Essay On Chapter 63 Nursing Management Musculoskeletal...

Essay on Chapter 63 Nursing Management Musculoskeletal...
Chapter 63: Nursing Management: Musculoskeletal Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. When teaching seniors at a
community recreation center, which information will the nurse include about ways to prevent fractures? a. Tack down scatter rugs in the home. b.
Most falls happen outside the home. c. Buy shoes that provide good support and are comfortable to wear. d. Range–of–motion exercises should be
taught by a physical therapist. ANS: C Comfortable shoes with good support will help decrease the risk for falls. Scatter rugs should be eliminated,
not just tacked down. Activities of daily living provide range of motion exercise; these do not need to be taught by a physical therapist. Falls inside the
home are responsible... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The nurse will instruct the patient with a fractured left radius that the cast will need to remain in place a. for several months. b. for at least 3 weeks. c.
until swelling of the wrist has resolved. d. until x–rays show complete bony union. ANS: B Bone healing starts immediately after the injury, but since
ossification does not begin until 3 weeks postinjury, the cast will need to be worn for at least 3 weeks. Complete union may take up to a year.
Resolution of swelling does not indicate bone healing. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (application) REF: 1513 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity USTESTBANK.COM 7. A 48–year–old patient with a comminuted fracture of the left femur has Buck's
traction in place while waiting for surgery. To assess for pressure areas on the patient's back and sacral area and to provide skin care, the nurse should a.
loosen the traction and help the patient turn onto the unaffected side. b. place a pillow between the patient's legs and turn gently to each side. c. turn
the patient partially to each side with the assistance of another nurse. d. have the patient lift the buttocks by bending and pushing with the right leg.
ANS: D The patient can lift the buttocks off the bed by using the left leg without changing the right–leg alignment. Turning the patient will tend to
move the leg out of alignment. Disconnecting the traction will interrupt the weight needed to
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The Effect Of Processing Technique And Core Thickness On...
Effect of processing technique and core thickness on fracture resistance of Lithium disilicate copings having two different thicknesses
Keywords: IPS e.max;Press; CAD / CAM; core thickness; fracture strength.
Introduction
High–strength All ceramic restorations, with different composition, structure, and processing methods, have been introduced as an alternative to metal
ceramic restorations in many applications (1). Due to their translucency and strength, IPS e.max ceramics have become increasingly popular as dental
restorative materials (2) .They can be used as a substructure (core) to support the more fragile veneering ceramics in dental crowns (3–5). However
few data in literature were about different coping thicknesses of IPS e.max to determine the optimum thickness which allows more conservative
preparation and gives space for the veneering material.
Increasing the fracture strength of all ceramic restorations increase their durability during function and decrease complications such as secondary caries
and periodontal diseases. There has been growing interest in ceramic restorations due to their optimal esthetics and biocompatibility (6). However, their
use is associated with some shortcomings. Chipping of the veneering porcelain is the most frequently encountered complication of all–ceramic
restorations (7). The second most common clinical failure may be gross fracture of restoration (8). Several

Paramedic Medical Skills
Paramedic clinical skill demonstration
As part of assessment for CSB330, students worked in small groups to demonstrate and record the correct application of ambulance equipment and
perform five clinical skills. These skills were: Neann Immobilisation Extrication Jacket (NIEJ), Carbon Traction Emergency Medical Services
(CT–EMS) traction splint, Pelvic Circumferential Compression Device (SAM pelvic sling), Oropharyngeal airway (OPA) and Nasopharyngeal airway
(NPA) and Stiffneckcervical collar/soft neck collar. The development of foundational skills early in the paramedic science degree is important, as these
skills need to be performed competently during clinical placement. Ambulance practice requires a combination of skill based activity,... Show more
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An NPA can be used in a patient who may not be able to have an OPA inserted due to intact gag reflex, trismus or oral trauma (QAS CPP). However,
if the patient has potential or known basal skull fractures, an NPA cannot proceed to be inserted, otherwise further damage can be caused (PG, IM). At
the same time, it is important to be aware of complications such as airway trauma, including epistaxis, ineffectiveness due to an incorrect size or
placement (QAS,

Fracture Hematoma Research Paper
–A fracture occurs when there is a break in a bone. It can usually be healed, so long as portions of the blood supply, periosteum, and endosteum are
still intact. A fractured bone undergoes repair through a series of four steps.
–The first step in bone fracture repair is the formation of a hematoma. When blood vessels within the bone tear, they hemorrhage. This results in the
formation of a clot at the site of the break. Thus, a fracture hematoma is formed, stopping the flow of blood into the fracture site which, in turn, cause
swelling.
–Capillaries then grow into the fracture hematoma, while phagocytes start to clean up the dead cells within the injury site. The fracture hematoma
becomes more organized into a procallus. Fibroblasts from

Essay on truama c-spine
Trauma C–Spine
This essay is not intended to criticize any emergency medical or hospital staff. I am writing this essay out of concern for patients who come into the
emergency room that may have a jeopardized spinal cord resulting from an injury or suspected injury to their cervical spine. I am a certified emergency
medical technician, farm–medic instructor and currently a medical diagnostic student doing clinicial's. In the United States each year there are
approximately 10,000 reported cervical spine injuries that come into emergency rooms. Motor vehicle accidents account for approximately 45%, falls
approximately 30%, the remaining 25% from sports and miscellaneous. Although only a small amount of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The radiographer's job is to deliverer quality X–rays that have been ordered by the medical staff. Basic radiographs required to exclude a cervical
spine fracture include lateral view, anterioposterior view, and an open–mouth odontoid view. The lateral view must include all seven cervical vertebrae
as well as the joint space between C7–T1. If this is not possible because of patient size or condition then a swimmers view will be needed. The
anterioposterior view should show all cervical vertebrae, while the dens and joint space should be visible on the odontoid view. These exams need to be
completed in a timely matter while continuing to maintain cervical immobilization. The importance of obtaining quality X–rays cannot be
overemphasized as the most frequent cause of missed cervical fractures is the result of inadequate films.
The medical staff role in the care of trauma c–spine injuries is to make sure that proper exams are done so that a proper diagnosis can be made. This
is achieved by a good physical assessment as well as proper communication with the EMT's about mode of injury, and evaluation of radiographs that
have been ordered. If the radiographs are inadequate to rule out a fracture, then the need for repeated or additional X–rays or a CT scan should be
obtained, until all vertebrae are visible and the possibility of fracture can be ruled out. This is how it is supposed to work.

