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Peplau's Theory
Hildegard Peplau developed the theory of interpersonal relations, which focuses on the nurse-patient relationship. The theory views nursing as an interpersonal process involving interaction between nurse and patient with a common goal. It outlines 4 phases of the nurse-patient relationship: orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution. When implemented effectively, the theory aims to help patients learn and grow through improved communication and understanding between nurse and patient.
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Peplau's Theory
- 1. 11 HILDEGARD E. PEPLAU’SHILDEGARDE. PEPLAU’S THEORY OF INTERPERSONALTHEORY OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSRELATIONS Prof.VIJAYREDDYProf.VIJAYREDDY PhD Scholar, M.Sc (N),PGDHA,PGCDE.PhD Scholar, M.Sc (N),PGDHA,PGCDE. INDIA.INDIA.
- 2. 22 How do youperceive your understanding of the Interpersonal Relation Theory A. 30% or less B. More than 30% C. More than 50% D. More than 70% E. More than 90%
- 3. 33 About the AuthorAboutthe Author • Born in 1909 • Graduated in 1931 from Diploma nursing program • BA in interpersonal psychology in 1943 • MA in psychiatric nursing 1947 • Ed.D in curriculum development 1953 • Certification in psychoanalysis for teachers
- 4. 44 • Worked aspresident of ANA and Director of advanced program in psychiatric nursing • Worked with WHO, NIMH • World war II – Army nurse corps in psychiatric hospital • First published nursing theorist in a century since Nightingale • Died in 1999
- 5. 55 Contribution and achievementContributionand achievement • Created the nursing middle range theory of Interpersonal Relations • Created nursing curriculum including nurse patient interaction through process recording • Transformed nursing from a group of skilled workers to a profession • Published book on Interpersonal Relations in 1952
- 6. 66 • Contributed tomental health reform and laws • Known as mother of psychiatric nursing • Professor emeritus • Ambassador for psychiatric education in nursing • Inspired generation of students • Had powerful vision to move nursing forward to a profession of respect • Left a legacy of dignified and healing relationship with patients
- 7. 77 Development of thetheoryDevelopment of the theory • Work of Sullivan’s theory of Interpersonal relations • Concepts from other disciplines ( work of Freud, Maslow, psychoanalytic model) • Observation of existing nursing practice
- 8. 88 • Analysis ofinteraction of students with patients • Study of nurse patient interaction through process recording • Experience in psychiatric field • Own concept, values and beliefs about nursing
- 9. 99 Interpersonal RelationsInterpersonal Relations TheoryTheory Basicelements • The patient • The nurse • The interaction between the patient and the nurse
- 10. 1010 DefinitionsDefinitions Client/Patient • Person, couple,groups or community deserving of humane care with dignity, privacy and ethics Environment- • Physiological, psychological and social fluidity that may be illness, maintaining or health promoting
- 11. 1111 Health – • Forwardmovement of personality and other ongoing human process in the direction of creative, constructive, personal and community living Nurse – • The medium of the art of nursing, a maturing force. The unique blend of ideals, values, integrity, commitment to the well being of others
- 12. 1212 Nursing – • Isan interpersonal process involving interaction between two or more persons with a common goal • Nurse patient interaction is a therapeutic process. It is a healing art
- 13. 1313 AssumptionsAssumptions • The kindof nurse each person becomes makes a difference in what each client will learn as she or he is nursed throughout his or her experiences with illness • Fostering personality development in the direction of maturity is a function of nursing and nursing education. It requires the use of principles and method to deal with every day interpersonal problem or difficulties
- 14. 1414 • Since illnessprovides opportunity for learning and growth, nursing can assist clients to develop competencies through nurse client interaction • Nursing can take as its unique focus the reactions of clients to the circumstance of their illness or health problems
