Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
@TransformSoc
Probing Our
Future
Ray Gallon
Neus Lorenzo
http://www.historytoday.com/sites/default/files/telescope.jpg
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
What happens when you put 14
experts in a room and you ask them...?
What’s your superpower?
You get clever questions!
And yours?
h.p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pietro_Longhi_021.jpg
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
An on-going research project
Workshop	
Webinar	
White	
Paper	
	Twi.er	Chat	
Blog	Post
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Superpowers Reveal
Underlying Needs
  Organizational change –
adaptation, new ways of working,
institutional and industrial change,
new channels for delivering
information, new collaboration styles
  Simplifying – seeing beyond the
obvious, solving confusion, finding
the essential, desire to go farther.
  Flying – quick thinking, creativity,
and adaptability, joy, fun, open
space, overview.
  Time Travel – change, the ability to
remake things, accuracy, catch up,
quantity of work.
  Bridging or Transport – contact,
mediating, helping others, mind-
travel, storytelling, problem
management, personal and
organizational improvement.
  Mind reading – collaboration,
networking, breaking down silos,
understanding others,
understanding, self-expression.
  Cost control – financial and social
value, and temporal, personal
investment and organizational
efficiency.
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Aligning Superpowers
to Maslow’s Hierarchy
h.ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Maslow%27s_hierarchy_of_needs.svg/800px-Maslow%27s_hierarchy_of_needs.svg.png	
•  Organizational change
•  Simplifying
•  Flying
•  Time Travelling
•  Bridging
•  Mind reading
•  Cost/Value
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Personal and Collective Priorities
ConnecQvity	
CollaboraQon	
CoordinaQon	
AStudes	
EmoQons	
MoQvaQons	
Feedback
h.p://core0.staQcworld.net/images/arQcle/2015/12/customer-feedback-ts-100634078-primary.idge.jpg	
Context sensing
Geolocation
Multilingualism
Motion sensing
Biometric sensing
Augmented Reality
Emotional intelligence
Environmental controls
Artificial intelligence
User communities
Etc.
Agile workflow
Group working spaces
Internationalization
Networking
Big data
Internet of Things
Multichannel
Transmedia
Organizational culture
Etc.
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Labour Market Needs
h.ps://pbs.twimg.com/media/CtYLIUtWcAEGrhx.jpg:large
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Do we add cost or value to our
products? How?
Hard costs/Subjective Values
h.ps://steemit.com/bitcoin/@kierkeguardian/why-bitcoin-is-not-fiat
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Possible Answers
  Control costs by quickly identifying and limiting
ourselves to key information
  Add social value by answering users’ most
important questions and solving their problems
  Create synergy by finding patterns and
relationships across the entire organization
  Improve organizational efficiency with user
feedback communities
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Challenges – Industry 4.0
h.ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Industry_4.0.png/500px-Industry_4.0.png	
Collaboration:
•  People-people
•  People-machine
•  Machine-machine
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Industry 4.0 – Vision
h.p://image.slidesharecdn.com/industrie4-140923103635-phpapp02/95/industrie-40-preparing-tomorrows-digital-manufacturing-4-638.jpg?cb=1411469144	
Source: Frost & Sullivan
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Growing Transversal Markets
h.ps://www.tracQca.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ARMD-15-chart.jpg
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
h.p://www.bitkom-research.de/WebRoot/Store19/Shops/63742557/MediaGallery/Press/2015/10_Oktober/20151006_Industrie_4.0_EN.jpg	
Industry 4.0 is Already Here
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Get ready to understand other disciplines to
break down silos! Which do we need most?
Tech Comm skills/Right to privacy
Heat mapping
h.ps://blog.kissmetrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/8-baby-face-eye-tracking.jpg
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Mind Reading We can’t do it yet, but
we do have facial recognition!
