16. Engine Volume.
Vcylinder= ¼π d2l.
Where,
d: cylinder diameter (bore)
L: cylinder length (stroke)
Vcylinders= ¼π d2l * z where, z: number of cylinders
V˚Stroke = ¼π d2l * z * N/60ζ
Where,
N: number of crank shaft revolutions per minute (rpm)
ζ: =2 for 4-stroke engines
= 1 for 2-stroke engines
17. Engine Performance Parameters.
a- Power:
1- Brake Power: the measured power output of the engine
BP= T * ω
Where,
T: Torque (N.m)
ω: radial speed (rad/s) and ω= 2πN/60
2- Indicated Power: is the theoretical power of a reciprocating
engine if it is completely frictionless in converting the expanding
gas energy (piston pressure × displacement) in the cylinders.
IP= BP + FP
3- Friction Power FP: increases proportionally with N2
18. Engine Performance Parameters.
b- Thermal efficiency:
1- Brake thermal efficiency:
ηb= BP/Q˚add
Where,
Q˚add: rate of heat added to engine per second due to fuel burning
2- Indicated thermal efficiency :
ηI= IP/Q˚add
Q˚add=m˚f * C.V
Where,
m˚f : consumed fuel flowrate (kg/s)
C.V: fuel heating value: heat released per each kg of completely
burned fuel (kJ/kg)
19. Engine Performance Parameters.
c- mean effective pressure:
1- Brake mean effective pressure:
Bmep= BP/ V˚Stroke
Where,
BP : brake power
V˚Stroke :engine cylinders volume
2- Indicated mean effective pressure :
Imep= IP/ V˚Stroke
Mean effective pressure: a valuable measure of an engine's capacity
to do work that is independent of engine displacement.
20. Engine Performance Parameters.
d- specific fuel consumption:
1- Brake specific fuel consumption:
Bsfc= m˚f /BP
Where,
BP : brake power
m˚f : consumed fuel flowrate (kg/s)
2- Indicated specific fuel consumption :
Isfc= m˚f /IP
23. Example (6-3):
An eight-cylinder, four stroke diesel engine develops 900 kW
of brake power at 600 rpm. The cylinder size is 37 cm bore by 46
cm stroke and the engine uses 4.5 kg of fuel per minute. Upon
complete combustion, the fuel releases heat energy of 45 MJ/kg.
The indicated mean effective pressure is 660 kPa. Calculate the
indicated, brake and mechanical efficiencies.