The document provides details on the anatomy of the hip bone, including its key parts and features. It describes the three parts that make up the hip bone - the ilium, ischium, and pubis. It outlines the structures and surfaces of each part, including the acetabulum, ischial tuberosity, obturator foramen, and pubic crest. Sex differences in anatomy are also briefly mentioned.

1. S M BADAR HAYAT
TUTOR
DEPARTMENT OF
ANATOMY
NMCH, JAMUHAR

2.  INTRODUCTION
 FEATURES
 ACETABULUM
 ATTACHMENTS
 SEX DIFFERENCE
 OSSIFICATION
 APPLIED ANATOMY

4.  It forms the
lower and
posterior part of
hip bone and
contributes to
form a little more
than lower and
posterior 2/5th of
the articular
surface of
acetabulum.

5. BODY
It has 2 parts :
RAMUS
BODY POSSESSES
2 ENDS UPPER LOWER *
3 BORDERS ANTERIOR LATERAL POSTERIOR
3 SURFACES FEMORAL DORSAL PELVIC

6.  ENDS:
i. UPPER END: Its forms a part of acetabular
cavity and is fused with ilium and pubis.
ii. LOWER END: It gives off the ramus; forms part
of the ischial tuberosity.
 Surfaces:
1) Femoral surface: It faces downwards, forwards
and laterally towards thigh and lies between
the lateral and anterior border.
2) Dorsal surface: It faces upwards, backwards
and laterally and lies between the lateral and
posterior borders. It is continuation above
with the gluteal surface of ilium.

7.  It is wide near its upper part and tapers
downwards.
 It is divided into an upper quadrilateral and a
lower triangular area by a transverse ridge.
a. Upper area: It is divided by an oblique ridge into
i. Upper lateral part:
ii. Upper medial part:
b. Lower area: It is divided by an irregular vertical
line into
i. Smaller medial part:
ii. Larger lateral part:

8. 3) Pelvic surface: It is a
smooth surface which
forms the lateral wall of
ischio-rectal fossa.
 Borders :
i. Anterior border: forms
posterior margin of
obturator foramen.
ii. Lateral border: separates
the femoral surface from
ischial tuberosity.
iii. Posterior border:
continuous above with the
posterior border of ilium
and helps to form the
greater sciatic notch.

9.  ISCHIAL SPINE: It is
a prominent
projection at the
posterior end of this
border.
 LESSER SCIATIC
NOTCH: It is a
shallow notch below
the ischial spine on
the posterior border.
 The notch is
converted into a
foramen by
sacrospinous
ligament.

10.  It passes upwards, forwards and medially
from the body of ischium to join the inferior
ramus of pubis.
2 borders
 It possesses:
2 surfaces
2 borders Upper lower
2 surfaces Anterior posterior

11. 1. Upper border: It helps to bound the
obturator foramen and gives attachment to
obturator membrane
2. Lower border: It forms the lateral boundary
of urogenital traingle.
 It is rough and gives attachment to fascia
lata and membranous layer of superficial
fascia of perineum.

12. 1. Anterior surface: It is
continous with anterior
surface of inferior ramus
of pubis.
2. Posterior surface: this
surface is divided into
pelvic and perineal areas
by an indistinct ridge
a) Pelvic area: It faces
upwards and backwards.
 Obturator internus arises
from this part.
b) Perineal area: It faces
medially ; its upper part
is related medially to the
crus of penis(clitoris of
female).

