The document describes three models of urban land use: Burgess's 1924 model of Chicago which had 5 socioeconomic zones radiating from the city center; Hoyt's 1939 sector model based on 142 US cities which arranged zones in wedge-shaped sectors along transport lines; and the functional zone model which arranges zones from the CBD to outer suburbs based on housing type and infrastructure. The models attempt to explain typical land use patterns in cities but have limitations as they do not account for variations between individual cities.

2.  1924
 Based on outward
expansion of Chicago
 Contained 5 zones
reflecting function and
socio economic groupings
 Assumes
 Flat city, equal advantages in
all areas
 Transport systems very
limited
 Land values high in center,
fall rapidly
 Poor lived close to place of
work
 Limitations
 Specific to one place
 Doesn’t take into account
mass transportation
 Found almost nowhere

3.  1939
 Based on 142 US cities
 Accounts for land use
and socio economics
 Based on sectors
 Assumptions
 Highest rent alongside
main lines of transport/
communication
 Zones are wedge in shape
 Grow outwards
 Limitations
 Similar to Burgess
 Assumes nature of zones
will remain the same (no
change in status or use)

4.  4 Middle class housing
 Semi detached housing
 1 to 2 story homes
 Usually with smaller yards
 5 High class housing
 Most expensive residential properties
 Single family homes – often ornate
 Green space with garage – space
between neighbors
 6 Rural Urban Fringe (RUF) – Outer
suburbs
 Commuter villages/towns
 Suburban planned developments with
large laws, cul-de-sac
Functional Zones/ Sectors 1-6
 1 CBD – Central Business District
 Commerce, entertainment, office,
government
 Best transportation links thus highest land
value
 2Transition/ twilight zone
 Light manufacturing, blighted, vacant
areas, high crime
 3 Low class (working class) housing
 High density occupants
In the past, worked in nearby factories.
 May be multiple family dwellings,
low rise apartments, row or attached
housing
 Some evidence of blight/ abandonment

5.  Functional
Zones/Sectors
 CBD – Similar to MEDC – more
crowded/ congested
 Inner Zone – mix of modern
housing and colonial era,
wealthy – many work in CBD
 Middle Zone – Improved homes
but poor quality, basic
infrastructure (electricity, water,
sewage)
 Outer Zone –rudimentary
housing – slums/shanties, self
constructed hoses, lacks
infrastructure
 Industry develops along lines of
transportation and fringe of CBD

6.  Three MajorTypes of Land Use
1. Shops and Offices
2. Industry
3. Housing
 Other significant uses include open space,
transport and services (schools, hospitals and
shops)
 As cities develop their own pattern it is likely to
become more complex (pg. 156)
 ReviewVideo

7. 1. Look at diagram E.
a. What do the letters CBD mean?
b. Give two main functions of the CBD.
c. In which zone is industry the main
function?
d. In which zone is the most expensive
housing?
e. In which zone is the cheapest housing?

8. 2. Compare the land use and functions of
Carlisle in photo C and map D with those of
the Burgess model in diagramA.
1. Give three similarities between Carlisle and the model
2. Give three differences between Carlisle and the model
3. Draw a simple land use model of your
nearest town or city. Does it have any
obvious similarities to or differences from
the Burgess model?