Parthenogenesis has been documented in most vertebrate Classes (e.g. .pdf

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Parthenogenesis has been documented in most vertebrate Classes (e.g. birds, fish) but never in mammals. Genomic imprinting provides one explanation for this observation. Why? Solution Parthrnogenesis is the process of reproduction from ovum without fertilization. It has been documented in most vertebrates but never in mammals because of polyploidy and hybridisation. On the cellular level, the distinction between parthenogens and sexuals is that, meiosis is accompanied by fusion of a male and female gamete. In parthenogenesis, meiosis is changed so that only one unique set of chromosomes is transferred in a non-random fashion. Germ cell doesn’t have centrioles (they’re lost throughout gametogenesis), the lack of centrioles is not a restrict to the egg cellular. The genomic imprinting, i.e. that sure genes will no longer activate unless paternal genes are lacking. That is an trouble with mammals and no longer with the parthenogenic vertebrates because mammals have an overabundance of a protein referred to as mos. when absent, automixis occurs (it normally blocks cleavage formation inside the oocyte, therefore, the oocyte can’t undergo automixis)..

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organisms in this domain first produce oxygenSolutionThe three.pdf

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In the cae below identify the subject matter of the controversy, whether the common law or the UCC (Artlce 2) would cover the contractual issues, and explain the reasons for your conclusions. Also, discuss when, in general, the UCC (Article 2) governs contracts and when the common law governs. Kurt N. Aslakson, et al., Appellants, v. Home Savings Association, Respondent, Upper Northwest Payment Plans Co., Respondent No. C6-87-1497 Court of Appeals of Minnesota 416 N.W.2d 786; 1987 Minn. App. LEXIS 5110; 6 U.C.C. Rep. Serv. 2d (Callaghan) 35 December 3, 1987, Decided December 15, 1987, Filed PRIOR HISTORY: [**1] Appeal from Hennepin County, District Court, Hon. Ann Montgomery, Judge. DISPOSITION: Affirmed. CASE SUMMARY: PROCEDURAL POSTURE: Appellant homeowners sought review of the decision from the Hennepin County, District Court (Minnesota), which granted summary judgment in favor of respondents, savings association and payment plan, on the homeowners\' claim of tortious interference with contract. OVERVIEW: The homeowners entered into a conditional sales contract to purchase a mobile home. Subsequently the contract was assigned to the savings associationThe homeowners argued that thetrial court erred in determining, as a matter of law, that their claims of wrongful interference with contracts were invalid. The court determined that the trial court had correctly determined that a contract between the homeowners and a subsequent buyer could not arise absent performance of a condition precedent, which was the approval of the subsequent buyer\'s assumption of the loan. Even if this court were to determine that valid contracts existed between the homeowners and prospective buyers, the issue of justification would have to be addressed and the savings association and payment plan would have prevailed. Credit checks and equity interests were commercially reasonable assurances and could not be met by the prospective buyers. The savings association and payment plan were within their right to refuse the assignment. OUTCOME: The court affirmed the decision from the trial court. CORE TERMS: mobile home, materially, prospective buyer, breach of contract, assignee, buyer\'s, purchase agreement, assignor, summary judgment, down payment, substantial interest, conditional, assurances, assigned, inducing, delegate, condition precedent, contractual, contingent, delegation, tortious interference, credit check, right to refuse, wrongful interference, contractual duties, equity interest, delegating, purchaser, happening, default LexisNexis(R) Headnotes 1 of 7 4/4/12 5:11 PM http://www.lexisnexis.com/lnacui2api/delivery/PrintDoc.do?jo... Torts > Business Torts > Commercial Interference > Contracts > General Overview [HN1] \"Interference with contract\" is somewhat broader than \"inducing breach of contract\" in that the former includes any act injuring or destroying persons or property which retards, makes more difficult, or prevents performance, or makes performan.

