Data management in epidemiology

1. Data Management &
Presentation
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Learning
Objectives
At the completion of this unit learners will be
able to
1. Define the term data
2. Discuss the types of data and various
methods of data collection.
3. Discuss the different means and
interpretation of data presentation through:
• Graphs
• Tables
• Charts

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Dat
a
• Facts or figures from which conclusions
can be drawn
• Facts about something that can be used in
calculating, reasoning, or planning
(www.businessdictionary.com/definition/data.html)

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Dat
a
• Data are observations of random variables
made on the elements of a population or
sample
– Data are the quantities numbers or qualities
attributes measured or observed that are to be
collected and or analyzed
– The word data is plural datum is singular
– A collection of data is often called a data set
singular
• Data are numbers which can be
measurements or can be obtained by
counting.

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Sources of
Data
Data are obtained
from
• Analysis of records
• Surveys
• Counting
• Experiments
• Reports

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Types of
Data
• Primary data
• Secondary
data

7. Types of
Data
Quantitativ
e
Variables
Discrete
Continuou
s
Qualitativ
e
Variable
Nomina
l
Ordinal
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9. Data
Collection
• Data collection is a systematic
process of collecting detail
information about desire objective
from selected sample under
controlled settings.
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Methods of Data
Collection
• Interviews
• Questionnaires and Surveys
• Observations
• Focus Groups
• Ethnographies, Oral History, and Case
Studies
• Documents and Records

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Different Means &
Interpretation of Data
Presentation
• Data presentation
• Data interpretation
• Means & interpretation of Data
presentation

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Different Means &
Interpretation of Data
Presentation
Data presentation
• Data presentation refers to the
organization of data into tables, graphs or
charts, so that logical and statistical
conclusions can be derived from the
collected measurements.

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17. Different Means & Interpretation of
Data Presentation
Data interpretation
• Data interpretation is the process of
making sense of numerical data that has
been collected, analyzed, and presented.
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Different Means & Interpretation of
Data Presentation
Means & interpretation of Data
presentation
• Graphs
• Tables
• Charts

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Different Means & Interpretation of
Data Presentation
Means & Interpretation of Data presentation
• Graphs
 Graph is a diagram showing the relation between
variable quantities, typically of two variables, each
measured along one of a pair of axes at right angles.
Graphs:
 Self explanatory
 Must have title
 Simple & clean
 Must havelabeled axis

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Graphical
Presentation
Histogram
Relative Histogram
Frequency Polygon
Cumulative Frequency Polygon
Dot Plot
Scatter Plot

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Different Means & Interpretation of
Data Presentation
Means & interpretation of Data
presentation
• Tables
 A table is an arrangement of data in rows and
columns, or possibly in a more complex
structure.
 Tables are widely used
in communication, research, and data analysis.

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• Frequency Table
• Relative frequency Table
• Cumulative relative frequency
Table

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Different Means & Interpretation
of Data Presentation
Means & Interpretation of Data
presentation
• Charts
 Chart is the graphical representation of data in
symbols like bars, lines, and slices.

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Different Means & Interpretation of
Data Presentation
Means & Interpretation of Data
presentation
• Charts
Simple Bar chart
Multiple Bar chart
Component Bar Chart
Sliding Bar Chart (e.g. Population Pyramid)
Pie Chart

26. BAR CHART
Sex
Female
Male
Frequency 80
70
60
50
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27. MULTIPLE BAR CHART (VERTICAL)
GENDER
Female
Male
ASCITES
60
50
40
30
20
10
Ascites
Yes
No
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28. COMPONENT BAR CHART
(HORIZONTAL)
Figure 2.2 Bar graph showing the number of students of each category 28

29. SLIDING BAR CHART
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Sarfraz Masih,
Karachi
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