el abstracto de girasol y sus componentes

1. i.u.p Santiago Mariño
Extensión Porlamar
OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL
PRODUCTION FROM SUNFLOWER OIL
USING RESPONSE SURFACE
METHODOLOGY
Integrante: Daniel Gómez
c.i: 24438243

2. microstructure
content item 1
Subtopic

3. contenido
In this paper the effect of the mass fraction of the catalyst and oil molar ratio is
studied: alcohol alcohol different catalyst systems, optimizing the production
of alkyl esters of crude palm oil. 32 factorial design and response surface
methodology, where the quadratic polynomial equations were obtained by
multiple regression analysis was used. The evaluated response was the
percentage of glycerol conversion using the standard of the American Oil
Chemists Society, AOCS Ca 14-56. The two variables significantly affect the
conversion and the effect of the molar ratio is greater than the amount of
catalyst. Optimum conditions vary for each system, but generally
homogeneous catalysts for the mass fraction of the catalyst is less (1 to 2%)
than for heterogeneous (5 to 6%) and high molar ratios (1:12 to 1 is required :
40). The properties of the fuels obtained meet the requirements of American
standards for biodiesel.

4. Tema 1
The mass cultivation of microalgae for biodiesel production must exceed
a
number of challenges, the first is perhaps the adaptation to the
conditions
environment of the local ecosystem, which are preferred by native
strains studied strains
GM, for these are characterized by greater tolerance
pollution and environmental conditions, allowing control
culture conditions less stringent (28; 29), such strains should be further
both high productivity of lipids, such as lipid accumulation rates
intracellular than 30% of the dry weight due to the high costs associated
with
those extraction process (16; 30; 28; 29) Some of the microalgae that
are
capable of accumulating large amounts of oil are Botryococcus braunii,
Nannochloropsis sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Isochrysis sp. and
Scenedesmus sp., for
which has been reported to oil concentrations of 75%, 68%, 56%, 33%
and 27%
dry, respectively (16; 31; 32) biomass, which in addition to accumulate
high
lipid levels are characterized by rapid growth and proven adaptation

5. Subtopic
The Biodiesel Palm Oil (BAP), the flow properties at low
temperature (cold flow properties) are unfavorable due to its high
content of saturated methyl esters, becoming a technical operation
problem due to the decrease in temperature favors the formation of
crystalline agglomerates of saturated fractions of biodiesel, which
may restrict or clog the flow through the ducts and filters the engine
injection system. In multicomponent systems such as palm oil,
crystallization involves the jurisdiction of various physicochemical
processes that depend on the composition, temperature profiles
and the shear forces applied (Mazzanti et al., 2005). One of the
ways to decrease flow properties at low temperature (cold flow
properties) is used alkyl esters obtained by trans esterification with
branched alcohols and higher molecular weight than methanol,
which prevent agglomeration of the same and the formation of
crystals (Knot he et al., 2005; Benjamin et al., 2007)