In the cae below identify the subject matter of the controversy, whe.pdf

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Listed below are the major steps in protein synthesis and some events that do not occur during protein synthesis. From the list select those events that do occur in protein synthesis and place the letters of these steps in the correct chronological order. A) DNA attaches to ribosomes B) Amino acids bond to mRNA C) mRNA processed (introns removed) D) amino acids carried by tRNA joined together E) mRNA leaves nucleus F) DNA replicates itself G) mRNA replicates itself H) mRNA attaches to ribosomes I) mRNA produced using DNA as template J) tRNA and mRNA become part of finished protein K) tRNA anticodons bond to mRNA codons Solution Translation is the process where synthesis of appropriate amino acid and polypeptide chain takes place taking mRNA synthesized from the target DNA sequence as a reference. Translation takes place in the cytoplasm over the ribosomes of rough endoplasmic reticulum by a comprehensive action of mRNA, tRNA and other accessory ingredients by utilization of energy in the form of ATP. The sequential process of translation can be found as below: F) DNA replicates itself I) mRNA produced using DNA as template G) mRNA replicates itself E) mRNA leaves nucleus C) mRNA processed (introns removed) H) mRNA attaches to ribosomes D) amino acids carried by tRNA joined together K) tRNA anticodons bond to mRNA codons B) Amino acids bond to mRNA From the sequence above, it can be seen that the point A, i.e. DNA binds to ribosomes, is not included. This is because DNA does not bind directly to the ribosomes during any part of translation. Conversly, DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is translated into amino acid polypeptide on the ribosomes. Also, the point J) tRNA and mRNA become part of finished protein, is not included because tRNA and mRNA are never the part of finished protein. The protein is translated from the mRNA sequence by utilizing tRNA function..

Listed below are the major steps in protein synthesis and some event.pdf

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1.What are 2nd messengers? Give specific examples. How are they used un signal transduction? 2.Signal transduction by RTK signaling pathways 3.Explainhow RTK are activated and inactivated 4.Explainhow signaling pathway mutants are used to dissect the functions of signaling molecul Solution 1). Receptors are the protienious structures that act as “signal transducing molecules.” There are three kinds of membrane receptors namely, ligand gated receptors, G-protein coupled receptors and kinase linked receptors. Primary messengers receive the stimulus information from the external environment and passes into the cell. If the primary messenger cannot pass through the cell membrane, receptors use second messenger for communication between the receptor and intracellular environment. Secondary messengers relay the signal information from the receptor-ligand complex, to the interior of the cell. G-protein coupled receptors are also known as heptahelical (seven transmembrane-spanning) receptors. They are connected to the intracellular system through G-protein molecules that activate secondary messengers. The three important secondary messengers are cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate), IP3 (ionositol 1,4,5-triphosphate), and DAG (diacyl glycerol). Adenylate cyclase is an enzyme that converts ATP (adenosine tri phosphate) into cAMP. cAMP is one of the important secondary messengers of G-protein receptors. Phopholipase C is an enzyme that hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) into two second messengers namely, ionositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Adenylate cyclase is an enzyme that converts ATP (adenosine tri phosphate) into cAMP. cAMP is one of the important secondary messengers of G-protein receptors. Phospholipase C is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) into two-second messengers namely, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 increases the calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum by acting through IP3 receptors. DAG diffuses through the plasma membrane and activates protein kinase C. PKC is present in many isoforms, which is activated by raised intracellular calcium levels . Calcium activates calmodulin protein by allosteric binding and thus activates calcium- calmodulin dependent kinases. The calcium-calmodulin complex activates the myosin light chain kinases by phosphorylation, which causes muscle contraction. In contrast, the cAMP acts through Gs type of GPCRs, IP3 acts through Gq type of GPCRs. The secondary effector in cAMP pathway is PKA (protein kinase A), the secondary effector in IP3 and Calcium-mediated pathways is PKC and calmodulin (calcium directly acts on calmodulin)..

