The Industrial Revolution

Here is what will we cover in this unit Causes of industrial revolution Development of factory system and its effects on workers Working conditions in factories Benefits and problems of industrial revolution Economic Theories Socialism as a response to industrial revolution Karl Marx and his goals, socialist ideas in factories Social reform in Britain, France, Germany How industrialization affected the balance of power, and liberalism Scientific changes - Darwinism The Arts –Romanticism, Impressionism, Realism YEP, Your are right – it is a lot. (OH NO! I SAID IT!)

Causes of industrial revolution

Development of factory system and its effects on workers

Working conditions in factories

Benefits and problems of industrial revolution

Economic Theories

Socialism as a response to industrial revolution

Karl Marx and his goals, socialist ideas in factories

Social reform in Britain, France, Germany

How industrialization affected the balance of power, and liberalism

Scientific changes - Darwinism

The Arts –Romanticism, Impressionism, Realism

YEP, Your are right – it is a lot. (OH NO! I SAID IT!)

Traditional Farming Methods List all of the MACHINES in the picture. How many POWER SOURCES are in the picture? What SOCIAL CLASSES are represented here? Using the picture, write a sentence describing life before industrialization.

List all of the MACHINES in the picture.

How many POWER SOURCES are in the picture?

What SOCIAL CLASSES are represented here?

Using the picture, write a sentence describing life before industrialization.

The Agricultural Revolution What happens when farmer Bob plants the same crop in his field year after year?

Wheat Middle Ages Crop rotation 3 field system Rotate Crops each year Nothing Wheat Problem – Only 2/3 of the land is used each year Wheat Nothing

Wheat Corn Clover Year one = Corn, Year 2 =wheat, Year 3= potatoes or clover Clover– puts nutrients back in the soil, cows love it. Cows add manure How about this? Instead of rotating the fields, we rotate what crops are grown in those fields. more cows = more meat = more protein = better diet = longer life = more people = exploding population Yum!

Inventions that help even more Jethro Tull and his “seed drill” Plant in nice neat rows. Plants have more room to grow, more plants grow and survive which leads to more food

Jethro Tull and his “seed drill”

Plant in nice neat rows.

Plants have more room to grow, more plants grow and survive

which leads to more food

Notice the Difference?

Results of these ideas More food leads to more people More people leads to need for more jobs More food

More food leads to more people

More people leads to need for more jobs

Enclosure Movement Large landowners begin fencing in their property. Small farmers not allowed to graze cattle there or to farm there. Small farmers go out of business and need to find other ways to make money. Result – people move to cites to find work

Large landowners begin fencing in their property.

Small farmers not allowed to graze cattle there or to farm there.

Small farmers go out of business and need to find other ways to make money.

Result – people move to cites to find work

If ya don’t pay rent, then get off me land you lowlife peasant! This is for MY sheep only now! I wonder where the nearest city is? Enclosure Movement

1500’s – Domestic System People make items – particularly cloth, at home. Entrepreneurs supply them with the wool and they spin it into thread and make it into cloth at home. Often called “Cottage Industry” By the 1700s – with more food leading to more people, there was a greater need for items such as cloth Cottage industry methods cant keep up Need a new idea

People make items – particularly cloth, at home.

Entrepreneurs supply them with the wool and they spin it into thread and make it into cloth at home.

Often called “Cottage Industry”

By the 1700s – with more food leading to more people, there was a greater need for items such as cloth

Cottage industry methods cant keep up

Need a new idea

Cottage Industry

Crimey! A man can’t even get a pair o’ trousers anymore!

Necessity is the Mother of Invention We need more cloth, so someone is bound to step up and figure out a way to make it faster. Why? To make money. “ Greed is good”

We need more cloth, so someone is bound to step up and figure out a way to make it faster.

Why?

To make money.

“ Greed is good”

Out with the old… Water power begins to be used to speed up the process. Powers machines that can work faster than human hands “ Spinning Jenny” English Textile industry takes off. Problems - Need to set up near a water source. Cant do this at home. End of the Domestic System and beginning of the Factory System still use today.

Water power begins to be used to speed up the process.

Powers machines that can work faster than human hands

“ Spinning Jenny”

English Textile industry takes off.

Problems - Need to set up near a water source.