Feedback: attention and comprehension
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Intensifying Human-Machine Interaction
h.ps://www.dri.co.jp/auto/report/tracQca/images/BIOE-15-chart.jpg
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Context sensing
h.p://1u88jj3r4db2x4txp44yqe1.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/
wp-content/uploads/2014/07/placeus.jpg
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Hey Siri…
What if the answers weren’t canned?
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
How can we help users in more
personalized ways?
Anticipation/Automation
h.ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0nvdiRdehw
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Written procedures
Web FAQ’s
Contextual Help on-click
Context Sensing and
Anticipation
Artificial Intelligence & IoT
Embedded & Automatic
Policies for Safety
Tech Comm Examples
Effectiveness
Excellence
Efficiency
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Driverless cars
Auto companies’ own insurance
Government
Regulation
?
How are you
making me safer,
better, or more
powerful in this
car?
What should the self-driving car do?
translate
analyse
design
deliver
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Empowering Artificial Intelligence
  Extract content from
user’s environment
  Use physical detection
of fatigue or other
states to deliver the
best content for the
moment
  Include haptic
feedback - how hard
they push "return," for
example
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
The role of AI in Personalization
UX Persona As humans we can define a few
generalized personas for our users
With artificial intelligence, we can define
thousands of specific personas defined by:
•  Identified personality traits
•  Geolocation
•  Current emotional state
•  Learning style
•  Date / time / season
•  Gender
•  State of health
•  …
h.ps://www.smashingmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/03-persona-pile-opt.jpg	
With	IBM	Watson	
and	Google	Mind,	
AI	becomes	a	
service
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
From Just in Case
to Just for You
US	Food	and	Drug	AdministraQon	(FDA)	approved	the	first	
implantable	microchip		for	humans	in	2004	
h.p://www.nbcnews.com/id/6237364/ns/health-health_care/t/fda-approves-computer-chip-humans/#.V_C0hfCLTIU
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Do Artificial Intelligence Implants
Make You Uncomfortable?
2014 study
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
How can we optimize the
information life cycle?
Remake/Catch up
h.p://www.aplaceformom.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/8-alzheimers-behaviors-to-track.jpg
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
How to Do This?
  Information composting:
  More sophisticated
governance
  Obsolete information is
broken down
  Still-usable parts are
recycled back into the
system
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Information Composting
  A Nemetic Process
  Notice
  Engage
  Mull
  Exchange
h.ps://s3.amazonaws.com/leafly-s3/content/compost-tea-recipe-and-benefits-for-cannabis/
JSB6jLSuqKSeHiXATu3g_how-to-make-compost-tea-for-cannabis-key-ingredients.jpg
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Data Collection as “Travel”
  A repository handles
info composting
  Must be dynamic
  Also retains
historical information
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Update cycles keep getting shorter.
How do we verify our information?
Think quick/Holistic view
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Agile Information?
  Integrated tools,
including:
  Planning
  Databases
  Internal communication
  Auto-detection of
obsolescence (governance)
  Automate system of needs
detection
h.ps://agileinsights.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/agile_soqware_development_methodology.jpg
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Nimble Information
h.p://tr3.cbsistaQc.com/hub/i/r/2014/05/20/138edb06-117f-4d49-acf8-7a2579e0e393/resize/620x/f9d174bb929bfa8131a93b5e2a736a67/word-
lens-hero.png
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Flying: Holistic View, Multiple Perspectives
h.p://www.spacetoday.org/images/Sats/MilSats/DSCS_SatInSpaceLockheedMarQn.jpg	
h.p://www.fodors.com/ee/files/slideshows/Asheville-Hot-Air-Balloons.jpg	
Glocal - Meso
Global - Macro
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
What can you do to simplify your
content?
Find the essential/Go farther
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Four Ways to Simplify a DVD Remote
Source:
Giles Colborne
CX Partnersh.p://www.slideshare.net/cxpartners/secrets-of-simplicity
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
How Far Can We Go?