1.What are 2nd messengers Give specific examples. How are they used.pdf

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In a Pp heterozygous organisms, one of the chromosomes carrying the P locus is moving towards the pole at anaphase I of meiosis. In the absense of crossing overs, the P locus on this chromosome is represented by _____ dsDNA molecules with genotype ______. (name every complete allelic copy) (2, either PP or pp) I have included the answers in the parenthesis after the question. Please explain how to get the answers in details please :) Solution The organism is Pp. It will enter Meiosis I after completion of interphase. So, the genome will be ‘4n’, when entering Meiosis I, i.e. “PPpp”. Crossing over will result in formation of “PpPp”. But there is no crossing- over in Prophase I. So, “PPpp” will go into metaphase I and subsequently into Anaphase I. At anaphase I, \'PP\' will go towards one end and \'pp\' will go towards another end. So, genotypes of the two dsDNA molecules should be either \'PP\' or \'pp\'. Both will be homozygous..

In a Pp heterozygous organisms, one of the chromosomes carrying the .pdf

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How do vesicles carrying proteins destined for secretion move to the plasma membrane? by diffusion They swim with flagella. a long microtubules They swim with cilia a long actin The diagram to the right shows a cell and many sucrose molecules. If the cell membrane is permeable to sucrose, in which direction will the sucrose move? Into the cell Out of the cell There isn\'t enough information to let Both into rod out of the cell. The success worst move If you wanted to separated cells from a plant tissue into individual cell you would need to ? adherens junctions Primary cell walls plasmodesmata hemidemosomes middle lamella The fluid material located outside of nucleus is the nucleoplasm cytosol vacuole endoplasm protoplasm Solution 1. Vesicles carrying proteins molecules destined for secretion move along with microtubules and reach to the plasma membrane. Vesicles are carried by two motor proteins, namely kinesin and dynein. Hence, the correct answer is (c) along microtubules..

How do vesicles carrying proteins destined for secretion move to the .pdf

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Hi everyone I need to help me in this case study I want summary introduction and solving problems in case and conclusion and answer the questions in case Case 1-2 Kim Fuller* In the early fall of 2010, Kim Fuller was employed as a of this material was available. All that was needed was an district sales engineer for a large chemical firm. During organization to tap that bottle supply, grind the bottles, a routine discussion with plant chemists, Fuller learned and deliver the pulverized plastic to the chemical comp- that the company had developed a use for the recycled any. It was an opportunity Fuller had long awaited-a material, in pulverized form, made from plastic soft chance to start a business. drink bottles. Because the state had mandatory deposits on all beverage bottles, Fuller realized that a ready supply costs involved in setting up a plastic bottle grinding In November 2010, Fuller began checking into the business. A used truck and three trailers were acquired to pick up the empty bottles. Fuller purchased one © Professor Robert N. Anthony. Solution Fuller would require accounting information regarding the incomes and expenses done for the operations of his business. And also Fuller would be required to keep proper check and recording of the assets and liabilities held by the business and the flow of funds and cash through the business day in day out. Non-accounting information will include making cost analysis. Keeping a check on the expenses and arriving at proper alternatives to minimize the overall cost. Technology information to be competitive as new players may enter the market with technological advantage. Searching for new opportunities to grab and increase the sales and the overall market and total revenue. Fuller purchased one used truck and three trailers and one used grinding machine and a new one. He also purchased the maintenance equipment and a personal computer with software for accounting and financial information storage. All this sums up the assets of Fuller’s business with the warehouse purchased being the last one. The $75000 invested by Fuller and the $90000 invested by his brothers and sisters and the mortgage for warehouse are all his Liabilities. Fuller must value the assets on cost and decide on a depreciation method to be implemented for depreciating the fixed assets purchased over the time. The company’s opening owner’s equity is $75000 invested by Fuller and $90000 invested by his brothers and sisters. Information regarding all the expenses incurred for sales and other expenses relating to business should be recorded and reported accurately and on a timely basis. Fuller should also keep a track of the taxation policies governing the business. Subtracting the expenses total from the Income total will give fuller his profit or loss and even the break-even point from where he will start making profits. Fuller should analyze the profit and loss statement on a weekly or half monthly basis, as he is new in th.

Hi everyoneI need to help me in this case studyI want summary in.pdf

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