Research tools
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This document identifies 3 research tools: library or bibliothecal tools, communication or linguistic tools, and statistical tools. It then provides details on the various sections of a library, including the card catalogue, periodicals, books, computer, vertical files, and general reference sections. Finally, it describes and compares the two main library classification systems - the Dewey Decimal system and the Library of Congress system.
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bibliometrics
This document discusses the concept of bibliometrics. It defines bibliometrics as the application of mathematical and statistical methods to books and publications. The document outlines the origin and development of bibliometrics, provides definitions, and discusses the scope, laws, software, applications, and limitations of bibliometric analysis.
What are Information Sources?
This document discusses different types of information sources and how to evaluate them. It defines reference sources as publications that provide authoritative information, including reference books, indexes, and databases. Reference books are designed to be looked up quickly rather than read cover to cover, and include dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other sources organized alphabetically or by topic. The document provides tips for evaluating information sources, such as checking the date, author credentials, intended audience, and bias. It distinguishes between primary sources, secondary sources, and tertiary sources, and discusses how to determine the authority and suitability of a source for research.
Sources of information
The document discusses different types of information sources, including primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are original materials that other research is based on, such as research papers, theses, and conference proceedings. Secondary sources are interpretations and evaluations of primary sources, including textbooks, review articles, and edited books. The document also discusses how to search for information on PubMed, including searching by author, subject, journal, and using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms to narrow search results. Filters can also be used to refine PubMed searches.
Writing research report
This document provides an outline and guidelines for writing a research report. It begins with an introduction to research and defining what constitutes a research report. It then discusses the purpose and importance of research reports, as well as characteristics of effective reports. The document outlines the typical structure of a research report, including sections such as the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusions. It provides tips for each section and guidelines on style, formatting, and referencing. The overall document serves as a comprehensive guide for writing research reports.
Classified catalogue
This document discusses the classified catalogue and its various components according to Ranganathan's principles. It describes the main entry which includes sections like the leading section, heading section, title section, note section and accession number section. It also discusses the various added entries like cross reference entries, class index entries, book index entries, series index entries and cross reference index entries. These added entries are derived from the main entry to satisfy different reader needs. The classified catalogue has two parts - the classified part containing numeric entries and the alphabetical part containing word entries.
research problem AND its characteristics
The document discusses key aspects of selecting a research problem. It defines a research problem as a question or issue involving uncertainty that is proposed for investigation. Important characteristics of a research problem include that it should contribute new knowledge, be feasible to study, ethical, significant, logical, clear, well-defined, use appropriate language, be original, follow titling conventions, and have current importance. The document provides steps for selecting a problem, including brainstorming ideas, researching background information, focusing the topic, developing keywords, and formulating the problem. Considerations for selecting a problem involve having relevant expertise, interest in the topic, and available data sources.
Types of information sources
This document provides an overview of different types of information sources for research, including periodicals like magazines, scholarly journals, trade journals and newspapers. It also discusses reference sources like encyclopedias, dictionaries, biographical sources, geographical sources, directories, almanacs, handbooks and government documents. Additionally, it covers the differences between primary and secondary sources, and when different information source formats are most appropriate to use.
Reference Sources
This Lecture introduces students to Reference Sources.
It discusses both print and digital Sources of Information, including features which are need.
The Lecture asks various questions regarding the new skills needed by the user to survive in the digital arena.
Additionally, Assignment ground-rules are also suggested, including International methods of citation, citation tools and also note-taking skills.
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bibliometrics
This document discusses the concept of bibliometrics. It defines bibliometrics as the application of mathematical and statistical methods to books and publications. The document outlines the origin and development of bibliometrics, provides definitions, and discusses the scope, laws, software, applications, and limitations of bibliometric analysis.
What are Information Sources?
This document discusses different types of information sources and how to evaluate them. It defines reference sources as publications that provide authoritative information, including reference books, indexes, and databases. Reference books are designed to be looked up quickly rather than read cover to cover, and include dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other sources organized alphabetically or by topic. The document provides tips for evaluating information sources, such as checking the date, author credentials, intended audience, and bias. It distinguishes between primary sources, secondary sources, and tertiary sources, and discusses how to determine the authority and suitability of a source for research.
Sources of information
The document discusses different types of information sources, including primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are original materials that other research is based on, such as research papers, theses, and conference proceedings. Secondary sources are interpretations and evaluations of primary sources, including textbooks, review articles, and edited books. The document also discusses how to search for information on PubMed, including searching by author, subject, journal, and using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms to narrow search results. Filters can also be used to refine PubMed searches.
