Stages of the demographic transitional model
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The document outlines the 5 stages of the demographic transitional model: 1. High Stationary stage - Both birth and death rates are high resulting in slow population growth due to factors like lack of healthcare and family planning. 2. Early Expanding stage - Birth rate remains high while death rate falls rapidly due to improvements in healthcare and sanitation, causing rapid population increase. 3. Late Expanding stage - Birth rate begins to decline while death rate continues falling, leading to sustained population growth. 4. Low Stationary stage - Both birth and death rates are low, resulting in low steady population growth due to increased education, financial independence, and family planning. 5. Declining stage - Birth
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population transition n theories.pptx
Demographic Transition
theories of population
Ms. LYDIA EVELYN.F
MSC NURSING I YEAR
GENERAL OBJECIVE
At the end of the seminar students will be able to gain adequate knowledge on the topic demographic transition and theories of population
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
Student will be able to
Define demographic transition’
List and explain the demographic stages
Interpret the demographic transition model
Appraise and compare the population pyramid along with the stages
Explain the historical studies
Critique the evaluation
Explain second demographic transition
Enumerate future population trends
List and explain each theories of population in detail
INTRODUCTION
Historical shift from high birth rates and high death rates in Societies with minimal technology, Education ( women) and economic development TO Low birth rates and low death rates in societies with advanced technology, Education and Economic development And the stages between these two scenarios.
Scholars debate
whether industrialization and higher Income lead to lower population,
OR
whether lower populations lead to industrialization and higher Incomes ?
Definition
WARREN C. Thompson, Frank w Notestein.
A historical process of change which accounts the trends in births, death and population growth occurred in today's industrialized societies, especially European societies.
Definition by Dolan
“Demographic transition refers to a population cycle that begins with a fall in death rate, continues with a phase of Rapid population growth and concludes with a decline in birth rate”
DEMOGRAPHIC STAGES
STAGE ONE
Pre- Industrial society, death rates and birth rates were both high
These rates fluctuated rapidly according to natural events such as
Drought
Diseases
to produce a relatively constant and young population.
Family planning and contraception were virtually non-existent.
Death rates matched birth rates exceeding 40 per 1000 per year
Children contributed to the economy of the household from an early age by carrying water, firewood and messages, carrying for younger siblings, sweeping washing dishes, preparing food and working infields.
There was no much education or entertainment expenses.
Thus the total cost of raising children barely exceeded the contribution to the household.
During this stage, the society evolve in accordance with Malthusian paradigm - with Population essentially determined by the food supply.
Eg: - Any fluctuations in food supply tend to translate directly into population fluctuations
EG: - Famines - Resulting In significant mortality which are frequent.
According to Edward, Revocatus ( 2016) - This is the earlier stage of demographic transition in the world
which is characterized by primary activities such as small fishing activities, farming pastoralizing and petty businesses.
STAGE TWO :
Leads to fall in d
Demographic transition and challenge Bangladesh is facing
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Malnutrition affects many women and children in Latin America, particularly in rural areas with limited access to nutritious foods and clean water. Up to 55% of infant deaths in Latin America are due to preventable causes like diarrhea and respiratory infections. A proposed prevention plan includes distributing prenatal vitamins and breastfeeding education materials to mothers, as well as establishing areas for public breastfeeding and access to hospital-grade breast pumps. Exclusive breastfeeding has been shown to reduce risks of childhood obesity, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease.
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The document discusses the Demographic Transition Model and the Fertility Transition Theory. The Demographic Transition Model proposes that as countries develop economically, their birth and death rates will follow a predictable pattern of decline. However, the document argues this has not occurred uniformly and modern conditions are different, questioning if it can still be used as a predictive tool. The Fertility Transition Theory asserts that a change in cultural attitudes and willingness to use contraception, along with their availability, are key drivers in fertility decline in developing countries, rather than economic development alone.
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This document summarizes evidence on the impacts of family planning on nutrition and food security. It finds that family planning can positively impact nutrition outcomes like birth weight, stunting, and undernutrition. Short birth spacing and adolescent pregnancy in particular are linked to increased risks of malnutrition. Family planning also indirectly benefits nutrition by reducing maternal mortality and empowering women. Smaller family sizes can help ensure food availability and access by supporting sustainable agricultural production and increasing women's labor participation. The document recommends integrating family planning into nutrition and food security programs and policies to help leverage its benefits.
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1. Population is growing fast in developing countries that are in the early stages of the demographic transition, where death rates are falling due to improved healthcare and sanitation but birth rates remain high.
2. Areas growing fastest are developing regions of Africa, Asia, and Latin America that have not yet experienced a substantial decline in birth rates associated with industrialization and rising incomes.
3. Rapid population growth in these areas is straining social systems like education and healthcare and increasing environmental pressures as more resources are needed to support larger populations.
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Demographic transition and challenge Bangladesh is facing
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Stages of the demographic transitional model
- 1. Stages of the Demographic Transitional Model http://www.geographylwc.org.uk/A/AS/ASpopulation/images/demographic_transition_detailed.jpg
- 2. Stage 1 - High Stationary stage Birth and death rate are both high. The population growth is slow. Birth Rate is high as a result of: Death Rate is high because of: Lack of family planning High Infant Mortality Rate Need for workers in agriculture Religious beliefs Children as economic assets High levels of disease Famine Lack of clean water and sanitation Lack of health care War Lack of education Reasons
- 3. Reasons Death Rate is falling as a result of: Improved medical care Improved Hygiene Improved sanitation Provision of clean water Improved food production and storage Improved transport for food Decreased Infant Mortality Rate Stage 2 - Early Expanding stage Birth rate is high, but the death rate is rapidly falling. Population begins to increase rapidly.
- 4. Reasons: Family planning available Lower Infant Mortality Rate Increased mechanization reduces need for workers Increased standard of living Changing status of women Woman delay marriage and child bearing Stage 3 - Late Expanding stage The birth rate starts to drop/fall and the death rate continue to fall. Population increases.
- 5. Reasons: Better health care Higher levels of education Stronger economies Higher proportion of working women Stage 4 - Low Stationary stage Birth and death rate is low. Population growth is low/steady.
- 6. Reasons: A rise in individualism Greater financial independence for women An increase in non-traditional lifestyles Lack of resources for future generations Family Planning Later marriages Stage 5 - Declining stage Birth rate is lower than the death rate, causing a decline/decrease in the population. This stage has only recently been discovered, as there is only a few countries that is in this stage. The elderly population is more than the youth population. The Demographic transitional Model does not take into account migration