Cant do this at home.

End of the Domestic System and beginning of the Factory System

still use today.

Water powers shafts, Shafts power belts, which power the machines So, what do you think of the working conditions?

Working in a textile mill

Quick Review How did each of the items below lead to the Industrial Revolution? 3 Field System Crop Rotation Clover Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill Enclosure Movement Domestic System Textiles Factory System

The Problem of Fuel 1700s England Population rising. People need fuel for heat, cooking etc. Traditional source of heat – wood Cut down trees for firewood. More people = more trees cut down. Soon, no more trees. Need a solution

1700s England

Population rising.

People need fuel for heat, cooking etc.

Traditional source of heat – wood

Cut down trees for firewood.

More people = more trees cut down.

Soon, no more trees. Need a solution

Tree Huggers Are Sad

More Fuel Problems More factories opening up. Originally use water power. Problems: Only so much space on the rivers and streams.

More factories opening up.

Originally use water power.

Problems:

Only so much space on the rivers and streams.

Blimey!, There’s no room left!!

More Fuel Problems Factories opening up. Originally use water power. Problems: Only so much space on the rivers and streams. What do you do in the summer when the rivers get low? What do you do in the winter when the rivers freeze over?

Factories opening up.

Originally use water power.

Problems:

Only so much space on the rivers and streams.

What do you do in the summer when the rivers get low?

What do you do in the winter when the rivers freeze over?

The Solution - Coal Burns longer and hotter than wood. England has plenty of it.

Burns longer and hotter than wood.

England has plenty of it.

The Solution - Coal Now you can build a factory anywhere Where would YOU build? NOW I’LL Show Them!!

Now you can build a factory anywhere

Where would YOU build?

Hehehe, eat my soot!!!!

The Problem - Water Problem: Notice where the coal is? English coal mines keep flooding. Solution: Get rid of the water. How? Create a pump. Bonus -The pump can be powered by coal. Pretty ingenious huh?

Problem:

Notice where the coal is?

English coal mines keep flooding.

Solution:

Get rid of the water.

How?

Create a pump.

Bonus -The pump can be powered by coal. Pretty ingenious huh?

You said Watt?? James Watt – creates a pump that works. Pumps water out of coal mines YEEEEAAAAHHHH!!!! Now we can get the coal!!!

James Watt – creates a pump that works.

Pumps water out of coal mines

YEEEEAAAAHHHH!!!! Now we can get the coal!!!

Importance of the Steam Engine Invention radically transformed the world from an agricultural society into an industrial one. Moved our modern world from a 90% rural basis to a 90% urban basis.

Invention radically transformed the world from an agricultural society into an industrial one.

Moved our modern world from a 90% rural basis to a 90% urban basis.

OK, next step – getting the coal to the houses that need it. Copied from http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/brummettconcise/chapter98/medialib/thumbs/ch24_514.html Coal is in the north. Main city (London) is in the south. How do you get coal from the point of production to the point of use?

Coal is in the north.

Main city (London) is in the south.

How do you get coal from the point of production to the point of use?

The First Solution First step – put it on boats. Canals dug throughout England Coal shipped throughout Britain Powers and heats houses and factories Of course it has its problems Barges are pulled by horses Can only move as fast as a walking horse

First step – put it on boats.

Canals dug throughout England

Coal shipped throughout Britain

Powers and heats houses and factories

Of course it has its problems

Barges are pulled by horses

Can only move as fast as a walking horse

Coal’s Effect on Industry Now look what happens: Coal is the new super fuel. Iron foundries use that coal to produce more iron. Factories need more and more coal to keep up

Now look what happens:

Coal is the new super fuel.

Iron foundries use that coal to produce more iron.

Factories need more and more coal to keep up

Enter the “Rocket”

Need to get coal to foundries faster 1829 George Stephenson uses Watts steam engine and hooks wheels up to it Creates a locomotive – “The Rocket.” Steam engine powered by coal.

1829 George Stephenson uses Watts steam engine and hooks wheels up to it

Creates a locomotive – “The Rocket.”

Steam engine powered by coal.

Need to get coal to foundries faster 1829 George and Robert Stephenson use Watts steam engine and hook wheels up to it Creates a locomotive – “The Rocket.” Steam engine powered by coal. Rides along on iron rails Now they can use trains to transport the coal to London even faster. Problem – the iron rails don’t hold up well. What to do?