Writing research report
This document provides an outline and guidelines for writing a research report. It begins with an introduction to research and defining what constitutes a research report. It then discusses the purpose and importance of research reports, as well as characteristics of effective reports. The document outlines the typical structure of a research report, including sections such as the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusions. It provides tips for each section and guidelines on style, formatting, and referencing. The overall document serves as a comprehensive guide for writing research reports.
Classified catalogue
This document discusses the classified catalogue and its various components according to Ranganathan's principles. It describes the main entry which includes sections like the leading section, heading section, title section, note section and accession number section. It also discusses the various added entries like cross reference entries, class index entries, book index entries, series index entries and cross reference index entries. These added entries are derived from the main entry to satisfy different reader needs. The classified catalogue has two parts - the classified part containing numeric entries and the alphabetical part containing word entries.
research problem AND its characteristics
The document discusses key aspects of selecting a research problem. It defines a research problem as a question or issue involving uncertainty that is proposed for investigation. Important characteristics of a research problem include that it should contribute new knowledge, be feasible to study, ethical, significant, logical, clear, well-defined, use appropriate language, be original, follow titling conventions, and have current importance. The document provides steps for selecting a problem, including brainstorming ideas, researching background information, focusing the topic, developing keywords, and formulating the problem. Considerations for selecting a problem involve having relevant expertise, interest in the topic, and available data sources.
Types of information sources
This document provides an overview of different types of information sources for research, including periodicals like magazines, scholarly journals, trade journals and newspapers. It also discusses reference sources like encyclopedias, dictionaries, biographical sources, geographical sources, directories, almanacs, handbooks and government documents. Additionally, it covers the differences between primary and secondary sources, and when different information source formats are most appropriate to use.
Reference Sources
This Lecture introduces students to Reference Sources.
It discusses both print and digital Sources of Information, including features which are need.
The Lecture asks various questions regarding the new skills needed by the user to survive in the digital arena.
Additionally, Assignment ground-rules are also suggested, including International methods of citation, citation tools and also note-taking skills.
Descriptive research
This document discusses different types of descriptive research methods. Descriptive research aims to describe "what exists" with respect to current conditions or variables. Methods include surveys, correlation studies examining relationships between variables, and developmental studies analyzing changes over time. Descriptive research can be quantitative by collecting numerical data or qualitative by describing categories. It involves gathering and organizing data to depict and describe observations. Examples of descriptive studies ask questions about attitudes, activities, reactions, and changes over time.
Research Methods
This document defines and describes different types of research. It discusses research purposes including exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory research. It also covers research uses in basic and applied contexts. The time dimension of cross-sectional and longitudinal research is outlined. Finally, it details quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques.
Research problem
This document discusses key aspects of defining a research problem, including identifying a researchable problem, sources of research problems, writing a problem statement, and developing research questions. It emphasizes that a well-defined research problem lays the foundation for a successful research project. The first step is to identify a compelling topic and formulate a problem statement that introduces the research area and leads to specific questions. A good research problem should be significant, clearly delineated, and have accessible information to draw conclusions. Narrowing the scope and defining key terms helps ensure the problem is manageable.
Checklist as a tool of data collection -by Dr. Neha Deo
While conducting research, a researcher has to use different techniques & tools of data collection. Observation technique is very important for quantitative as well as qualitative research. In the observation technique, there are two important tools- a checklist & a rating scale. In this presentation, Observation technique & checklist-related information is given.
Digital library impacts and issues
The document discusses the impacts and issues related to digital libraries. It defines digital libraries as comprising digital collections, services, and infrastructure to support learning, research, and knowledge preservation. Some key impacts discussed include increased access and dissemination of information globally through digital archives. However, tensions remain regarding copyright and the roles of publishers, libraries, and authors. The document also outlines factors driving the transition to digital libraries, advantages such as increased access and preservation, and disadvantages including copyright issues, speed of access, and ensuring long-term preservation of digital materials.
Literature Review
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review for research. It discusses selecting a topic, conducting a literature search, analyzing and organizing the literature. Key steps include identifying the research topic, locating relevant sources through databases and other means, reading and analyzing the literature, and organizing it using mapping techniques. The literature review aims to summarize and synthesize previous research on the topic to provide context and identify gaps to justify further research.
