 Advantages:
 Improve call completion
 Expand coverage area
 Reliable coverage in case of
network, link or switch failure
 Disadvantages:
 Complexity in the hardware of
the device
 Handoff Mechanism:
Performed by the user, device or
network

16. First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks
2. Overlay Network Architecture
 A user accesses an overlay network
consisting of several UAPs
 UAPs Functions:
 Select a wireless network based on
availability and user choices
 Store IPs of user, network and
devices
 Advantages:
 Simplify hardware of device
 Supports single billing
 Disadvantages:
 More network devices
 Handoff Mechanism between UAPs:
Performed by overlay network rather
than the user or device

17. 4G Wireless Networks Challenges
Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility
• Wireless services at any time and anywhere: terminal
mobility
• Terminal mobility: mobile clients roam across
geographical boundaries of the wireless networks
• There are two main issues in terminal mobility:
– location management
– handoff management

18. SWOT analysis of 4G
STRENGTHS IN 4G
Compatible installed base and past
investments
Faster data transmission and higher
bit rate and bandwidth
Seamless network of multiple
protocols and air interfaces

19. SWOT analysis of 4G
WEAKNESS IN 4G
Expensive.
Battery uses are more
Hard to implement
Need complicated hardware

20. SWOT analysis of 4G
OPPORTUNITIES IN 4G
Capitalizing on past investments
More applications of e-commerce
and m-commerce
Desirable higher data capacity
rates, the growth opportunity for
4G is very bright and hopeful

21. SWOT analysis of 4G
THREATS IN 4G
Faster rate of growth and
developments in other region
3G mobiles are still in
market

22. What will the world want from wireless by 2020?

23. Viewing beyond 4G (5G)
Faster data rates than previous generations
Complete wireless communication with
almost no limitation
Multi media newspaper, watch TV programs
with clarity of HDTV.
Real world wireless i.e. “WWWW: World
Wide Wireless Web”

24. 5G Super Core Architecture

25. Key challenges in 5G super core architecture
Integration of various standards (3GPP, ITU,
IETF etc.)
A common governing body
A convenient common platform
High redundancy requirement