osteology of ischium and pubic

1. S M BADAR HAYAT
TUTOR
DEPARTMENT OF
ANATOMY
NMCH, JAMUHAR

2.  INTRODUCTION
 FEATURES
 ACETABULUM
 ATTACHMENTS
 SEX DIFFERENCE
 OSSIFICATION
 APPLIED ANATOMY

4.  It forms the
lower and
posterior part of
hip bone and
contributes to
form a little more
than lower and
posterior 2/5th of
the articular
surface of
acetabulum.

5. BODY
It has 2 parts :
RAMUS
BODY POSSESSES
2 ENDS UPPER LOWER *
3 BORDERS ANTERIOR LATERAL POSTERIOR
3 SURFACES FEMORAL DORSAL PELVIC

6.  ENDS:
i. UPPER END: Its forms a part of acetabular
cavity and is fused with ilium and pubis.
ii. LOWER END: It gives off the ramus; forms part
of the ischial tuberosity.
 Surfaces:
1) Femoral surface: It faces downwards, forwards
and laterally towards thigh and lies between
the lateral and anterior border.
2) Dorsal surface: It faces upwards, backwards
and laterally and lies between the lateral and
posterior borders. It is continuation above
with the gluteal surface of ilium.

7.  It is wide near its upper part and tapers
downwards.
 It is divided into an upper quadrilateral and a
lower triangular area by a transverse ridge.
a. Upper area: It is divided by an oblique ridge into
i. Upper lateral part:
ii. Upper medial part:
b. Lower area: It is divided by an irregular vertical
line into
i. Smaller medial part:
ii. Larger lateral part:

8. 3) Pelvic surface: It is a
smooth surface which
forms the lateral wall of
ischio-rectal fossa.
 Borders :
i. Anterior border: forms
posterior margin of
obturator foramen.
ii. Lateral border: separates
the femoral surface from
ischial tuberosity.
iii. Posterior border:
continuous above with the
posterior border of ilium
and helps to form the
greater sciatic notch.

9.  ISCHIAL SPINE: It is
a prominent
projection at the
posterior end of this
border.
 LESSER SCIATIC
NOTCH: It is a
shallow notch below
the ischial spine on
the posterior border.
 The notch is
converted into a
foramen by
sacrospinous
ligament.

10.  It passes upwards, forwards and medially
from the body of ischium to join the inferior
ramus of pubis.
2 borders
 It possesses:
2 surfaces
2 borders Upper lower
2 surfaces Anterior posterior

11. 1. Upper border: It helps to bound the
obturator foramen and gives attachment to
obturator membrane
2. Lower border: It forms the lateral boundary
of urogenital traingle.
 It is rough and gives attachment to fascia
lata and membranous layer of superficial
fascia of perineum.

12. 1. Anterior surface: It is
continous with anterior
surface of inferior ramus
of pubis.
2. Posterior surface: this
surface is divided into
pelvic and perineal areas
by an indistinct ridge
a) Pelvic area: It faces
upwards and backwards.
 Obturator internus arises
from this part.
b) Perineal area: It faces
medially ; its upper part
is related medially to the
crus of penis(clitoris of
female).

17.  It forms the anterior part
of hip bone and
articulates with the
opposite bone forming a
secondary cartilaginous
joint called pubic
symphysis.
 It forms upper and
anterior 1/5th of the
articular surface of
acetabulum.
 Its has 3 parts:
1. Body
2. Superior ramus
3. Inferior ramus

18.  It is flattened from before backwards and
connects the superior ramus with inferior
ramus.
 It possesses:
a) 3 surfaces
 Anterior
 Pelvic (posterior)
 symphysial
b) 1 border- pubic crest

19.  Anterior surface: It faces downwards and
forwards .
 Posterior surface: It forms the anterior
wall of true pelvis.
 Symphysial surface: It is rough , oval and
elongated surface which articulates with
symphysial surface of the opposite pubis.
It is covered by a layer of hyaline cartilage
.
 Pubic crest: It is the rounded free, upper
border of pubis.
 Pubic tubercle: It is a rounded tubercle at
the lateral end of the pubic crest. It is
crossed by spermatic cord in males and
round ligament of uterus in females

20.  It passes laterally and backwards from the
upper and lateral part of the body and lies
above the obturator foramen.
 It possesses:
3 BORDERS OBTURATOR
CREST
PECTINEAL
LINE
INFERIOR
3 SURFACES PECTINEAL PELVIC OBTURATOR

21.  Border:
1. Obturator crest: it is rounded margin which
begins from the anterior part of pubic tuberce
and passes laterally to the anterior part of
acetabular cavity.
 It separetes the pectineal from the obturator
surface.
2. Pectineal line: It is sharp border which begins
from the posterior part of pubic tubercle and
passes laterally and backwards to become
continuous with the arcuate line.
 It separates the pectineal line from the pelvic
surface.
3. Inferior border: it is sharp border and forms
upper boundary of obturator foramen.

22.  Surfaces:
1. Pectineal surface: It
faces anteriorly and
slightly upwards and
lies between
obturator crest and
pectineal line.
2. Pelvic surface: It is a
smooth surface
facing upwards and
backwards and lies
between pectineal
line and inferior
border.
3. Obturator surface: It
faces downwards and
backwards and lies
between obturator
crest and inferior
border.

23.  It springs from the lower and lateral part of the
body and unites with the ramus of ischium on
the medial side of obturator foramen.
 It posses:
2 BORDER MEDIAL LATERAL
2 SURFACES ANTERIOR POSTERIOR

24.  Border:
1. Medial border: It is
prominently everted
in males as it is in
contact with the crus
of penis
2. Lateral border: It
forms medial
boundary of the
obturator foramen .

26.  Surfaces:
1. Anterior surface: It is
continuous with anterior surface
of body.
 It faces forwards and laterally
and lies between the two
borders.
2. Posterior surface: It is
continuous above with posterior
suface of the body and below
with posterior surface of the
ramus of ischium.

27.  This surfaces is divided arbitrarily into 3
area by 2 indistinct ridges-
a. Medial area: It is in contact with crus of
penis.
b. Intermediate area: It is related to dorsal
nerve of penis or clitoris and internal
pudendal vessels. It may be origin to
sphincter urethrae.
c. Lateral area: gives origin to obturator
internus

28.  It is also called acetabular
cavity.
 It is deep cup- shaped hollow
in the hip bone which faces
laterally, downwards and
forwards.
 It articulates with the head of
femur.
 All 3 parts of the bone
contribute in its formation.
 pubis forms upper and
anterior 1/5th of acetabulum.
 Ischium forms posterior and
lower 2/5th of acetabulum
 Ilium contributes to the rest
of its extent
 It is covered everywhere with
articular cartilage except in
the acetabular fossa.

29. 1. Acetabular notch: It is a gap in the margin of
the cavity inferiorly.
 Two ends of the notch give attachment to
transverse acetabular ligament which bridges
the gap.
2. Acetabular fossa: It is rough, non-articular
floor of the cavity.
 It is covered by a pad of fat.
3. Lunate surface: It is a horse shoe-shaped
articular surface at the sides of the cavity.
 It articulates with the head of femur.

30.  It is a large opening in the
bone between pubis and
ischium below and
acetabulum in front.
 Boundaries:
i. Above and in front by
superior ramus and body
of pubis,
ii. Below and medially by
ischio-pubic ramus
iii. Behind by body of ischium
and
iv. Above by inferior margin
of acetabulum.
v. It is large and oval in
males, small and triangular
in females.