BIBLIOMETRICS LAWS
The document discusses bibliometrics and bibliometric laws. It defines bibliometrics as the application of mathematical and statistical methods to bibliographic information, and discusses its origins and objectives. Three important bibliometric laws are covered: Lotka's law describes the frequency of publication by authors, Bradford's law explains the scattering of articles across journals, and Zipf's law concerns the frequency of word usage. In conclusion, bibliometrics is an important tool in library and information science for studying information processes and flows.
A brief history of MARC
The document summarizes the history of card cataloging and the development of MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging). Some key events include the earliest card catalog in France in 1789, the formation of the Library Bureau in 1876 which standardized catalog cards, and the Library of Congress beginning to distribute catalog cards in 1901. In the 1960s, there was a shift towards automating library cataloging which led to the creation of the MARC format and a pilot project in 1966 to test converting catalog records into a machine-readable format. This pilot project helped launch the operational MARC Distribution Service in 1969, allowing libraries to share catalog records electronically. MARC has continued to evolve and change over the decades to accommodate new materials and
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Dictionary catalogue vs classified catalogue
This document compares and contrasts dictionary catalogs and classified catalogs. A dictionary catalog lists all entries alphabetically by author, title, subject, etc. A classified catalog has some number entries and some word entries, with materials arranged in two parts: a classified section by class number and an alphabetical index. A classified catalog allows for easier assessment of collection strengths and weaknesses by subject and shows relationships between subjects. It is more suitable than a dictionary catalog for large, specialized libraries and preparing subject bibliographies. However, a dictionary catalog is easier to use and maintain subject entries in the alphabetical section.
Qualitative Data Analysis
This document provides an overview of qualitative data analysis. It discusses that qualitative data analysis involves coding texts, identifying patterns, and reducing qualitative data into quantitative codes. It also outlines several stages of qualitative analysis including familiarization with data, transcription, organization, coding, identifying themes, recoding, developing categories, exploring relationships between categories, and developing theories. Finally, it discusses challenges of qualitative analysis including placing raw data into logical categories and communicating interpretations to others.
ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING
This document defines abstracting and indexing and discusses their purposes and types. It describes abstracting as an abbreviated yet accurate representation of a document's significant content along with a bibliographic description. Abstracts promote awareness, save time, facilitate selection and literature searches. They are written by authors, professionals, and information specialists and read by professionals, teachers and students. The document outlines different types of abstracts and their components. It also defines indexing as the systematic arrangement of document entries to enable users to locate information and discusses the types and creators of indexes.
SEARS LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS (PRACTICE)
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Types of information sources module
There are several types of information sources that can be used for academic research, including encyclopedias, books, magazines, scholarly journals, newspapers, and websites. Encyclopedias provide overviews on topics and are available in both general and specialized formats. Books synthesize information in depth to support arguments. Magazines contain current articles for general readers on popular topics and events. Scholarly journals contain peer-reviewed research articles written by experts. Newspapers report daily news. Websites can both provide access to other sources and contain information themselves. The Lightner Library contains and provides access to many of these source types both in print and online through databases.
The research instruments
The document discusses various research instruments that can be used to collect data, including questionnaires, interviews, rating scales, checklists, sociometry, document analysis, scorecards, observation, psychological tests, and standardized tests. It provides details on the types, advantages, and disadvantages of each instrument. Guidelines are also provided for ensuring research instruments are valid, reliable, and field tested to effectively gather accurate and useful data.
Qualitative research designs
This document provides an overview of qualitative research. It defines qualitative research as research using text and pictures rather than numbers, taking a holistic approach to understand phenomena. The document outlines several major qualitative research designs including case studies, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and content analysis. It discusses when a qualitative approach is appropriate and provides details on how to conduct and analyze data for a case study design. The goal of qualitative research is to provide a rich story and tentative hypotheses about observed social phenomena.
Bibliometrics and its application
This document defines and describes bibliometrics. Bibliometrics is defined as the statistical analysis and measurement of written publications and citations. It is commonly used to quantitatively analyze academic literature through citation analysis and other bibliometric methods. Bibliometrics can help identify influential researchers, publishing trends, core journals in a field, and more. Some key bibliometric tools include Scopus, Web of Science, and Journal Citation Reports. Common metrics include citation counts, h-index, journal impact factors, and field-weighted citation impact. While bibliometrics provides objective analysis, it also has limitations such as differences in citation patterns between disciplines.
International Standard Bibliographic Description: background and recent devel...
