BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS

1. BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS

2. Break Even Analysis:-
It is the relationship between cost,revenue and profit.
It is also known as cost volume profit analysis.
The purpose of break-even analysis is to provide a rough
indicator of the earnings impact of a marketing activity.
The break-even point is one of the simplest yet least used
analytical tools in management.
The break-even point is a special case of Target Income
Sales where Target Income is 0 (breaking even).

3. DEFINITION:-
 There is no net gain or loss.
 All cost that need to by paid by the firm are paid but the profit
remains “zero”
“Break even point (BEP) is the point at which cost or
expenses and revenue are equal”

4. Break Even Point (IN UNIT)=
Fixed Cost /S. Price- Variable Unit Cost
Break Even Point (in Rs)=
Fixed Cost/ S. Price-Variable unit
Cost*Units

5. Important things to be considered before conducting break- even
analysis
Fixed cost( FC) :— Costs not directly dependent on the variable,
e.g., buildings, fixed overhead, insurance, minimum workforce
cost
Variable cost(VC ) :— Costs that change with parameters such
as production level and workforce size.
e.g., labor, material and marketing costs.
Total cost, TC = Sum of fixed and variable costs.
TC = FC + VC

6. TR & TC Table
Units Price TR TC Situation
1 10 10 12 TR<TC
2 10 20 22 TR<TC
3 10 30 35 TR<TC
4 10 40 40 TR=TC
Break Even
Point
5 10 50 45 TR>TC
6 10 60 52 TR>TC
7 10 70 60 TR>TC
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7. TR
TC
TFC

8. Computation /construction of BEP:-
 LINEAR COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS MODEL
 Where, marginal cost and marginal revenue are constant BEP
can be directly computed in terms of total revenue(TR) and total
cost (TC)
TFC is Total Fixed Cost
P is Unit Sale Price
V is Unit Variable Cost
X is BEP (in terms of
unit sales)

9. USES OF BREAK EVEVN POINT:-
 Helpful in deciding the minimum quantity of
sales
 Helpful in the determination of tender price
 Helpful in examining effects upon
organization’s profitability
 Helpful in deciding about the substitution of
new plants
 Helpful in sales price and quantity
 Helpful in determining marginal cost

10. LIMITATIONS :-
 Break-even analysis is only a supply side (costs only)
analysis, as it tells you nothing about what sales are
actually likely to be for the product at these various
prices.
 It assumes that fixed costs (FC) are constant
 It assumes average variable costs are constant per unit
of output, at least in the range of likely quantities of
sales.
 It assumes that the quantity of goods produced is equal
to the quantity of goods sold (i.e., there is no change in
the quantity of goods held in inventory at the
beginning of the period and the quantity of goods held
in inventory at the end of the period.
 In multi-product companies, it assumes that the
relative proportions of each product sold and produced
are constant.

11. CONCLUSION:-
“Breakeven analysis is not a predictor of
demand, so if you go into market with the
wrong product or the wrong price, it may be
tough to ever hit the breakeven point”