1829 George and Robert Stephenson use Watts steam engine and hook wheels up to it

Creates a locomotive – “The Rocket.”

Steam engine powered by coal.

Rides along on iron rails

Now they can use trains to transport the coal to London even faster.

Problem – the iron rails don’t hold up well.

What to do?

Bessemer to the Rescue!! 1850s Henry Bessemer creates new process for making iron. Turns out his iron is much stronger than ordinary iron. He has made STEEL Voilla!! The solution is at hand. Replace the iron rails with steel rails. NOW we have the beginnings of modern trains.

1850s Henry Bessemer creates new process for making iron.

Turns out his iron is much stronger than ordinary iron. He has made STEEL

Voilla!! The solution is at hand.

Replace the iron rails with steel rails.

NOW we have the beginnings of modern trains.

Meanwhile, over in the US Robert Fulton hooks Watts steam engine up to a set of paddle wheels Invents the first ship powered by steam The “Clermont” Now transportation between US and Europe is cut considerably

Robert Fulton hooks Watts steam engine up to a set of paddle wheels

Invents the first ship powered by steam

The “Clermont”

Now transportation between US and Europe is cut considerably

About the same time… Samuel Morse invents telegraph and code to send messages. By 1851 a cable from England to Europe capable of sending messages quickly from England to the continent.

Samuel Morse invents telegraph and code to send messages.

By 1851 a cable from England to Europe

capable of sending messages quickly from England to the continent.

Long Term Effects We Will See British Empire Expanding Colonies in Africa, Middle East, India and Asia. British Navy using Watts steam engine and Fulton's ideas steam powered warships Telegraphs enable British to send messages quickly around their empire. Always know what is happening around their empire Ships can travel throughout the empire more quickly. BUT they need coaling stations every few hundred miles Colonies develop from coaling stations

British Empire Expanding

Colonies in Africa, Middle East, India and Asia.

British Navy

using Watts steam engine and Fulton's ideas

steam powered warships

Telegraphs enable British to send messages quickly around their empire.

Always know what is happening around their empire

Ships can travel throughout the empire more quickly.

BUT they need coaling stations every few hundred miles

Colonies develop from coaling stations

Some Fringe Benefits Coal gas used to light street lights Cities not as dark anymore Factories can work longer Make more stuff No longer work from Sunrise to Sunset Now we work according to the clock The whole cycle feeds off of itself

Coal gas used to light street lights

Cities not as dark anymore

Factories can work longer

Make more stuff

No longer work from Sunrise to Sunset

Now we work according to the clock

The whole cycle feeds off of itself

Look at the Chain of Events Agricultural advancements lead to more people Growing population needs cloths Water powered mills make cloths Not enough room for mills Mills powered by coal Need to pump water out of coal mines Steam powered pump More coal to power factories – which then need more coal Steam powered trains to transport the coal Steam powered ships to transport British navy using coal / steam Need for coaling stations to refuel ships going to India / Asia Development of new colonies (in Africa) Height of British Empire

Agricultural advancements lead to more people

Growing population needs cloths

Water powered mills make cloths

Not enough room for mills

Mills powered by coal

Need to pump water out of coal mines

Steam powered pump

More coal to power factories – which then need more coal

Steam powered trains to transport the coal

Steam powered ships to transport

British navy using coal / steam

Need for coaling stations to refuel ships going to India / Asia

Development of new colonies (in Africa)

Height of British Empire

Thus Leading to the Next Unit Imperialism more on this to follow

Imperialism

more on this to follow

So, here is the question: Why did it start in Britain and not somewhere else in Europe? Why not France, or Germany or Austria or Italy or Russia? British had many advantages Stable Government government Laissez Faire policies provide easy chance for industries to grow growing population plenty of resources overseas colonies which will provide British with a market for goods (mercantilism)

Why did it start in Britain and not somewhere else in Europe?

Why not France, or Germany or Austria or Italy or Russia?

British had many advantages

Stable Government

government Laissez Faire policies provide easy chance for industries to grow

growing population

plenty of resources

overseas colonies which will provide British with a market for goods (mercantilism)