Tibia Essay
Background
Tibial Tuberosity Advancement (TTA) is an othopaedic procedure to repair rupture of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs. It has also been
applied in cats. The canine CCL is a band of tough fibrous tissue that attaches the femur to the tibia. It is attached to the interdylar notch of the tibia at
one end and the caudomedial part of the lateral femoral condyle at the other end. It keeps the tibia from sliding cranially beneath the femur when the
limb bears weight. It also limits medial rotation of the tibia when the stifle is flexed [1]. These help to prevent the stifle joint from over – extending or
rotating.
The rupture of this ligament in dog is not suddenly broken due to excessive trauma, but usually degenerates slowly over ... Show more content on
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Material
After the model was imported into Abaqus, the mechanical properties earned from the prior process were assigned to the model. In addition, as the
model is assumed as a homogenous structure, then the highest values of all mechanical properties were used as a representative of all structure. These
properties are density of 1813 kg/m3, young modulus of 4993 MPa and Poisson coefficient of 0.3 (see figure 4).
Interaction
This part is the most important of the analysis because fissure and fracture cannot be observed without given fracture mechanics. Therefore, the crack
propagation of this study can be studied using XFEM method. This method will define the model as a crack domain, but the crack cannot be
propagated without crack initiation. A crack tip was placed at the location where the highest stress was concentrated on. In our study, the highest
stress was located at cylindrical wall of maquet hole at approximately 225п‚° from X+ axis when determined in XY plane as shown in figure 7. The
crack tip is a very thin surface placed on the model associated with the centre of the maquet hole in XY plane. This tip has 0.5 mm. overlap into the
cylindrical wall of maquet hole as shown in figure

Accident Fall are the Main Cause of Dental Trauma in India...
In developing countries like India, accident falls are the main cause of dental trauma and anterior teeth are frequently affected10.The treatment options
are decided by the position of the fracture line, length of the remaining root segment and the presence or absence of a coronal segment. The chances of
healing with calcified tissue is poorest in cervical–third fractures.1,11 If the fracture line extends below the level of the alveolar bone crest and the
apical root segment has sufficient length, the treatment alternatives are crown lengthening, orthodontic extrusion, reattachment, post crown and
extraction.
Crown lengthening is performed if the fracture line is not more than 1–2 mm below the alveolar bone crest. This ... Show more content on
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The bonding of the fractured tooth fragment provides a more resistant restoration to staining, abrasion than composite reconstruction, hence implicating
positive psychological, emotional and social response from child as well as parents.
Composite resins are proved to have an irritating effect on periodontal tissues especially fibroblast17 , White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate was used in
the present case to seal the fracture line enabling lesser possibility of leakage of dual cure composite across the fracture line. Even enzyme–linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has evidently demonstrated the stimulatory effect of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate on the production of bone
morphogenetic protein (BMP–2) and TGF–1 by fibroblasts of human periodontium18 The present case report concluded that composite reinforced fiber
post used with white Mineral Trioxide Aggregate for reattachment of mobile coronal segment was observed successful. The success of the treatment
was again evaluated after one year which reveals the coronal portion in position with good esthetics. The radiological signs of periodontal health and

Cervical Potenosis Paper
To understand cervical spinal stenosis, one must understand the process of disc degeneration and the effect it has on your spine. As people age, the
disc between the vertebra begin to lose a percentage of its water contact, thus effecting its ability to absorb shock. At first, the changes occur in the
annulus of the disc (Cervical Spinal Stenosis, 2013). These tears in the outer ring of the disc might not caused any symptoms and heal by the
formation of scar tissue. However, if this scar tissue is repeatedly subject to tears, it wears down and loses all its ability to absorb shock. The disc then
begins to collapse, causing the space between each vertebra to become smaller and smaller. This shifting of vertebra causes abnormal pressure on the
articular ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This thickening causes bone spurs to develop. These bone spurs could begin to encroach on the nerves on the spine, causing a narrowing of the
foramen. This narrowing of foramen is call spinal stenosis. However, if the body spurs start to place pressure on the spinal canal, cervical
myelopathy can begin to take place (Cervical Spinal Stenosis, 2013). There is usually narrowing of one, or more, of three areas of the spine. One area
is the canal of the spinal cord, where the nerves roots also run. The second area would be the canals branching out from the spinal cord that the roots
of the nerves expand from. The third area affected would be the opening between the vertebra, where the nerves leave the spine and go to the rest of the
body (Questions and Answers About Spinal Stenosis, 2013).
Epidemiology:
Lumbar spinal stenosis is most common reason for surgery in people over the age of 60 in the United States
Almost half a million people in the US suffering from lumbar spinal stenosis and many more experiencing cervical spinal stenosis.
Risk Factors:
Men and women over 50
Those who are born with a narrowing of the spinal

Symptoms And Treatment Of Cervical Spine Trauma
As a physical therapist working in an outpatient facility, majority of the patients that I manage suffer from neck injuries sustained from motor vehicular
accidents or a fall incident. Handling patient with cervical spine injury is challenging as it is vulnerable to further injury should it not be rehabilitated
with extreme caution. It is essential that the clinician should not rely solely on diagnostic reports and should perform significant detailed assessments
that include ligamentous stability tests with individuals that had cervical spine trauma (Mckinnis, 2014 p. 159). It should be noted that in any motor
vehicular accident it is important to identify injury patterns and trauma protocols should be applied. Injuries brought about by motor vehicle accidents
are not always apparent. For instance, during evaluation there is no evidence of any soft tissue damage or any manifestation of fractures, but one can
still end up with long–term disability due to back or neck pain. With that, an exhaustive physical examination coupled with an appropriate diagnostic
procedure will give more information about the patient's condition and guide treatment decisions. This is truly vital because there are times reports that
was initially identified as normal but later progressed into something fatal that might bring about disability or worse – death. For this reason, it is
indispensable for medical personnel to have sufficient knowledge about radiologic findings. Therapists should be

Cervical Stenosis Case Study Essay
The patient is a fifty–six–year–old male who was admitted on 10/3/16. His reason for admission was his involvement in a motor vehicle accident
where his car was t–boned by another vehicle. Upon arrival to the emergency department, his chief complaint was his inability to detect sensation from
the nipple line down, and his inability to move his extremities. He was otherwise alert, oriented and able to breathe on his own. After an assessment
confirmed his inability to feel anything from the chest down, a portable x–ray of his chest was ordered, but this did not show any acute findings.
Multiple computed tomography scans were then ordered for his head, cervical spine, abdomen and pelvis, chest and thoracic spine; but all of these
scans resulted in no acute findings. However, a computed tomography scan of the lumbar spine did show spinal stenosis secondary to disc protrusion,
and magnetic resonance imaging scans were then ordered for the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. The magnetic resonance scans showed multiple
compression fractures from the C3 to C5 vertebrae, with ligament injuries from C5 to C7, bruising of the spinous process of C6, mass bone bruising
and soft tissue injuries at C3 and C4 with edema, severe spinal stenosis with cord compression at C3 and C4, and cord contusion at T2. The patient was
then ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The patient's chart said that he stated upon admission that he was employed and working for one of the local television stations; however, he did not
state his current position at his job. He also stated that he did not have a history of smoking or alcohol use. His OTC and recreation drug use history
was listed as unknown. None of these statements could be confirmed due to the patient being sedation and intubation with no family

