The document discusses different aspects of city planning and development, including: - The characteristics of different parts of a city from the central business district to the outer suburbs and rural-urban fringe. - Identifying social, economic, and environmental needs for developing urban areas and how planners can meet these needs in a sustainable way. - Key terms related to retail provision like sphere of influence, threshold population, and the differences between low-order convenience goods and high-order goods. - How and why retail provision and services have changed over time due to factors like improved transport, increased spending power of consumers, and changing consumer wants and needs.

1. Settlement revision
LO: To understand all aspects from
the topic of settlement

2. The different parts of a city:
Your task:
What is each part of
the city like?
Make a list of the
characteristics of each
part of the city.
-The CBD
-The inner city
-The inner suburbs
-The outer suburbs
-The rural/urban
fringe
Think: Where would you find –
a). The most expensive land?
b). The newest developments?
c). Brownfield land?
d). Greenfield land?
e). Businesses?
f). Families?
g). Old factories?

3. Developing urban areas:
Your task: Make a copy of the table below, and put
the needs into the correct columns; suggesting
how planners could meet these needs.
Social Needs How/where
?
Economic
needs
How/where
?
Environmental
needs
How/whe
re?
Housing Better transport systems and routes Waste disposal
Jobs More green spaces More social activities, e.g. golf/parks
SUSTAINABILITY:
Think:
How could you make each of these needs sustainable?
Is all development sustainable?

4. Key words/phrases:
Sphere of Influence:
The area that people
come from to buy
things. Shops that sell
large, high order goods
have bigger spheres of
influence than
convenience goods (low
order goods)
Threshold
population:
The minimum
population
needed to
support a shop.
Higher order
good shops
have a higher
threshold.
Low order goods:
Goods bought
frequently, e.g.
food. These are
also called
convenience
goods.
High order goods:
Goods that are
bought less
frequently, e.g.
Electrical
goods, furniture etc.
These are more
expensive and may
be called

5. Changes in retail provision over time:
Think:
a). Why has retail provision changed over time?
b). What retail service is there more of now - Those selling comparison or convenience
goods?
c). Where are you more likely to find high order goods stores – places with a higher or
lower population? Why?

6. Why has retail changed over time?
Transport:
Money:
A want:
Your task:
Explain each of the pictures above to explain why retail provision
and services have changed over time.
Extension: Can you add any more reasons?