17.  It forms the anterior part
of hip bone and
articulates with the
opposite bone forming a
secondary cartilaginous
joint called pubic
symphysis.
 It forms upper and
anterior 1/5th of the
articular surface of
acetabulum.
 Its has 3 parts:
1. Body
2. Superior ramus
3. Inferior ramus

18.  It is flattened from before backwards and
connects the superior ramus with inferior
ramus.
 It possesses:
a) 3 surfaces
 Anterior
 Pelvic (posterior)
 symphysial
b) 1 border- pubic crest

19.  Anterior surface: It faces downwards and
forwards .
 Posterior surface: It forms the anterior
wall of true pelvis.
 Symphysial surface: It is rough , oval and
elongated surface which articulates with
symphysial surface of the opposite pubis.
It is covered by a layer of hyaline cartilage
.
 Pubic crest: It is the rounded free, upper
border of pubis.
 Pubic tubercle: It is a rounded tubercle at
the lateral end of the pubic crest. It is
crossed by spermatic cord in males and
round ligament of uterus in females

20.  It passes laterally and backwards from the
upper and lateral part of the body and lies
above the obturator foramen.
 It possesses:
3 BORDERS OBTURATOR
CREST
PECTINEAL
LINE
INFERIOR
3 SURFACES PECTINEAL PELVIC OBTURATOR

21.  Border:
1. Obturator crest: it is rounded margin which
begins from the anterior part of pubic tuberce
and passes laterally to the anterior part of
acetabular cavity.
 It separetes the pectineal from the obturator
surface.
2. Pectineal line: It is sharp border which begins
from the posterior part of pubic tubercle and
passes laterally and backwards to become
continuous with the arcuate line.
 It separates the pectineal line from the pelvic
surface.
3. Inferior border: it is sharp border and forms
upper boundary of obturator foramen.

22.  Surfaces:
1. Pectineal surface: It
faces anteriorly and
slightly upwards and
lies between
obturator crest and
pectineal line.
2. Pelvic surface: It is a
smooth surface
facing upwards and
backwards and lies
between pectineal
line and inferior
border.
3. Obturator surface: It
faces downwards and
backwards and lies
between obturator
crest and inferior
border.

23.  It springs from the lower and lateral part of the
body and unites with the ramus of ischium on
the medial side of obturator foramen.
 It posses:
2 BORDER MEDIAL LATERAL
2 SURFACES ANTERIOR POSTERIOR

24.  Border:
1. Medial border: It is
prominently everted
in males as it is in
contact with the crus
of penis
2. Lateral border: It
forms medial
boundary of the
obturator foramen .

26.  Surfaces:
1. Anterior surface: It is
continuous with anterior surface
of body.
 It faces forwards and laterally
and lies between the two
borders.
2. Posterior surface: It is
continuous above with posterior
suface of the body and below
with posterior surface of the
ramus of ischium.

27.  This surfaces is divided arbitrarily into 3
area by 2 indistinct ridges-
a. Medial area: It is in contact with crus of
penis.
b. Intermediate area: It is related to dorsal
nerve of penis or clitoris and internal
pudendal vessels. It may be origin to
sphincter urethrae.
c. Lateral area: gives origin to obturator
internus

28.  It is also called acetabular
cavity.
 It is deep cup- shaped hollow
in the hip bone which faces
laterally, downwards and
forwards.
 It articulates with the head of
femur.
 All 3 parts of the bone
contribute in its formation.
 pubis forms upper and
anterior 1/5th of acetabulum.
 Ischium forms posterior and
lower 2/5th of acetabulum
 Ilium contributes to the rest
of its extent
 It is covered everywhere with
articular cartilage except in
the acetabular fossa.

29. 1. Acetabular notch: It is a gap in the margin of
the cavity inferiorly.
 Two ends of the notch give attachment to
transverse acetabular ligament which bridges
the gap.
2. Acetabular fossa: It is rough, non-articular
floor of the cavity.
 It is covered by a pad of fat.
3. Lunate surface: It is a horse shoe-shaped
articular surface at the sides of the cavity.
 It articulates with the head of femur.

30.  It is a large opening in the
bone between pubis and
ischium below and
acetabulum in front.
 Boundaries:
i. Above and in front by
superior ramus and body
of pubis,
ii. Below and medially by
ischio-pubic ramus
iii. Behind by body of ischium
and
iv. Above by inferior margin
of acetabulum.
v. It is large and oval in
males, small and triangular
in females.