PECB Webinar: Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Determining Controls – Foundation Stone of OHSAS 18001
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As part of managing the health and safety of your business you must control the risks in your workplace. To do this you need to think about what might cause harm to people and decide whether you are taking reasonable steps to prevent that harm. This is known as risk assessment and it is something you are required by law in most parts of the world. People are often put off by the idea of Risk Assessment because they think it is over complicated, difficult to complete and unnecessary. You may have already taken steps to protect your employees, this webinar will help you decide whether you have covered all you need to as per the requirements of OHSAS 18001? Following points will be covered: • Overview of Different Methods available for Risk Assessment • Concept of HAZID, HAZAN, HAZOP, Risk Assessment, Risk Evaluation and Risk Management • Risk Matrix • As Low as Reasonably Practicable – ALARP • Hierarchy of Risk Control • Material, Environment, Equipment, People Mr. Muhammad Dawood is currently working as General Manager at Sustainable Business Solutions. With graduation in Chemical Engineering and MSc Engineering in Process Safety and Loss Prevention, Dawood has diversified experience in the occupational health & safety sector and have worked in services, fertilizer, oil and gas and mechanical construction industries. During these years he had the experience of Risk Assessments for OHS, behaviour, fire and Explosion, Participate in HAZOP meetings, working on different NFPA standards, hazardous area classification, developing and implementing OHSAS 18001, ISO 9001 and ISO 14001, Implementing People based safety programmes, TNA, Emergency Response planning and implementation, incident investigations, site HSE plans etc. He not only has rich experience of system development but also have performed audits of above mentioned standards. He is Approved trainer to deliver more than 30 Internationally Accredited courses including ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 14001 and has delivered 7000+ man-days of trainings.
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PECB Webinar: Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Determining Controls – Foundation Stone of OHSAS 18001
- 2. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Determining Controls – Foundation Stone of OHSAS 18001 Muhammad Dawood General Manager Sustainable Business Solution muhammad.dawood@sbs.org.pk info@sbs.org.pk
- 3. • To enable the participants to carry out risk assessments in their own areas of responsibility. • To develop competent teams who can further lead OHS risk assessments at their respective locations. • To develop competence for prioritization of OHS Risks for implementation of operational controls Objectives
- 4. 4 Introduction • What is Risk Assessment? • It is the careful examination of what could cause harm to people, equipment, environment or property.
- 5. Why Risk Assessment? • Legal requirement • To meet the requirements of OHSAS 18001. • To know the OH&S hazards and risks involved in our jobs. • To classify high risk activities, processes and to establish objectives and / or controls to avoid harm humans & assets by eliminating or controlling hazards and risks. • Prevent Death and personal injury and the direct and indirect costs that follow on from accidents
- 6. • “reasonable practicability” – balance of cost vs risk of harm – Cost is time, effort and money • Basis of a risk assessment Reasonably Practicable
- 7. • Accident • Injury accident • Damage only accident • Near-miss • Dangerous occurrence • Work related Ill-health Types of Incident
- 8. Hazard Near Miss Injury Relation Between Types of Incident
- 9. Frank Bird Accident Triangle Accident Ratios
- 10. • Competent people – training, knowledge, experience • Team approach is beneficial – workers familiar with tasks – H&S specialists – technical specialists – line managers – worker safety representatives Risk Assessors
- 11. • State the name/competence of assessor • Identify significant hazards and risks • Identify persons at risk – Workers and others e.g. visitors and vulnerable • Evaluate current controls • Identify additional controls • Enable employer to priorities controls • Appropriate to nature of work • Proportionate to risks • State time period valid Suitable and Sufficient Risk Assessment
- 12. • HAZOP • FMEA • What-If • LOPA • Bow-Tie • Fault Tree Analysis • Event Tree Analysis • Checklist Risk Assessment Methods HSL/2005/58
- 13. The 5 Steps of Risk Assessment
- 14. Safety Physical injury: •Slips, trips and falls •Falling objects •Collisions •Trapping/crushing •Machinery •Electricity •Transport •Chemicals •Drowning •Asphyxiation •Fire/explosion •Animals •Violence Health Occupational disease or ill-health: •Physical •Chemical •Biological •Ergonomic •Psychological Step 1: Identify The Hazards Use M.E.E.P.