Fracking And Its Effects On The Environment
If given the opportunity to help the nation become energy independent, while increasing jobs in your area, most people would happily accept. This
opportunity would also be boosting the economy, both locally and nationally, all without the environmental impact of carbon emissions. Does the
decision become a no–brainer? But what if this new found energy dependence comes with hidden costs other than carbon emissions? Would you still
want this opportunity in your area? This is what experts and passionate amateurs alike have been debating about fracking, also known as hydraulic
fracturing.. Although it has the potential to be a very lucrative process, presently fracking is far too detrimental to the environment, for example
Southern Illinois' ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
("Chemicals & Public Disclosure") This act states that any hazardous chemicals above a "threshold amount" must be reported to federal, state, and
local authorities. All frac fluids have the same base which is water and sand, in a percentage supposedly 90% water and 9% sand. ("Water Use")
Although exact content may be a mystery, we know that all proponents are not explosive or as sensitive as the nitroglycerine used in the past. At a
time where jobs are hard to find, fracking has been a saving grace for many. In 2012 alone the fracking industry supported 2.1 million jobs.
(Economy) There is also a lot of potential for growth, according to Purdue University economist, Wallace Tyner. In the article "The Liberal War On
American Energy Independence", author Arthur Herman conveys that Tyner suggested that between 2008 and 2035 that fracking will add around
$473 billion dollars each year to U.S. economy. (Herman) Fracking has already had an impact on foreign oil dependency, and it is definitely for the
better. The New York Times reported "In 2011, the country imported just 45% of the liquid fuels it used, down from a record high of 60 percent in
2005."(Krauss) This is a crowning achievement for many of the big supporters of fracking. Production could eventually reach to 10 million barrels a
day, making us a real competitor of Saudi Arabia. (Krauss)

Toe Fracture Research Paper
Toe Fracture
A toe fracture is a break in the bone of a toe. There are many types of fractures. There are different ways of treating these fractures. Your health care
provider will discuss the best way to treat your fracture.
CAUSES
Dropping a heavy object on the toe.
Blunt force or trauma to toe.
Repetitive stress or strain on the toe (stress fracture).
RISK FACTORS
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
The main symptoms of a broken toe are pain and swelling shortly after the injury. Other symptoms include:
Bruising of your toe.
Stiffness of your toe.
Numbness of your toe.
Deformed appearance.
Exposed bones (compound fracture) if the fracture is severe.

DIAGNOSIS
Your health care provider will perform a physical

The Impact Of Material Failure In The Titanic Disaster
The failure of engineering materials is almost always an undesirable event for many reasons include putting human lives in hazard and causing
economic losses. However, even if the causes and the behavior of materials may be known, it is difficult and not guaranteed to prevent the failures. It is
the responsibility of the engineer to realize beforehand and plan for possible failure and, in the event that failure does occur, to fix its cause and then
take appropriate preventive measures against future incidents. This essay is going to analyze material failure during Titanic incident, different
measures to take to prevent the same failure, understand the impact of mechanical engineering solutions. Before writing further about material failure,
let's start with short history about Titanic incident.
Titanic was the largest ship in the time of her construction, 1909. Her dimensions were nearly 900 feet long, and 46000 tons of weight. Unfortunately,
the Titanic experienced the worst possible accident in the sea when she smashed a massive iceberg and sank in less than three hours. The accident
damaged almost 300 feet of the ship's hull, over one thousand people died, and the crash allowed water to get in the ship.
When the Titanic crashed with the iceberg, the hull steel (watertight body of a ship or boat) failed because of the brittle fracture. This fracture is a type
of catastrophic failure in structural materials because it occurs without any indication of plastic deformation

All-Ceramic Restorations in Dental Work
Superior aesthetics and biocompatibility of dental ceramics has driven the increasing use of all–ceramic restorations over the past decade (1). However,
the brittleness and low fracture strength of ceramics can initiate crack propagation causing fracture of the restoration. Clinical studies have
demonstrated that all–ceramic dental restorations have an increased resistance to fracture in service when adhesively cemented to the prepared tooth
structure with resin–based composite cements (2). It is thought that the cement interacts and penetrates ceramic surface defects, preventing crack
propagation. However, strengthening is dependent on sufficient resin cement polymerisation via free radical photo–polymerisation in response to blue
light (450–500nm). Adequate polymerisation (DC) depends on appropriate light transmission (LT) to the resin cement, which is affected by the opacity
and the thickness of the ceramic and the resin cement layer. Consequently, this will influence the mechanical properties of the resin cement together
with the strength and longevity of the restoration (3, 4, 5). The aim of this current study is to analyse LT through ceramics of different shade and
thicknesses; measure and map DC; and correlate the results to the degree of reinforcement achieved.
Specimen preparation
Twenty ceramics discs (4 ceramic shades (A1, A2, A3, A3.5)) were prepared by mixing 0.73g of Base Dentine VM7 powder (Vita, Bad SГ¤ckingen,
Germany) powder with 0.29mL of Modelling Liquid

Hydraulic Fracture Case Study
In grid–based models, the fracture is propagated through a fixed grid. This idea was used in early 2D hydraulic fracture simulators (Settari 1980)
where when the stress normal to the fracture plane exceeded the tensile strength, the fracture extended into a new grid cell. Therefore, grid–based
models were suitable for coupling with reservoir simulators and geomechanics codes (Ji, Settari, and Sullivan 2009). 3D grid–based models were
extended to deal with multiple fractures, for example, the MultiFrac Placement Pseudo 3D (MLF–P3D) model (Dontsov and Peirce 2015). These
models are very complex being capable of simulating multiple hydraulic fractures simultaneously propagating from multiple perforation intervals where
each perforation... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2015). The Unconventional Fracture Model (UFM), developed by Cipolla et al. (2010), considers the effect of natural fractures, stress distribution, and
influence of the mechanical properties of fracture morphology (Cipolla et al. 2010). The UFM model can simulate the propagation of asymmetric
fracture networks accounting for п¬‚uid п¬‚ow in the fracture network and elastic deformation of the fractures. The initial assumptions and governing
equations (fluid flow in the fracture network, mass conservation and fracture deformation) are similar to the conventional P3D model (Weng 2015).
Passey et al. (2010) claimed that there is a large variability in lithology between shale plays and even within a single shale formation (Passey et al.
2010). Britt and Smith (2009) emphasized the importance of geomechanics and the state of stress of a shale play for a successful hydraulic fracturing
stimulation (Britt and Smith 2009). In addition, Rickman et al. (2008) stressed that the mechanical rock properties, such as brittleness and mineralogy,
are fundamental in completion designs. While ductile shale tend to restore any fracture formed, brittle shale often have natural fractures which react to
hydraulic fracturing (Rickman et al. 2008). In general, the Young's Modulus of the shale measured parallel to the bedding plane is greater than that
measured perpendicular to the bedding plane. Sone and Zoback (2013) explained the role of anisotropy on the

The Role Of Active Faults On Fracture Development
The third order fracture distribution is strongly dependent on the lithofacies architecture, especially the distribution of bedding plane discontinuities.
Fractures in stratified parts of the sequence form a nested structure with a high degree of mechanical units at the scale of individual sedimentary beds.
In more homogeneous rocks, a widely–spaced background network of lithology–irrelevant fractures is overprinted by more densely spaced fractures
terminating at significant mechanical decoupling surfaces.
Relationships between fracture stratigraphy and stratigraphic fracture development controls for different scale ranges as formalized in the hierarchical
fracture model for the Petra case study can be used to provide constraints for nested fractured reservoir models. This methodology can help determine
an appropriate homogenization scale for geo–cellular fracture models, improve the prediction of the discrete sub–seismic fracture distribution
compared to conventional down–scaling techniques and improve the constraints of stratigraphic control on wellbore up–scaling. This procedure
becomes increasingly more powerful when combined with the effects of other important development controls, such as the influence of active faults on
fracture development.
Acknowledgements
We kindly acknowledge the help of J. Klaver, F. Carranza Dumon, R. Donselaar, N. Hardebol, H. Boro, and B. Geiss. We thank the Netherlands Centre
for Integrated Solid Earth Systems (ISES) and Total E&P