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This document provides an overview of conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as organizing existing knowledge in a field to establish the background and rationale for a new study. The review involves identifying and reading relevant published work and then writing a section summarizing the key ideas. A literature review has several objectives, including providing theories, methods, and sources for hypotheses. It also indicates what research has already been done to avoid duplicating studies. The document outlines various sources to search like books, periodicals, theses, and newspapers. It describes how to systematically review literature to understand a problem area and identify approaches, instruments, and data analysis clues from past studies.
Comparative study of major classification schemes
This document presents a comparative study of major library classification schemes. It provides an overview of Dewey Decimal Classification and Library of Congress Classification, the two most commonly used schemes. It discusses how Dewey Decimal Classification was developed by Melville Dewey and has 10 main classes and 7 tables for organizing knowledge. It also outlines how Library of Congress Classification was developed and has 21 main classes, with individual subject specialists developing each schedule. The document compares the merits and weaknesses of both systems and how different libraries choose a classification scheme based on their collection size, subjects, and users.
LIBRARY-TOOLS-FOR-LOCATING-RESOURCES.pptx
The document discusses tools for locating resources in the library. It describes the Dewey Decimal Classification system which organizes nonfiction books into 10 categories represented by 3-digit numbers. Each subsequent digit provides more specificity about the topic. It also describes card catalogs which are arranged alphabetically by author, title or subject and contain information to locate books in the library.
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This document discusses different types of descriptive research methods. Descriptive research aims to describe "what exists" with respect to current conditions or variables. Methods include surveys, correlation studies examining relationships between variables, and developmental studies analyzing changes over time. Descriptive research can be quantitative by collecting numerical data or qualitative by describing categories. It involves gathering and organizing data to depict and describe observations. Examples of descriptive studies ask questions about attitudes, activities, reactions, and changes over time.
Research Methods
This document defines and describes different types of research. It discusses research purposes including exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory research. It also covers research uses in basic and applied contexts. The time dimension of cross-sectional and longitudinal research is outlined. Finally, it details quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques.
Research problem
This document discusses key aspects of defining a research problem, including identifying a researchable problem, sources of research problems, writing a problem statement, and developing research questions. It emphasizes that a well-defined research problem lays the foundation for a successful research project. The first step is to identify a compelling topic and formulate a problem statement that introduces the research area and leads to specific questions. A good research problem should be significant, clearly delineated, and have accessible information to draw conclusions. Narrowing the scope and defining key terms helps ensure the problem is manageable.
Checklist as a tool of data collection -by Dr. Neha Deo
While conducting research, a researcher has to use different techniques & tools of data collection. Observation technique is very important for quantitative as well as qualitative research. In the observation technique, there are two important tools- a checklist & a rating scale. In this presentation, Observation technique & checklist-related information is given.
Digital library impacts and issues
The document discusses the impacts and issues related to digital libraries. It defines digital libraries as comprising digital collections, services, and infrastructure to support learning, research, and knowledge preservation. Some key impacts discussed include increased access and dissemination of information globally through digital archives. However, tensions remain regarding copyright and the roles of publishers, libraries, and authors. The document also outlines factors driving the transition to digital libraries, advantages such as increased access and preservation, and disadvantages including copyright issues, speed of access, and ensuring long-term preservation of digital materials.
Literature Review
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review for research. It discusses selecting a topic, conducting a literature search, analyzing and organizing the literature. Key steps include identifying the research topic, locating relevant sources through databases and other means, reading and analyzing the literature, and organizing it using mapping techniques. The literature review aims to summarize and synthesize previous research on the topic to provide context and identify gaps to justify further research.
BIBLIOMETRICS LAWS
The document discusses bibliometrics and bibliometric laws. It defines bibliometrics as the application of mathematical and statistical methods to bibliographic information, and discusses its origins and objectives. Three important bibliometric laws are covered: Lotka's law describes the frequency of publication by authors, Bradford's law explains the scattering of articles across journals, and Zipf's law concerns the frequency of word usage. In conclusion, bibliometrics is an important tool in library and information science for studying information processes and flows.
A brief history of MARC
The document summarizes the history of card cataloging and the development of MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging). Some key events include the earliest card catalog in France in 1789, the formation of the Library Bureau in 1876 which standardized catalog cards, and the Library of Congress beginning to distribute catalog cards in 1901. In the 1960s, there was a shift towards automating library cataloging which led to the creation of the MARC format and a pilot project in 1966 to test converting catalog records into a machine-readable format. This pilot project helped launch the operational MARC Distribution Service in 1969, allowing libraries to share catalog records electronically. MARC has continued to evolve and change over the decades to accommodate new materials and
Classified Catalogue Code (ccc)
Classified Catalogue Code ,Classified catalogue code (CCC), S.R. Ranganathan, Information system, OPAC, Database management system (DBMS) card catalogue and online catalogue, and emphasises on the need of developing computer-based library information systems and services. It describes database technology, kinds of databases, database management system, computerised library information system, and management information system. It coven in detail the database design and compatibility of cataloguing codes for developing databases of computer-based library information systems.