- 15. 1515 • All humanbehavior is purposeful and goal seeking in terms of feelings of satisfaction • The interaction of nurse and client is fruitful when a method of communication that identifies and uses common meanings is at work in the situation • Difficulties in interpersonal relations occur in varying intensities throughout the life of everyone
- 16. 1616 • Patient isable to participate in an interpersonal relationship • Interpersonal relations will enhance self maturity and/or self fulfillment
- 17. 1717 InteractionInteraction Interaction is aphenomenon that occur between people
- 18. 1818 The outcome ofinteractionThe outcome of interaction Positive Negative • Understanding Misunderstanding • Openness Closeness • No fear & anxiety Fear & anxiety
- 19. 1919 Factors influencing interactionFactorsinfluencing interaction Values, belief culture, race, experience, expectation, preconceived ideas Values, belief culture, race, experience, expectation, preconceived ideas I-P relation ship
- 20. 2020 Interpersonal RelationsInterpersonal Relations Throughthe interaction a connection between people is established. Feelings and behavior toward each other is understood and accepted
- 21. 2121 Key to InterpersonalRelationsKey to Interpersonal Relations • Effective communication (verbal and non verbal) • Interpersonal skill • Positive attitude • Observation and perception • Self scrutiny
- 22. 2222 Peplau’s conceptual modelPeplau’sconceptual model Nurse Nursing patient Self understanding Uses concepts, process, roles & competencies Learning thinking, anxiety preconception N – P relations Communic ation Pattern integration Develop self understanding , independence and self identity Learning thinking, anxiety preconception Environment – context of relationship
- 23. 2323 Outcome of nursepatientOutcome of nurse patient relationshiprelationship • Both learn and grow from this experience • Respect each other • Empowerment of both nurse and patient • Improves patient autonomy and maturity • Anxiety is converted into purposeful actions
- 24. 2424 • Help patientto help themselves • Guide patients towards healing • Improved health outcome • High satisfaction for both • Healing and caring in less stressful environment • Increased sense of responsibility for self
- 25. 2525 Interpersonal processInterpersonal process Fourphases • Orientation – establishing relationship • Identification – clarifying the problem • Exploitation – selecting appropriate approach to problem and meeting needs • Resolution – terminating the relationship
- 26. 2626 OrientationOrientation • Get acquainted •Preconceptions are worked through • Parameters are established and met • Early levels of trust is developed • Roles begin to be understood
- 27. 2727 IdentificationIdentification •Client begins toidentify problem to be worked at within relationship •Nurse helps the patient to recognize own independent/participation roles and promote responsibility for self
- 28. 2828 ExploitationExploitation • Clients’ trustof nurse reached full potential • Client making full use of nursing services • Solving immediate problem • Identifying and orienting self to discharge goals
- 29. 2929 ResolutionResolution • Final phaseof nurse patient relationship • Sense of security is found as patient has less reliance and identification upon nurse helper • Client has increased self reliance to deal with own problem
- 30. 3030 Nurse’s roleNurse’s role •Stranger • Resource person • Teacher • Leader • Counselor • Advocate • Additional roles
- 31. 3131 Importance of InterpersonalImportanceof Interpersonal Relation TheoryRelation Theory • Understanding of one’s own behavior • Helping others identify felt difficulty • Application of human relations to problems at all level of experience • Applicability in any nurse patient relationship to meet patient needs
- 32. 3232 Evaluation of thetheoryEvaluation of the theory • Concepts are clear, consistent and defined easily understandable • Simple in nature, logical , systematic way of viewing nursing • Consistent with nursing values and mission • Holistic in nature
- 33. 3333 • Descriptive middlerange theory • Can be used in any specialty and all areas of relationship • Can be learned with practice and easy to use • Contributes to nursing process • Easily accessible to practitioners to guide and improve practice
- 34. 3434 Contemporary useContemporary use •Translated into multiple languages • Used by psychiatric nurses and advanced nurse practitioners • Has stood the test of time • Used widely around the world • Integrated to nursing practice and policy development • Give reference to research
- 35.