Determining Primortem Trauma in Forsic Pathology and...
There are many factors involved in the determination of perimortem trauma time in both forensic pathology and forensic anthropology. This is critical
information when it comes to legal issues or the interpretation of prehistoric bone fractures. There is an extensive difference in fracture properties that
depend both on the time that has passed since death, and the type of environment where the specimen has been exposed after death. A study was
performed by Luis Coelho and Hugo F.V. Cardoso, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different environments and the time of
exposure in the environment on bone fracture patterns. They are taking a Forensic anthropological approach in which bone tissue quality (whether the
bone is dry(postmortem) or fresh (perimortem)), is used, instead of using time intervals relative to the tume of death. The Fractured Freshness Index,
which combines fracture angle, fracture surface, and fracture outline as criteria to determine the time of bone fracture, was used along with
postmortem interval. Fresh limbs from pig and goat were exposed to three different environments. Seven sets of ten segments of the limbs were either
buried, submerged, or left on ground surface. Five segments were pig and five were goat. Each sets were buried within twenty–eight days of the
previous. The postmortem intervals were 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 168, and 196 days. The first set was buried for 196 days and the last set was buried for 28

What Is Hydraulic Fracking?
Introduction
This report describes the basic principles of hydraulic fracturing pumps, and the instrumentation related to operate the process safely and successfully.
Throughout the report, it will discuss different types of pumps used, the control systems needed for ease of operation. Also, the hydraulic fracturing
process will be discussed.
The purpose of the report is to develop a full understanding of the devices and safety procedures in use on a Hydraulic Fracturing site. Without these in
place there is potential for damage to equipment, the environment or to personal health. Years ago Hydraulic Fracturing sites did not have the safety
features used today, which created a much more harsh environment to work in.
Hydraulic fracturing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is either flared on site. Flaring is the process where unwanted gasses are pumped up a stack and burned creating other, less harmful gas. Cold venting
is the alternative to flaring: it is where the gas is vented to the atmosphere, depending on location and surroundings. In an area where houses are nearby
methane is normally burned off in a flare to produce a less poisonous gas, rather than venting pure methane. When methane is released from the
flow–back and flaring is not an option, it is vented into the atmosphere. The methane is vented at a very high pressure in order to be lighter than air;
this allows the air to dilute the methane to below an explosive concentration. Methane has an explosive limit of 5.0 percent by volume therefore
without diluting it while venting an explosion would occur. Venting of methane on a hydraulic fracturing site is not visible by the human eye, although
it does produce some noise. One of the radioactive constituents in flow–back water is radium, a naturally occurring material. The Environmental
Protection Agency has a set limit for radium in drinking water and the amount found in samples taken from flow–back have exceeded these limits by
several hundreds. (Geochemical Evaluation of Flow–back Brine, n.d.). Throughout the past fifty plus years researchers and environmentalists have
determined the harmful effects of chemicals produced in industry. Therefore, with

Benefits Mining Fracking Sand
The question propose stated, do you think mining fracking sand would support the halakhah? Personally I don't think that the halakhah would support
the idea of mining fracking sand. There are many dangers into mining, and the side effects that come with mining are very terrifying. However, there
are also some benefits to mining fracking sand. I just don't think the benefits are worth the risk mining fracking sand proposes, and that's why I think
the halakhah wouldn't support the idea of mining fracking sand.
The first benefit to Mining fracking sand would be that it creates jobs. In order to properly mind we would need to create roads, add train tracks, and
need people to actually do the mining. We would need to create roads because we just... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The land needed to mine isn't purchased by the city, or state, so there aren't any roads or train tracks that make these areas accessible. That would
mean putting in roads would be very expensive. In a time where people are doing everything to get taxes lower, this project isn't needed. It would be a
waste of time considering how harmful it would be to the environment, and we would take away someone's private property. People enjoy their land
and don't always want to give it up. Land has some significant meaning to people, and they shouldn't be forced to forgo the land because someone
wants to mine. The halakhah supports not being selfish, but it does not support stealing someone's land. Paying higher taxes and loosing private
property can put people into severe depression, and that's something the halakha does not support.
Overall, the morals of the Halakhah would not support the idea of mining fracking sand. The Halakhah wants everyone to do the right thing, and that
clearly is not mining fracking sand. If we chose to mind fracking sand we would be taking away some citizens private property that they worked hard
for, the mining would pollute our air and drinking water, and taxes would increase so miners could insert roads and train tracks for the miners to get to
the location. These are the big reason why the halakhah would not support mining fracking sand, and to the best of my understanding this is the

Differences And Classification Of Depalma And Cautilli
Classification
DePalma and Cautilli first emphasized the difference between fractures with and without dislocation of the joint surfaces. Neer subsequently modified
and emphasized this fracture type in his classic four–part classification scheme.
Codman in 1934 was the first to observe that there were four major fracture fragments when a proximal humerus fracture occurred, and that these
occurred in varying combinations depending on the mechanism of injury . These fragments were the articular head, the greater and lesser tuberosities,
and the humeral shaft.1,2,122
Kocher's classification
He classified proximal humerus fractures based on anatomical level of fracture 1. Supratubercular 2. Pertubercular 3. Infratubercular 4. Subtubercular
Disadvantage of this system is that it doesn't allow for multiple fracture at different level , nor does it differentiate displaced from undisplaced fractures
, which require different management .
Watson and Jones Classification It is based on mechanism of injury mainly for surgical neck fractures. 1. Abduction type 2. Adduction type.
The deformity in these fracture type is anterior angulation. Disadvantage of this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He modified and improved on Codman's classification by emphasizing patterns and degree of displacement rather than the location of fracture lines. He
believed this gave important insight into humeral articular segment He emphasized the prognostic importance of fracture–dislocations, which he felt
had a high likelihood of osteonecrosis due to loss of soft tissue attachments to the humeral head . According to Neer , a fracture fragment is considered
displaced if there is more than 1 centimetre of separation or a fragment is angulated more than 45 degree from the adjacent fragment. If displacement is
less than this, then the fracture is considered to be "minimally displaced"Вќ regardless of the number of fracture lines(Fig

