AS Geography - Urban morphology and model
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The document discusses several urban morphology models: 1) Burgess' concentric zone model which depicts a city growing outward from the central business district in concentric rings with different land uses and building types. 2) Hoyt's sector model where cities grow in wedge-shaped sectors driven by the location of industries. 3) A LEDC model where housing quality decreases with distance from the central business district unlike in MEDCs. It also briefly covers bid rent theory which explains how land uses result from economic competition for accessible locations.
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![Urban Model 1: Burgess’ Concentric Zone Model ,[object Object],A - Central Business District (CBD): - most accessible to the largest number of people - contains services such as shops, offices, banks, etc. - multi-storey buildings as land is very expensive (build upwards to save cost)](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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3) The sector model recognizes that transport lines influence land use patterns, forming wedges of similar uses radiating from roads rather than perfect circles.
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- 3. Urban Model 1: Burgess’ Concentric Zone Model B - ‘Twilight Zone’ - has 2 sections: 1 - wholesale light manufacturing (transitional) 2 - low class residential (old inner city areas): - 19 Century terraced buildings - no gardens - cheap, dirty slum areas - GRID IRON street pattern - high rise blocks were built after slums were pulled down - attract crime - old industries found here
- 4. Urban Model 1: Burgess’ Concentric Zone Model C - Council Estates : Semi-detached housing with gardens in large estates. Less expensive private estates also here. Not top quality (medium class residential). INTER WAR AREA D - Commuter Zone: High class residential area. Private, top quality housing. Detached and semi-detached on cheap land. People can live here as are prepared to pay to get to work.
- 5. Urban Model 1: Burgess’ Concentric Zone Model E - Countryside Areas (suburb / exurbs): Countryside surrounding the urban area. Can also contain villages / hamlets in which town / city workers live.
- 6. A key point to remember A key thing to remember is that different text books and resources will use different labels for the different parts of the model. It is very important that you are familiar with them all so make sure that you use Essential Geography and Integrated Geography as a basis for your notes
- 7. Urban Model 2: Hoyts’ Sector Model A – Central Business District B1 – Wholesale Light Manufacturing B2 – Low Class Residential C – Council Estates D – Commuter Zone (Suburbs) E - Countryside Hoyt proposed the idea that towns grew as sectors or "wedges". That means that if, for example, industry grew up in one part of a 19th century town, future industry would then develop in that sector. As the town grew, so would the area of industry and therefore it would grow out in a wedge shape.
- 8. City Transect This city transect shows a cross section through a city. The CBD is located in the centre of the diagram and the other areas are clearly marked. On your diagram, add 10 labelled arrows which show changes in the three quality of life environments towards and away from the centre of the city. Examples: traffic, costs, vegetation, etc. Increase in vegetation
- 9. City Transect Examples of labels Increase in crime Decrease in traffic congestion Increase in housing cost Decrease in land costs Decrease in services Increase in building height Increase in vegetation Decrease in space Increase in competition for land Decrease in car ownership
- 10. Urban Model 3: LEDC Model Cities in LEDCs have a very different land use pattern to those in MEDCs. The CBD is dominated by modern administrative and commercial activities. Richer people live in modern high-rise apartments around the CBD. Recently arrived migrants from rural areas live in derelict land and on the outskirts. Housing quality decreases with distance from the CBD, unlike in MEDCs, where quality increases with distance from the CBD.