1. Spanish 3 Grammar Concepts Sancho Flynn

2. Table of Contents 1. El Pretérito 2. PreteriteTriggers 3. Car, Gar, Zars 4. SpockVerbs 5. Snake Verbs 6. SnakeyVerbs 7. CucharachaIrregulars and Triggers 8. El Imperfecto 9. ImperfectTriggers 10. ImperfectIrregulars 11. Preterite vs. Imperfect 12. Ser vs. Estar 13. Verbs Like Gustar 14. Comparatives/Superlatives 15. Transition Words 16. El Futuro 17. Future Irregulars 18. Future Trigger Words 19. Por 20. Para

3. El Pretérito Has a fixed point and time Has a beginning and end Events that happen a specific number of times Events that were part of a chain of events Used for sudden changes in mood, feelings, or emotions -ar verbs -er /-ir verbs -é -amos -í -imos -aste -asteis -iste -isteis -ió -ieron -ó -aron

4. Preterite Trigger Words There are many triggers words that make it a little easier to distinguish when the preterite is being used including: Ayer, después, el mespasado, entonces, anoche, and el otrodía

5. Car, Gar, Zars -car verbs -gar verbs -qué -camos -gué -gamos -gaste -gasteis -caste -casteis -gó -garon -có -caron -zar verbs -cé -zamos -zaste -zasteis -zó -zaron

6. Spock Verbs dar and ver -imos -í ser and ir -iste -isteis fui fuimos -ió -ieron fuiste fuisteis ir dar fue fueron ser ver hacer hice hicimos hiciste hicisteis hacer hizo hicieron

7. Snake Verbs Irregular preterites that change only in 3rd person (he, she, it) Verbs change from e-i or o-u An example for e-i would be decir which changes to dij- An example for o-u would be dormir which changes durm-

8. Snakey Verbs Like Snake Verbs, Snakey Verbs also change only in 3rd person Verbs change from i-y or e-y An example for i-y would be oír which changes to oy- An example for e-y would be leer which changes to ley-

10. Estar- estuv

11. Poder- pud

12. Poner- pus

13. Querer- quis

14. Saber- sup

15. Tener- tuv

16. Venir- vin-e -imos -iste -isteis All end in: -o -ieron

17. El Imperfecto Actions that were repeated habitually For telling time For stating one’s age For mental states (usually) For physical sensations (usually) To describe the characteristics of people, things or conditions For actions that “set the stage” for another past action -er/-ir verbs -ar verbs -íamos -aba -ábamos -ía -ías -íais -abas -abais -ía -ían -aba -aban

18. Imperfect Trigger Words There are a variety of imperfect trigger words including: a veces, a menudo, mientras, muchasveces, todos los días, and cadadía

19. Imperfect Irregulars As shown below, ser, ir, and ver are all examples of irregular imperfect verbs ser ir era éramos iba íbamos eras erais ibas ibais era eran iba iban ver veía veíamos veías veíais veía veían

20. Preterite vs. Imperfect

21. Ser vs. Estar Ser is associated with the acronym DOCTOR PED which stands for: D: description O: origin C: characteristics T: time O: occupation R: relationship P: possession E: events D: dates Estar is associated with the acronym HELPING which stands for: H: health E: emotions L: location P: present condition I N G

22. Verbs Like Gustar Some verbs like gustar are: Encantar: to love Molestar: to bother Faltar: to lack Fascinar: to fascinate Apetecer: to wish for Disgustar: to disgust Interesar: to interest

23. Comparatives/Superlatives The formula for comparatives and superlatives are: más + adjective + que (más meaning more and que meaning than) Same thing for less than which is menos + adjective + que Other words for comparatives/superlatives are: Tan como (as…as), tantocomo (as much as), and el más There are four irregulars in bueno, viejo, malo, and joven bueno mejorviejo  mayor malo  peorjoven  menor

24. Transition Words

25. El Futuro Infinitive + ending I, You, He/She, We, You All, They WILL The endings are the same for -ar, -ir, and –er Ser, ir, and estar are actually regular -é -emos -ás -éis -á -án

26. Future Irregulars Decir dir Hacer  har Salir  saldr Tener  tendr Valer  valdr Venir  vendr The future of “Hay eshabrá” = There will be Poder podr Querer  querr Saber  sabr Caber  cabr Haber  habr

27. Future Trigger Words En ___días, horas, semanas, años El proximodía, hora, semana, año Mañana, or any day of the to come

28. Por Passing through… PORtal General rather than specific location… PORtugal How long something lasts… PORever The cause of something An exchange… imPORt/exPORt Doing something in place of or instead of someone else… I’m POR, pay for me A means of transportation… transPORtation

29. Para For whom something is done… surprise PARAty Destination… PARAguay The purpose for which something is done… PARAsites To express an opinion… PARAdon me, but To contrast or comPARA To express idea of deadline… PARAmedic