X Ray Versus Ct For Traumatic Paediatric Cervical Spine...
X–RAY VERSUS CT FOR TRAUMATIC PAEDIATRIC CERVICAL SPINE IMAGING: WHAT GUIDANCE DO CLINICANS HAVE?
Introduction:
Evidence shows that road traffic accidents are the most common cause of paediatric cervical spine (c–spine) injury, with many dying at the scene
(Booth, 2012). On presentation to the hospital, assessment of the paediatric patient requires recognition of subtle signs and symptoms, often in the
setting of distracting injuries (Jones, Anderson and Noonan, 2011). Since history taking from a paediatric trauma patient is especially difficult,
clinicians may be forced to use imaging for full evaluation (Tepper, Brice and Hobgood, 2013). This is a difficult decision to make, and formal
guidance is lacking (Booth, 2012).
With the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since high speed road traffic accidents are the most common cause of spinal injury in the under 8s (Egloff et al., 2009), clinicians should not be prudish
in their approach to imaging.
On examination, she was moving all four limbs spontaneously, and there was no evidence of neurological deficit. However, she avoided head
movement, choosing to look sideways with her eyes, and cried on palpation of her spinous processes. Marked soft tissue swelling on the neck and
torso from the seat restraints was noted, along with a bruise on her cheek. Slack and Clancy (2004) state that patients with an injury above the clavicles
and all patients involved in high speed vehicular accidents should be assumed to have a spinal injury.
Initially, a single view radiograph was requested to evaluate the potential injury findings. A horizontal–beam lateral was performed as it is the most
sensitive view at 75% in the under 8s, and 93% in over 8s and may even suffice as a standalone projection (Ropele, Bleck and Vander Laan, 2009),
which emphasises the importance of optimal imaging technique. The open–mouth odontoid images are difficult to acquire in young children due to
poor compliance and should not be routinely performed (Agius et al., 2012).
The resultant image demonstrated a possible atlanto–axial instability with anterior dislocation of C1 (fig. 1(a)). According to (Booth, 2012), the
anterior and posterior cervical and spinolaminar lines should be assessed (fig. 1(c)) recognizing that

Essay on Pre-Hospital Immobilization of Trauma Patients
It is appreciated that the given case study contains other factors such as psychological trauma and the impact of blood loss. However this essay is
going to explore the efficacy of pre hospital immobilisation utilising cervical collars and extrication/ orthopaedic stretchers, reflecting on an account
from the paramedic's practice. A modified framework of Gibbs Reflective cycle (1988) will be used. Including Description, Feelings, Evaluation,
Conclusion and Action Plan. This essay is supported throughout using relevant evidence and seminal work.
When working on an ambulance for a large ambulance service a case was given of a 27–year–old male who had been assaulted. On arrival at scene the
crew were met at the entrance to a block of flats ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fisher J.D et al (2006) details signs of specific spinal cord injury as: Neck or back pain. Parasthesia and loss of power in the limbs Sensation of
burning in the trunk or limbs. Sensation of electric shock in the trunk or limbs. 2
However the patient was immobilised with a cervical collar and extrication board and conveyed to the appropriate receiving hospital as Fisher J.D et al
(2006) also states all patients should have initial immobilisation if the mechanism of injury suggests possible spinal injury.
During handover of the patient the paramedic received criticism from a doctor implying unnecessary immobilisation of the patient. The immobilisation
equipment was removed in the Emergency Department and the patient subsequently began complaining of cervical spine tenderness.
Initial thoughts and feelings where to do what was in the best interest for the patient by preventing any further injury by immobilisation. At the hospital
the patient did not have an x–ray or have his c spine assessed prior to having traction removed. This may have been to the patient's detriment as he
could have suffered further injury. National Institute for Clinical Excellence guidelines (2007) would have been used by the receiving clinician and
these guidelines promote the use of the Canadian C–spine Rule developed by Stiell et al (2001) to triage the patient, which

Subacromial Bursitis Case Study
Possible diagnosis Signs and Symptoms Pharmacological treatment Subacromial Bursitis 1. Pain that worsens over winter (when patient had to
repetitively rake snow, possibly causing inflammation) 2. Pain located at the top and side of the shoulder (acromial area) Corticosteroid injection to
decrease pain and inflammation Non–traumatic Partial Supraspinatus Tear 1. Pain that worsens over winter (when patient had to repetitively rake
snow) 2. Pain at rest that increases with shoulder movement 3.Pain progressively worse over last 5 months Corticosteroid injection to decrease pain
and inflammation Impingement Syndrome (of Supraspinatus tendon) 1. Pain worsens in winter with increased need for overhead movement 2. Pain
located at the top and side of the shoulder (acromial area) 3. Pain that increases with flexion Ibuprofin 2. During inspection of the patient's affected
shoulder, name at least three key clinical aspects that you need to observe on both shoulders that would suggest any pathology or abnormality on the
shoulders. From the three clinical aspects that you observed, explain what each of the findings would indicate concerning the pathology of the shoulder.
For example if the shoulder is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In degenerative spondylolisthesis, radiographic findings include a spinous process below the level of the slip. X–rays of fracture spondylolisthesis
show the body, pedicles, and superior articular processes slipping forward above the level of the slip with the spinous process in it's usual position.
This disorder can be managed with physical therapy and reduced activity with an emphasis on forward flexion, as extension can further cause disruption
of the vertebrae. Pain medication and bracing can help decrease pain, though surgical intervention is sometimes necessary as a long term solution
(McKinnis,

Prediction Of The Stress And Strain Fields
Prediction of the stress and strain fields ahead of the crack tips
1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................2
2. Problem description and work flow process .............................................................................................3
3. Solving Methodology and Boundary conditions........................................................................................4
4. Analytical Solution .....................................................................................................................................6
5. Result and discussion.................................................................................................................................8
6. Conclusion................................................................................................................................................14
1. Introduction
Crack, It is the break without complete separation of the parts. Crack is one of the
structural damage of the material or any objects. Most high strength metals and high
strength alloys under some plastic deformation in regions of high stress concentration and
fracture precipitated by a crack. It is also called the plastic deformation of the material. The
cracks are only created when the material have take attained over the ultimate load or
stress, pressure, tension exerted on the

The Body Broken And An Automobile Accident At A Young Age...
Facing life changes due to unforeseen health problems that occur can be challenging. The author in the story, The Body Broken, had fractured her C2
through an automobile accident at a young age of 19. Her story is a remarkable journey of trials, which she continues with daily struggle to function.
When Lynne fractured her vertebrae is was due to the huge drop she faced when being ejected from the vehicle. Fractures such as this are due to a
blunt force trauma from hitting something, and the impact is made greater the bigger the fall. People may experience a fracture due to different reasons.
Fractures can occur due to some reasons such as disease causing the bone to be weakened, strain from repetitive motion, or blunt force (source). ...
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Several MRI's and CAT scans were performed. The doctors diagnosed that her fracture never did fully heal. The doctors were unconcerned with
paralysis since the fracture was old and just treated the pain. Lynne faced both physiological as well as psychological battles from her injury and the
problems that came with it. She struggled with her identity from in her family, as a mother, to also her identity in her career. Since her pain was
so excruciating at times, she separated herself from those closest to her, and became a hermit for periods of time. She experimented with every
drug regimen the doctors prescribed. She even tried marijuana. Some doctors suggested nerve blocks to lessen the pain. As doctors tried to find
what was causing the severity of her pain more tests were run. After some blood work was done they found she was very deficient in her nutrients
and vitamins. Doctors could not decide, what the primary factor in causing this new onset of pain was. It was undetermined if the pain was caused by
physiological or psychological. In a search for a doctor to fix her she met a neurosurgeon that suggested they could try spinal fusion. When the spinal
fusion did not reduce the pain, more narcotics were given. The struggle with drugs prescribed, the side effects and knowing which ones were actually
helping was a constant battle. She sought every effort to heal herself from

