The document outlines the 5 stages of the Demographic Transition Model. Stage 1 is characterized by high but fluctuating birth and death rates due to lack of healthcare and family planning. Stage 2 sees falling death rates due to improved conditions while birth rates remain high. Stage 3 exhibits declining birth rates as family planning spreads and child mortality decreases. Stage 4 enters low and stable birth and death rates as populations age. Stage 5 is a potential future stage where death rates exceed birth rates leading to population decline.

1. The Demographic Transition Model

2. The Demographic Transition Model
Stage 1 – High Fluctuating
Reasons for High Birth Rate
• Little or no birth control
• High infant mortality
• Children seen as status symbol
Reasons for High Death Rate
• High incidence of disease
• Poor nutrition and famine
• Poor housing and hygiene
• Little or no health care
Total population is low
There are no countries in this stage of
the model but some isolated tribes in
the Amazon Rainforest are still like
this

3. The Demographic Transition Model
Stage 2 – High Fluctuating
Reasons for High Birth Rate
• Little or no birth control
• Children seen as status symbol
Reasons for Falling Death Rate
• Infant mortality is falling
• Improved health care and hygiene
• Better nutrition
• Safer water, better waste disposal
Total population is begins to increase
rapidly
Examples of this stage include
Afghanistan and Nepal

4. The Demographic Transition Model
Stage 3 – Late Expanding
Reasons for Falling Birth Rates
• Widespread birth control
• Preference for smaller families
• Expense of bringing up children
• Low infant mortality rate
Total population is begins to slow
Examples of this stage include Egypt
and Thailand

5. The Demographic Transition Model
Stage 4 – Low Fluctuating
• Low birth rate and death rate
• Population becomes older
• Death rates are kept low by
improving health care
• Birth rates are kept low by
effective birth control and women
delaying the age at which they
have children
Examples of countries in this stage
include the UK and USA

6. The Demographic Transition Model
Stage 5 – Decline
• Death rate starts to be higher than
birth rate
• Modern medicine keeps the
elderly alive for longer
• Total population begins to decline
• Fewer people are in the
reproductive age meaning lower
birth rate
• This stage has only recently be
reached by some European
countries such as Italy.