Dictionary catalogue vs classified catalogue
This document compares and contrasts dictionary catalogs and classified catalogs. A dictionary catalog lists all entries alphabetically by author, title, subject, etc. A classified catalog has some number entries and some word entries, with materials arranged in two parts: a classified section by class number and an alphabetical index. A classified catalog allows for easier assessment of collection strengths and weaknesses by subject and shows relationships between subjects. It is more suitable than a dictionary catalog for large, specialized libraries and preparing subject bibliographies. However, a dictionary catalog is easier to use and maintain subject entries in the alphabetical section.
Qualitative Data Analysis
This document provides an overview of qualitative data analysis. It discusses that qualitative data analysis involves coding texts, identifying patterns, and reducing qualitative data into quantitative codes. It also outlines several stages of qualitative analysis including familiarization with data, transcription, organization, coding, identifying themes, recoding, developing categories, exploring relationships between categories, and developing theories. Finally, it discusses challenges of qualitative analysis including placing raw data into logical categories and communicating interpretations to others.
ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING
This document defines abstracting and indexing and discusses their purposes and types. It describes abstracting as an abbreviated yet accurate representation of a document's significant content along with a bibliographic description. Abstracts promote awareness, save time, facilitate selection and literature searches. They are written by authors, professionals, and information specialists and read by professionals, teachers and students. The document outlines different types of abstracts and their components. It also defines indexing as the systematic arrangement of document entries to enable users to locate information and discusses the types and creators of indexes.
SEARS LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS (PRACTICE)
Sears List of Subject Headings, Introduction & Practice for MLIS students- AIOU workshop 2013, Library & information science, LIS Studies, Classification, Cataloguing, Subject identification, SLSH-19
DDC 23rd Edition
The document discusses the history and features of the 23rd edition of the Dewey Decimal Classification system. It provides details on the system's development since 1876, its structure involving 10 main classes and use of decimals, and new features in the 23rd edition like representation of groups of people, revisions to standard subdivisions, and changes to better organize knowledge on the internet.
Types of information sources module
There are several types of information sources that can be used for academic research, including encyclopedias, books, magazines, scholarly journals, newspapers, and websites. Encyclopedias provide overviews on topics and are available in both general and specialized formats. Books synthesize information in depth to support arguments. Magazines contain current articles for general readers on popular topics and events. Scholarly journals contain peer-reviewed research articles written by experts. Newspapers report daily news. Websites can both provide access to other sources and contain information themselves. The Lightner Library contains and provides access to many of these source types both in print and online through databases.
The research instruments
The document discusses various research instruments that can be used to collect data, including questionnaires, interviews, rating scales, checklists, sociometry, document analysis, scorecards, observation, psychological tests, and standardized tests. It provides details on the types, advantages, and disadvantages of each instrument. Guidelines are also provided for ensuring research instruments are valid, reliable, and field tested to effectively gather accurate and useful data.
Qualitative research designs
This document provides an overview of qualitative research. It defines qualitative research as research using text and pictures rather than numbers, taking a holistic approach to understand phenomena. The document outlines several major qualitative research designs including case studies, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and content analysis. It discusses when a qualitative approach is appropriate and provides details on how to conduct and analyze data for a case study design. The goal of qualitative research is to provide a rich story and tentative hypotheses about observed social phenomena.
Bibliometrics and its application
This document defines and describes bibliometrics. Bibliometrics is defined as the statistical analysis and measurement of written publications and citations. It is commonly used to quantitatively analyze academic literature through citation analysis and other bibliometric methods. Bibliometrics can help identify influential researchers, publishing trends, core journals in a field, and more. Some key bibliometric tools include Scopus, Web of Science, and Journal Citation Reports. Common metrics include citation counts, h-index, journal impact factors, and field-weighted citation impact. While bibliometrics provides objective analysis, it also has limitations such as differences in citation patterns between disciplines.
International Standard Bibliographic Description: background and recent devel...