Informative Speech On Cervical Cancer Surgery
Cervical Cancer Surgery: What To Expect?
Cervical Cancer – Topic Overview
The cervical cancer indicates the growth of abnormal cells on the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. Cervical
cancer has the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide as it is the
fourth most causes of death from cancer in women. The American Cancer Society estimates that about 12,900 new cases of cervical cancer will be
diagnosed in 2015 and about 4100 women will die from it. The cervical cancer can be successfully treated if it's detected early through a Pap test. Here
we'll discuss about the causes, symptoms, treatment and cervical cancer surgery. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hysterectomy: During this type of surgery for treating cervical cancer, the uterus and cervix is removed.
2.Radical hysterectomy: Usually, this type of surgery is recommended for a very small percentage of women with early cervical cancer. This
procedure involves the removal of the uterus and cervix as well as the surrounding tissue and the upper part of the vagina. During this procedure, the
lymph nodes in the pelvis are removed. If this surgery is performed on older women then the ovaries are removed and if it is performed on the
younger women, then the ovaries are left behind so as to preserve the ovarian function.
3.Pelvic extenteration: This type of surgery is an option for women with recurrent or advanced cervical cancer. During this surgery, the cervix, uterus,
vagina, bladder, ovaries, rectum and nearby lymph nodes are removed. The tissues from elsewhere from the body is used for reconstructing the vagina.
The urine and stool is made to pass into the external bags.
Cervical Cancer survival rates:
The five year survival rate is the percentage of women who survive at least for five years after detection of cancer. The cervical cancer survival rates
for all stages are about 68%. If the cervical cancer is detected at an early stage, then the five–year survival rate is nearly

The Fusion Of Spinal Fusion
Spinal fusion is categorized into three different categories: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar, in conjunction with the different segments of the spine. Each
type of spinal fusion has a different goal depending on the purpose of the surgery. Most surgeries involve fusing vertebrae together to limit its range of
motion, thereby hopefully reducing the pain or correcting any physical deformities. Depending on the levels of fusion, spinal fusion surgeries tend to
last a few hours. Complications may arise during surgery, and they greatly increase depending the location of the fusion, levels of fusion, and if the
surgery crosses any important nerve sites. Levels of spinal fusion are known as the fusion between two different vertebrae. If there is a fusion
between L1 and L2, that is known as one level of fusion. If there is another site of fusion at L3 and L4, than there will be two levels of spinal fusion.
Lumbar fusion are further complicated when more then one level of performed. By limiting one segment's range of motion, other segments of the
spine will have to compensate and create greater range of motion. With lumbar fusion, most doctors will need to be able to identify why a patient
needs lumbar fusion, and being able to identify if lumbar fusion will help alleviate the pain. Most cases of lumbar fusion involve spondylolisthesis,
fractures, spinal stenosis, scoliosis, and possibly herniated disk if no other further treatment has proven successful. Most physicians will order an

Construction Of The Hull Of An Lng / C
In general the materials used for the construction of the hull of an LNG/C are the same used for the construction of other types of ships. However, the
selection of material's grade is the most important part for this type of ships. In fact, steel at low–temperature crystallizes and becomes subject of
brittle fractures. This is why the design of a LNG/C has to be very accurate to prevent the risk that the cargo, at its temperature (–163 В°C) may leak
on the hull structures and cause fractures. This event could lead to crack the hull in very short time and to its complete loss.
Figure 2, Steel Cutting of Hull No. 1585 145,000 M3 LNG/C
Physical and Mechanical Properties
The physical properties of an alloy depend on the percentage ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Figure 3, DNV Hull Structures Analysis according to IGC Code
According to vessel's specification (Appendix 1, Working Specification for GasLog 154,800 m3 LNG/C) in accordance with Vessel's Classification
Society requirements (ABS) and as an extension in accordance with DNV RoC requirements (Table C1 of Appendix 2, DNV RoC Part 5 Chapter 5
"Liquefied Gas Carriers") that they are considered to meet the requirements of the IGC Code, NV E grade steel should be used in various places, both
on outer and inner hull (i.e. high stressed areas) as well as in cargo areas. As low–temperature toughness is the key characteristic, TMCP processed
(Appendix 3, TMCP Process) steel plates are used is several places such as the inner plates of vapor domes.
According to DNV RoC for NV grade E steel (Table B3 of Appendix 4, DNV RoC Part 2 Chapter 2 "Metallic Materials"), the minimum yield strength
is 235 MPa, the tensile strength range is from 400 to 520 MPa and the impact energy test must be carried out at –40 В°C. The manufacturer, the
manufacturing process and its quality controls (Appendix 5, Manufacturing Process and Quality Control Points) must be approved by the classification
society. Such certificate would be like the "AMM–7117" for "Dongkuk Steel Mill Co., Ltd." (DNV–GL, 2014), where it specifies among others, the
approved grades, the fine grain treatment, the delivery condition and the maximum thickness.
Environmental Impact
Steel's carbon and energy environmental

Cervical Cancer Essay
Cervical cancer malignant cancer of the cervix uteris or cervical area. It may present with vaginal bleeding but symptoms may be absent until the
cancer is in its advanced stages, which has made cervical cancer the focus of intense screening efforts using the Pap smear. About 2.2 percent of
women carry one of the 2 virus strains most likely to lead to cervical cancer. One of the symptoms of Cervical Cancer is very Unusual amount of
discharge. Treatment consists of surgery in early stages and chemotherapy and radiotherapy in advanced stages of the disease. An effective HPV
vaccine against the two most common cancer–causing strains of HPV has recently been licensed in the U.S. These two HPV strains together are ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although there are several known risk factors for getting cervical cancer, no one knows exactly why one woman gets it and another doesn't. One of
the most important risk factors for cervical cancer is infection with a virus called HPV (human papillomavirus). HPV is a sexually transmitted disease
that is incredibly common in the population, one study showed that 43% of college age women were infected in a 3–year period. HPV is the virus that
causes genital warts, but having genital warts doesn't necessarily mean you are going to get cervical cancer. There are different subtypes, or strains,
of HPV. Only certain subtypes are likely to cause cervical cancer, and the subtypes that cause warts are unlikely to cause a cancer. Often, infection with
HPV causes no symptoms at all, until a woman develops a pre–cancerous lesion mostly of the cervix. Because infection with a STD is a risk factor for
cervical cancer, any risk factors for developing STD are also risk factors for developing cervical cancer. Women who have had many or several male
sexual partners, having sexual intercourse at an early age, or have had male sexual partners who are considered high risk (meaning that they have had
several sexual partners and/or began having sexual intercourse at an early age) are at higher risks for developing Cervical