- 15. In both manufacturing and non-manufacturing operations personnel face a range of hazards everyday and some of these hazards are not very obvious! By analysing accidents and other incidents we can identify areas for improvement. The Range of Hazards
- 16. Hazard - Source, situation or act with a potential of harm in terms of human injury or health or combination of these ( OHSAS 18001) Some Basic definition
- 17. Risk – combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure, multiplied by the severity of injury of ill health that can be caused by the event or exposure Some Basic definition
- 18. • Employees • Maintenance staff • Cleaners • Contractors • Visitors • Members of the public Step 2: Identify People at Risk Lone Workers, New and Expectant Mothers, Disabled
- 19. What is risk? It is a measure of the likelihood of harm occurring and the severity of that harm. Or to put it more simply: Risk = Likelihood × Severity Step 3: Evaluate the Risk
- 20. Consequence Description 1 - MINOR Minor injuries only; First Aid treatment required. 2 - MODERATE Injuries which could result in temporary disability; Medical treatment required; whenever there is a possibility that long term effect of activity can cause some disability or health problem such as hearing loss; asthma etc. 3 - MAJOR Serious injuries that could result in permanent disability; Hospitalisation admission required. 4 - SEVERE Death or permanent disability to 1-2 persons. 5 - CATASTROPHIC Several fatalities. Likelihood Description 5 - CERTAIN It is expected to occur at some time in the near future (daily). 4 - LIKELY Will probably occur in most circumstances (weekly). 3 - POSSIBLE Might occur at some time (monthly). 2 - UNLIKELY Could occur at some time (six months to a year). 1 - RARE The event could occur in exceptional circumstances only Step 3: Evaluate the Risk
- 21. LEVEL OF RISK LIKELIHOOD CONSEQUENCES Minor Moderate Major Severe Catastrophic 1 2 3 4 5 Almost Certain 5 5 10 15 20 25 Likely 4 4 8 12 16 20 Possible 3 3 6 9 12 15 Unlikely 2 2 4 6 8 10 Rare 1 1 2 3 4 5 LEGEND 20-25 EXTREME RISK Immediate action required. If possible, the activity should be ceased immediately 12-18 HIGH RISK Notify supervisor and safety and health representative and implement immediate action to minimize injury. remedial action required within two working days 6-10 MODERATE RISK Implement immediate action to minimize injury e.g. Signs; supervisor remedial action required within five working days 1-5 LOW RISK Remedial action within one month (if possible), supervisor attention required Risk Assessment Matrix
- 22. Q1. Of being run over by a vehicle when crossing the road in the Thar desert ? Estimate The Risk
- 23. Q2. Of being run over by a vehicle when crossing a busy roads in Karachi? Estimate The Risk
- 24. Q3. Of being run over when crossing a quiet cycle path in the countryside? Estimate The Risk
- 25. Likelihood increases Likelihood low R = S X L R = S X L
- 26. Risk and Decision Making
- 27. Eliminate the hazard Reduce or substitute the hazard I solate (people from hazard/ hazard from people) C ontrol exposure (engineering, Management) Personal protective equipment Hierarchy of Control
- 28. • Refer to your procedure Priorities and Time Scale Risk Priority 20-25 Extreme First priority 12-18 High Second priority 6-10 Medium Third Priority 1-5 Low Forth Priority
- 29. Typical content: • Activity/area assessed and hazards • Groups at risk • Evaluation of risks and adequacy of existing control measures • Further precautions needed • Date and name of competent person Step 4: Record Your Findings
- 30. Significant change in: • Process • Substances • Equipment • Workplace environment • Personnel • Law If it is no longer valid • Accident • Near miss • Ill-health Periodically e.g. annually Step 5: Review Your Findings
Editor's Notes
- Discuss examples of
- Accident ratios (often referred to as accident triangles) display the relationship between numbers of accidents with different outcomes. Research shows that this relationship forms a triangle, with the most serious outcomes being the least numerous (at the top) and those with proportionally higher numbers but less serious results forming the base. There are a number of different triangles used to display these relationships; one proposed by Bird Important point is to mention Ratio numbers change depending on the study (this is one example only) It doesn’t mean that every near miss could result in a fatality – its simply a ratio which means the more we report and eliminate the less chance we have of having injuries and fatalities Serious accidents tend to happen randomly and are hard to predict Acting to eliminate near misses will prevent injuries There is an excellent free DVD from SGS scaffold called “the cost of accidents” which illustrates this beautifully!!
- Stress that this is an approach detailed in the UK in HSE publications
- Use discussion and explanation of the 1-5 scales to take the students from identification of likelihood and severity through to a risk rating. Then show them the risk assessment matrix on the following slide. Explain that this is just one approach and that there is no prescribed process which must be followed – it depends upon the needs of the organisation (as we discussed earlier)
- This is an aide memoire that we encountered earlier. Some students may like to use it.
- A straightforward link can be made between the level of risk associated with a particular hazard and the prioritisation of that hazard: the higher the risk the higher the priority. You might also assume that a high risk demands a short timescale for corrective action and a low risk can be allowed to persist for a longer period of time, but there are two problems with this simple link: • A low risk level might be low priority, but it might also have a very simple, low cost remedy. A law court might not accept that a long timescale could be applied to a simple, low cost remedy; it should be implemented immediately because it can be done immediately. • A medium risk might demand a medium priority, but that does not necessarily mean that a law court would accept that an intermediate timescale would be acceptable. The level of risk to workers should always be acceptable - not just acceptable after 24 hours of working. This may mean that some interim precautions are put in place which control tolerable risk to an acceptable level but do not represent to be an ideal long-term solution to the problem.