  Hand made
  Personalized
  Simple, economic,
practical, low-tech
But…
  Not marketable
  Not standard
h.p://www.jasonmorrison.net/content/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/remote.jpg
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
How can organizations make people
safer, better, or more powerful?
New ways/Adaptation
h.p://carnegiecoach.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/
Depositphotos_15595573_s.jpg
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Organizational Change 2030
Knowledge	building	 Community	building	
h.p://en.unesco.org/sdgs
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Deep Content to Facilitate Structural Change
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Deep Context Creates New Information Offers
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Some organizations are afraid:
•  Security
•  Cost
•  Privacy
•  Legal threats
Communicators need to
diversify for advancement
Practitioners want:
•  Freedom
•  Connectivity & Networking
•  Cloud space
•  Personal career evolution
Fluid information can change
even rigid institutions
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Change and Continuity
http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/65156000/jpg/_65156906_e4480077-rock_art.jpg From the tomb of Seti Ihttp://www.catchpenny.org/images/seti1a.gif
Codex Mendoza, Aztecs.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Mendoza_folio_67r_bottom.jpg
http://d1pax3e3t5tpyh.cloudfront.net/cdn/farfuture/
hRa1E9bcwAEN6qgrB_uBLfvI_VGKAygc570EYyCciyw/mtime:1371722602/sites/default/files/styles/
main_image_857/public/ten_leaders_at_g8_summit__2013.jpg
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
What We Need…
More
questions?
At least until
Thursday.
Real-time chat:
#AdobeChat
#TechComm
Join us at
15:00 BST / 16:00 CEST / 10:00am EDT / 7:00am PDT
@TransformSoc	 Presentation © 2016 The Transformation Society
Twitter: @Transformsoc
Web: www.transformationsociety.net
Thank You!
And thanks to all participants at
the TCUK workshop
Neus Lorenzo: @NewsNeus
Ray Gallon: @RayGallon
See you Thursday, #AdobeChat #TechComm
15:00 BST / 16:00 CEST / 10:00am EDT / 7:00am PDT

Probing Our Future

  • 1.
    Presentation © 2016The Transformation Society @TransformSoc Probing Our Future Ray Gallon Neus Lorenzo http://www.historytoday.com/sites/default/files/telescope.jpg
  • 2.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society What happens when you put 14 experts in a room and you ask them...? What’s your superpower? You get clever questions! And yours? h.p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pietro_Longhi_021.jpg
  • 3.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society An on-going research project Workshop Webinar White Paper Twi.er Chat Blog Post
  • 4.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Superpowers Reveal Underlying Needs   Organizational change – adaptation, new ways of working, institutional and industrial change, new channels for delivering information, new collaboration styles   Simplifying – seeing beyond the obvious, solving confusion, finding the essential, desire to go farther.   Flying – quick thinking, creativity, and adaptability, joy, fun, open space, overview.   Time Travel – change, the ability to remake things, accuracy, catch up, quantity of work.   Bridging or Transport – contact, mediating, helping others, mind- travel, storytelling, problem management, personal and organizational improvement.   Mind reading – collaboration, networking, breaking down silos, understanding others, understanding, self-expression.   Cost control – financial and social value, and temporal, personal investment and organizational efficiency.
  • 5.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Aligning Superpowers to Maslow’s Hierarchy h.ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Maslow%27s_hierarchy_of_needs.svg/800px-Maslow%27s_hierarchy_of_needs.svg.png •  Organizational change •  Simplifying •  Flying •  Time Travelling •  Bridging •  Mind reading •  Cost/Value
  • 6.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Personal and Collective Priorities ConnecQvity CollaboraQon CoordinaQon AStudes EmoQons MoQvaQons Feedback h.p://core0.staQcworld.net/images/arQcle/2015/12/customer-feedback-ts-100634078-primary.idge.jpg Context sensing Geolocation Multilingualism Motion sensing Biometric sensing Augmented Reality Emotional intelligence Environmental controls Artificial intelligence User communities Etc. Agile workflow Group working spaces Internationalization Networking Big data Internet of Things Multichannel Transmedia Organizational culture Etc.