Chief Complaints Case Study
Chief Complaint
Possible [____]
History
I did receive a significant amount of records from this patient's PCP, as well as neurology consult in followup and infectious disease notes. In short, he
is a 67–year–old right–handed white male who while living in Alaska developed some hip pain, as well as medial right hand numbness. He did have an
EMG on 10/2000 that showed ulnar neuropathy with cubital tunnel syndrome on the right. Ulnar nerve transposition was considered, but the patient
deferred this. He did have an MRI of the cervical spine, which revealed most significantly C3–4, moderate bilateral neuroforaminal narrowing, C4–5
severe left and moderate right neuroforaminal narrowing, C5–6 severe bilateral neuroforaminal narrowing. He did ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He underwent blood testing and was found to be positive for Lyme, including positive Western blot. He was then treated with courses of doxycycline.
After this treatment, he did develop some weakness in his left upper extremity. He was seen by infectious disease, who ordered a second course of
doxycycline. He was also experiencing right hand cramping during this time, as well as myalgias, arthralgias, and chronic fatigue. He did see a
neurologist starting last year. That neurologist noted that the patient had improvement in his symptoms of his left upper extremity weakness after his
second treatment with doxycycline, which did not include steroids. He felt that this favored possible Lyme associated radiculopathy. He did note that
the patient did have a positive MRI that could explain his radicular symptoms and thought possibly that he had a partially compromised left cervical
root, which became inflamed and more symptomatic during his Lyme disease. On his last evaluation with neurology at Manchester VA on 06/08/2015,
it was noted that his left upper extremity weakness had improved. However, he was starting to have dysesthesia in the C4–5 dermatome on the left
upper extremity. The patient claims that that is his

Clopidogrel And Hip Fractures : A Systematic Review
Clopidogrel and Hip fractures: A Systematic Review Christopher G.K.M. Soo*, Paul Della Torre**, Michael Shatwellв‰ *Orthopaedic surgery
department, Port Macquarie Base Hospital **Orthopaedic surgery department, Concord Repatriation Hospital в‰ Orthopaedic surgery department,
Port Macquarie Base Hospital Correspondence Dr Christopher Soo: 121 Carlisle Ave, Blackett, NSW 2770, Australia Email: gavin.soo@gmail.com
Fax: +612 96284242 C. G. K. M. Soo MB BS P. Della Torre FRACS, FAOrthoA M. Shatwell Authors declare that there are no conflicts on interests,
and they are not in receipt of any research scholarships or funding for this paper Key Words orthopaedics, clopidogrel, anticoagulant, surgical blood
loss, hip fracture... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Studies were identified by searching the Cochrane database, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google scholar and bibliographies of relevant published articles.
The primary outcome measures were the number of allogeneic blood transfusion exposures, the units transfused per patient, the postoperative
haemoglobin and the mean drop in haemoglobin levels. Results A total of 4219 studies were identified. After removal of duplicates and after
exclusion criteria were applied, there were 13 studies to be included. All 13 were case series with controls. Conclusions Most of the literature is made
up of low quality retrospective non–randomised cohort studies with small sample sizes. Ultimately, large multi–centred, adequately powered,
well–designed randomised trials are needed to establish clearer guidelines for the management of these patients. On the available evidence, we
recommend that these patients can be managed by normal protocols with early surgery. Operating early on patients on clopidogrel is safe and does
not appear to confer any clinically significant bleeding risk. As reported in other studies, we believe clopidogrel, if possible, should not be withheld
throughout the perioperative period due to increased risk of cardiovascular events associated with stopping clopidogrel. However these medically
higher risk patients should be monitored closely in the perioperative period and care must be taken intraoperatively to minimise blood loss due

Scaphoid Report Sample
Summery
Background
Clinical evaluation of suspected scaphoid injury is based on history, inspection and physical examination. Improving the accuracy of the
non–radiological part of the evaluation will limit unnecessary immobilization and expensive imaging modalities when standard radiographs appear
normal.
Objectives
To provide an overview of available clinical evaluation tests for scaphoid fractures and to compare their diagnostic accuracies.
Methods
We performed a systematic review of all studies assessing diagnostic characteristics of clinical evaluation in scaphoid fractures by searching
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases. Only studies on clinical testing prior to radiographic evaluation and with acceptable
reference standard for occult fractures were included. Thirteen relevant articles were analysed that described a total of 25 tests. Diagnostic
characteristics of the tests were used to construct contingency tables. If possible, data were pooled and summary receiver operating characteristic
curves (SROC) were fitted.
Results
The search provided 2072 titles of which 13 were relevant and eligible for data extraction. A total of 23 tests were described, 10 of them ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Specificity of ASB ranged from 0.03 to 0.98; for LTC, 0.22 to 0.97. Owing to considerable heterogeneity, pooled estimate points were not calculated.
Other high–sensitivity tests were scaphoid tubercle tenderness, with sensitivity and specificity ranging from 0.82 to 1.00 and 0.17 to 0.57, respectively,
and painful ulnar deviation, ranging from 0.67 to 1.00 and 0.17 to 0.60, respectively. Three studies showed that combining tests increased the
specificity and post–test fracture probability while maintaining high sensitivity. Quality assessment mainly showed high or unclear risk of bias and
applicability concerns in reference standard and patient selection. Twelve study designs were prospective, one was

Gymnasts In Gymnastics
Gymnastics is a very difficult sport that takes a lot of commitment. Many children take on gymnastics at a young age and strive to become Olympic
gymnasts by competing their whole lives, but not a lot of people are able to pursue that dream due to the challenges that come with being a gymnast.
Coaches are currently conditioning and training their gymnasts at very demanding and advanced levels. Although the sport has several positive health
benefits on the body, it also puts gymnasts at a very high risk of injury. It is not very common for theseinjuries to be severe, however, if they are not
treated properly it is likely for them to lead to chronic pain and even bone fractures.
One of a gymnasts' most common injuries is a stress fracture involving the lower back. The medical term for this is Spondylosis. The back is a very
crucial part of gymnastics, it is constantly working hard and being used. Amongst gymnasts, the most common cause of a stress fracture is overuse.
However, they can also occur due to an awkward fall or a fall from a height. Almost everything in gymnastics calls for a combination of great speed
and power which puts any gymnast at high risk of falling or landing wrong. Whether it's a fall or an awkward landing, the pressure is being applied to
the spine and joints, increasing the chances of injury. Back injuries in adolescent athletes stem from repetitive stressful body movements, like bending
and twisting that can cause trauma to the spinal column. The

The Most Important Part Of Prescribing An Exercise Program
Exercise Assessment The most important part of prescribing an exercise program is the proper assessment of the client to ensure they are
physically, mentally, and healthy enough to engage in a certain type of program. With any female client 55 years of age or older, risk for
cardiovascular disease (CVD) should always be assessed. This will help determine how to properly proceed with the development of an exercise
program. According to the ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, reviewing health and medical history is the first step in
assessing risk for CVD (American College of Sports Medicine, 2014). If there is a known disease this puts a person at an immediate high risk for CVD
and special precautions should be... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A normal BMI range is 18.5–24.9; less than 18.5 is underweight; 25–29.9 is overweight; and greater than or equal to 30 is considered obese. These
values are important to remember and keeping in mind those with a low BMI (less than 18.5) greatly increases their risk for fractures in the pelvis
and ribs (Compston et al., 2014) .
After assessing an individual's health status and risk for CVD, as well as gathering anthropometric data, getting more specific with evaluating specific
risks related to osteoporosis would be the next step. With individuals who have osteoporosis, assessing their risk for falls and fractures are two very
important objectives to developing an exercise prescription. A low BMI may tell you that an individual is at an increased risk but there is much
more that should be considered in this assessment process. Knowing the history of a client is important and understanding that with any type of
previous fracture will also automatically increase the individual's risk for reoccurring fractures. Also, by simply looking at someone's standing
stance can be an indicator as well, if their stance is narrower there is a better chance of losing balance and if the stance is wider the person will be
more stable. I one year study observing the fall predictions in 225 female and 45 male elderly individuals with an average age of 73 years showed that
the