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This document provides an overview of conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as organizing existing knowledge in a field to establish the background and rationale for a new study. The review involves identifying and reading relevant published work and then writing a section summarizing the key ideas. A literature review has several objectives, including providing theories, methods, and sources for hypotheses. It also indicates what research has already been done to avoid duplicating studies. The document outlines various sources to search like books, periodicals, theses, and newspapers. It describes how to systematically review literature to understand a problem area and identify approaches, instruments, and data analysis clues from past studies.
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Checklist as a tool of data collection -by Dr. Neha Deo
Checklist as a tool of data collection -by Dr. Neha Deo
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LIBRARY-TOOLS-FOR-LOCATING-RESOURCES.pptx
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Library
A library is a collection of resources made available to a community for reference or borrowing. A library's collection can include books, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts, films, maps, documents, CDs, cassettes, videotapes, DVDs, Blu-ray discs, e-books, and audiobooks. Libraries typically have several sections, including general reference, periodicals, general collection/circulation, special collections, children's, and multimedia sections. Libraries use classification systems like the Dewey Decimal System and Library of Congress Classification to organize their collections.
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The Dewey Decimal Classification system is a proprietary library classification system developed by Melvil Dewey in 1876. It uses Arabic numerals and a relative indexing system to organize books on library shelves by subject. It has grown from Dewey's original four-page pamphlet through 23 major editions and is now used in over 200,000 libraries worldwide. While other classification systems existed, Dewey Decimal became the standard for general libraries due to its ease of use and ability to accommodate new materials. It continues to be updated and maintained today in both print and electronic formats.
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The document provides an overview of the history and development of subject indexing. It discusses how subject indexing originated from ancient libraries arranging documents by subject. In the 19th century, alphabetical subject indexing became more widespread and systematic. Standard subject heading lists were developed by organizations like the American Library Association and Library of Congress, establishing practices for consistent terminology. Theorists like Cutter, Ranganathan, and Farradane contributed frameworks for analyzing and structuring subject terms. Computers began aiding information retrieval in the 1950s through indexes. Formats like KWIC and citation indexes like the Science Citation Index automated subject access.
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Research tools
- 2. 3 IDENTIFIED RESEARCH TOOLS • Library or bibliothecal tools • Communication or linguistic tools • Statistical tools
- 3. The Library asThe Library as a Research Toola Research Tool
- 4. Various Sections of the Library
- 5. THE CARD CATALOGUE SECTION • This section serves as a guide to all the holdings of the library. It contains a drawer type cabinet which contains 3 x 5 inches index cards.
- 6. THE PERIODICAL SECTION • The section of the library where you can find the magazines, journals, newspapers and other periodicals.
- 7. THE BOOK SECTION • The section of the library where you can find numbers of books that contain specific and current overview of the desired information. This section holds numbers of fiction and non-fiction books.
- 8. THE COMPUTER SECTION • Many libraries have already set up an electronic database of all the information found in the card catalogue. This makes the search for any of the holdings of a particular library easier. The database also contains the specific library in the university where a particular journal or book can be found.
- 9. THE VERTICAL FILE SECTION • In this section, one finds the library’s collections of clippings from pamphlets, magazines, newspapers, brochures, documents, and summaries of timely topics arranged by subject matter.
- 10. THE GENERAL REFERENCE SECTION • Scientific dictionaries, handbooks, almanacs, atlases, and encyclopedias are general references classified as secondary publications.
- 12. Two Library Classification Systems • The Dewey Decimal Classification System • The Library of Congress Classification System
- 13. The Dewey Decimal Classification System • It was conceived by Melvil Dewey (1851-1931) in 1873. • The system is called “decimal” which is derived from the Latin word “decem” meaning ten and the system contains ten main groupings or divisions of knowledge. • It is widely used particularly in small libraries.
- 14. 000 General Works 100 Philosophy 200 Religion 300 Social Sciences 400 Language 500 Pure Science 600 Technology and Applied Science 700 Arts 800 Literature 900 History, Geography Major Categories in The Dewey Decimal Classification
- 15. The Library of Congress System • It is used in libraries which house large collections. • The system groups books according to subject in twenty-one major classes, each class being represented by a capital letter of the alphabet.
- 16. A- General Works L- Education B- Philosophy-Religion M- Music C- History-Auxiliary Sciences N- Fine Arts D- History and Topography (except America) P- Language and Literature PN – Literary History and Literature (general) E- America (general) and United States (general) Q- Science F- United States (local) and America R- Medicine G- Geography-Anthropology S- Agriculture H- Social Sciences T- Technology J- Political Science U- Military Science K- Law V- Naval Science Z- Bibliography and Library Science