  • 7.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Labour Market Needs h.ps://pbs.twimg.com/media/CtYLIUtWcAEGrhx.jpg:large
  • 8.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Do we add cost or value to our products? How? Hard costs/Subjective Values h.ps://steemit.com/bitcoin/@kierkeguardian/why-bitcoin-is-not-fiat
  • 9.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Possible Answers   Control costs by quickly identifying and limiting ourselves to key information   Add social value by answering users’ most important questions and solving their problems   Create synergy by finding patterns and relationships across the entire organization   Improve organizational efficiency with user feedback communities
  • 10.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Challenges – Industry 4.0 h.ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Industry_4.0.png/500px-Industry_4.0.png Collaboration: •  People-people •  People-machine •  Machine-machine
  • 11.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Industry 4.0 – Vision h.p://image.slidesharecdn.com/industrie4-140923103635-phpapp02/95/industrie-40-preparing-tomorrows-digital-manufacturing-4-638.jpg?cb=1411469144 Source: Frost & Sullivan
  • 12.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Growing Transversal Markets h.ps://www.tracQca.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ARMD-15-chart.jpg
  • 13.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society h.p://www.bitkom-research.de/WebRoot/Store19/Shops/63742557/MediaGallery/Press/2015/10_Oktober/20151006_Industrie_4.0_EN.jpg Industry 4.0 is Already Here
  • 14.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Get ready to understand other disciplines to break down silos! Which do we need most? Tech Comm skills/Right to privacy Heat mapping h.ps://blog.kissmetrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/8-baby-face-eye-tracking.jpg
  • 15.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Mind Reading We can’t do it yet, but we do have facial recognition! Feedback: attention and comprehension
  • 16.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Intensifying Human-Machine Interaction h.ps://www.dri.co.jp/auto/report/tracQca/images/BIOE-15-chart.jpg
  • 17.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Context sensing h.p://1u88jj3r4db2x4txp44yqe1.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/ wp-content/uploads/2014/07/placeus.jpg
  • 18.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Hey Siri… What if the answers weren’t canned?
  • 19.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society How can we help users in more personalized ways? Anticipation/Automation h.ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0nvdiRdehw
  • 20.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Written procedures Web FAQ’s Contextual Help on-click Context Sensing and Anticipation Artificial Intelligence & IoT Embedded & Automatic Policies for Safety Tech Comm Examples Effectiveness Excellence Efficiency
  • 21.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Driverless cars Auto companies’ own insurance Government Regulation ? How are you making me safer, better, or more powerful in this car? What should the self-driving car do? translate analyse design deliver
  • 22.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Empowering Artificial Intelligence   Extract content from user’s environment   Use physical detection of fatigue or other states to deliver the best content for the moment   Include haptic feedback - how hard they push "return," for example
  • 23.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society The role of AI in Personalization UX Persona As humans we can define a few generalized personas for our users With artificial intelligence, we can define thousands of specific personas defined by: •  Identified personality traits •  Geolocation •  Current emotional state •  Learning style •  Date / time / season •  Gender •  State of health •  … h.ps://www.smashingmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/03-persona-pile-opt.jpg With IBM Watson and Google Mind, AI becomes a service
  • 24.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society From Just in Case to Just for You US Food and Drug AdministraQon (FDA) approved the first implantable microchip for humans in 2004 h.p://www.nbcnews.com/id/6237364/ns/health-health_care/t/fda-approves-computer-chip-humans/#.V_C0hfCLTIU
  • 25.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Do Artificial Intelligence Implants Make You Uncomfortable? 2014 study