Trauma And Injury Research Paper
Mobility/Trauma and Injury/Fractures
Mobility/Trauma and Injury/Fractures
Jo Ann Swain El Centro College AND Program 10–1–16
MOBILITY
Mobility refers to all the body movements that we make including the movements that are required for our bodies to function adequately as when we
are able to make purposeful gross and fine movements. These are necessary to carry out activities of daily living. The musculoskeletal system along
with the nervous system need to work together in order to achieve mobility. In order to achieve mobility our bodies also require oxygen, as well as
perfusion throughout the body. The body will achieve mobility by using energy and muscle... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The positive outcome for Mr. T would be for healing of the hipfracture with a return to as full ambulation as possible and without pain. This positive
outcome would allow Mr. T will be able to remain independent.
Staff, B. M. (n.d.). Hip fracture. Retrieved October 02, 2016, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases–conditions/hip–fracture/basics/definition
/con–20021033
Pelvic Fractures–OrthoInfo – AAOS. (n.d.). Retrieved October 02, 2016, from http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00520
Nursing Standard – 26(10):49 – Abstract (RCNi). Retrieved October 02, 2016, from http://journals.rcni.com/doi/pdfplus/10.7748
/ns2011.11.26.10.49.c8816
Lewis, S., Dirksen, S., Heitkemper, M., Bucher, L. (2014). Medical–Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems, 9th Edition.
[VitalSource Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/9780323086783/pages 1525–1527
Giddens, J. (2013). Concepts for Nursing Practice. [VitalSource Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books
/978–0–323–08376–8/

Compartment Syndrome: Causes, Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Treatments. (n.d.). Retrieved October 02, 2016, from

Skull Fracture Research Paper
Skull Fracture, Pediatric
A skull fracture is a break or crack in one of the bones that make up the skull. Skull fractures range in severity. They are usually more serious if:
They happen with an injury to the brain, spine, nerves, or blood vessels.
The fractured bone has moved out of place. Bones that have moved can push into the brain or nearby bones.
The fractured bone is at the back or bottom (base) of the skull.
Most children with a skull fracture make a full recovery.
CAUSES
This condition is usually caused by a forceful injury to the head. This can happen from:
A fall.
A hard, direct hit (blow) to the head.
A car crash.
RISK FACTORS The following factors may make your child more likely to fracture... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nerve weakness in the face.
Difficulty with hearing or smelling.
Confusion.
Weakness or numbness in one side or one area of the body.
DIAGNOSIS
This condition is diagnosed with a physical exam and imaging tests, such as:
X–rays.
CT scan.
MRI.
TREATMENT

Most skull fractures heal without treatment in 1–6 months. Others require surgery to correct the position of any bones that have moved. Surgery may
also be required to correct injuries to other areas of the head or spine. Medicine may be given for symptoms like headaches or nausea.
HOME CARE INSTRUCTIONS
Give–or make sure that your child takes–over–the–counter or prescription medicines only as told by your child's health care provider.
Watch your child closely while he or she heals. Watch for any new symptoms or changes in your child's condition.
Ask your child's health care provider what activities are safe for your child to do while he or she recovers.
Keep all follow–up visits as told by your child's health care provider. This is important.
PREVENTION
SEEK MEDICAL CARE IF:
Your child feels confused.
Your child develops ongoing (persistent) headaches that are not relieved by

Essay On Cervical Cancer
Introduction
The cells in our bodies all have certain jobs to do. Normal cells divide in an orderly way. They die when they are damaged, and new cells take their
place. Cancer is when the cells start to growth out of control, meanly know as malignancy. The cancer cells keep on growing and making new cells.
They crowd out normal cells. This causes problems in the part of the body where the cancer started. Cancer is not just one disease. There are many
types of cancer. Cancer can start in the lungs, the breast, the colon, or even in the blood. Cancers are alike in some ways, but they are different in the
ways they grow and spread. The most common types of cancer in the U.S are; Bladder cancer, Breast cancer,Cervical cancer, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Start a sexual active life at an early age, and have sex with different sexual partners follows as a risk factor. HIV, multiple pregnancy, and the birth
control pills, are others risk factors associated to the cervical cancer. Smoking is an important risk factor, nicotine has been found in the cervical
mucus; it increases the possibilities to develop cervical cancer by weakening the immune system and the person is more susceptible to be infected by
HPV (American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, 2010). In thinking about risk factors, it helps to focus on those you can change or
avoid (like smoking or human papilloma virus infection), rather than those you cannot (such as your age and family history). However, it is still
important to know about risk factors that cannot be changed, because it's even more important for women who have these factors to get regular Pap
tests to detect cervical cancer early.
The NHS (National Health Service) Cervical Screening Program began in 1988, the rate of women diagnosed with cervical cancer in the United
Kingdom has halved from 16 per 100,000 in 1988 to 8 per 100,000. (See image 1A, page

Misunderstood Fractures
Medline Plus defines a traumatic fracture as a trauma sustained by a fall or an auto accident; also known as a broken bone, this is when the bone
cracks or breaks during a high impact situation. The traumatic fracture can also be stress fractures where the bone breaks due to overuse whereas a
compound or open fracture tend to cut through the skin. Compound fractures, unlike a closed or simple fracture which is hard to see because it does
not protrude through the surface. But one of the most misunderstood fractures is the sacral fracture located at the bottom of the spine its noted on
Orthobullets website as being a fracture resulting from a neurologic compromise that affects both the elderly and young adults alike. While pathologic
fractures

Persuasive Essay On Athletes
Somewhere at this very moment someone is arguing and complaining about the unfair and unequal society. One of those unfair situations is the
salaries among professional athletes and how their bank accounts are filling up with enormous paychecks. Athletes are active workers just like
others, they go to work and they perform. What happens if they do not perform? They will get fired. So just because athletes work with what they
are meant to do does not give the right to complain about how unfair life is. Almost everyone has the opportunity to choose their own path,
whether it is to be a professional athlete, salesman or a plumber. Athletes choose their way of life, and just because of individual failures or
different careers the blame is put on athletes and their work. Now that is unfair and unequal Everyone can throw a ball into a basket, kick a ball
into the net, or shoot a puck into a goal. How is it that athletes run around on a field and earn millions of dollars, while a doctor that saves lives earn
hundreds of thousands of dollars less? That's easy, they do not have that talent. The best basketball player in the history of the game, Michael
Jordan played in the NBA for 15 seasons where he compiled 1,072 games whereof 1,039 from start. During this period, he gathered a total of 32,292
points, 6,672 rebounds, 5,663 assists, 2,514 steals and 893 blocks (NBA). Wayne Gretzky, also known as "The Great One", is the best player in the
NHL's history. He played a total of 1,487

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