  • 26.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society How can we optimize the information life cycle? Remake/Catch up h.p://www.aplaceformom.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/8-alzheimers-behaviors-to-track.jpg
  • 27.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society How to Do This?   Information composting:   More sophisticated governance   Obsolete information is broken down   Still-usable parts are recycled back into the system
  • 28.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Information Composting   A Nemetic Process   Notice   Engage   Mull   Exchange h.ps://s3.amazonaws.com/leafly-s3/content/compost-tea-recipe-and-benefits-for-cannabis/ JSB6jLSuqKSeHiXATu3g_how-to-make-compost-tea-for-cannabis-key-ingredients.jpg
  • 29.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Data Collection as “Travel”   A repository handles info composting   Must be dynamic   Also retains historical information
  • 30.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Update cycles keep getting shorter. How do we verify our information? Think quick/Holistic view
  • 31.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Agile Information?   Integrated tools, including:   Planning   Databases   Internal communication   Auto-detection of obsolescence (governance)   Automate system of needs detection h.ps://agileinsights.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/agile_soqware_development_methodology.jpg
  • 32.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Nimble Information h.p://tr3.cbsistaQc.com/hub/i/r/2014/05/20/138edb06-117f-4d49-acf8-7a2579e0e393/resize/620x/f9d174bb929bfa8131a93b5e2a736a67/word- lens-hero.png
  • 33.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Flying: Holistic View, Multiple Perspectives h.p://www.spacetoday.org/images/Sats/MilSats/DSCS_SatInSpaceLockheedMarQn.jpg h.p://www.fodors.com/ee/files/slideshows/Asheville-Hot-Air-Balloons.jpg Glocal - Meso Global - Macro
  • 34.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society What can you do to simplify your content? Find the essential/Go farther
  • 35.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Four Ways to Simplify a DVD Remote Source: Giles Colborne CX Partnersh.p://www.slideshare.net/cxpartners/secrets-of-simplicity
  • 36.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society How Far Can We Go?   Hand made   Personalized   Simple, economic, practical, low-tech But…   Not marketable   Not standard h.p://www.jasonmorrison.net/content/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/remote.jpg
  • 37.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society How can organizations make people safer, better, or more powerful? New ways/Adaptation h.p://carnegiecoach.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ Depositphotos_15595573_s.jpg
  • 38.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Organizational Change 2030 Knowledge building Community building h.p://en.unesco.org/sdgs
  • 39.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Deep Content to Facilitate Structural Change
  • 40.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Deep Context Creates New Information Offers
  • 41.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Some organizations are afraid: •  Security •  Cost •  Privacy •  Legal threats Communicators need to diversify for advancement Practitioners want: •  Freedom •  Connectivity & Networking •  Cloud space •  Personal career evolution Fluid information can change even rigid institutions
  • 42.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Change and Continuity http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/65156000/jpg/_65156906_e4480077-rock_art.jpg From the tomb of Seti Ihttp://www.catchpenny.org/images/seti1a.gif Codex Mendoza, Aztecs. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Mendoza_folio_67r_bottom.jpg http://d1pax3e3t5tpyh.cloudfront.net/cdn/farfuture/ hRa1E9bcwAEN6qgrB_uBLfvI_VGKAygc570EYyCciyw/mtime:1371722602/sites/default/files/styles/ main_image_857/public/ten_leaders_at_g8_summit__2013.jpg
  • 43.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society What We Need… More questions? At least until Thursday. Real-time chat: #AdobeChat #TechComm Join us at 15:00 BST / 16:00 CEST / 10:00am EDT / 7:00am PDT
  • 44.
    @TransformSoc Presentation ©2016 The Transformation Society Twitter: @Transformsoc Web: www.transformationsociety.net Thank You! And thanks to all participants at the TCUK workshop Neus Lorenzo: @NewsNeus Ray Gallon: @RayGallon See you Thursday, #AdobeChat #TechComm 15:00 BST / 16:00 CEST / 10:00am EDT / 7:00am PDT