i) Forests can be conserved through afforestation, preventing deforestation, reducing grazing, and establishing protected areas. ii) Wildlife management aims to sustainably manipulate populations and habitats to achieve goals like conservation. iii) Important conservation programs in India include Project Tiger launched in 1973 to protect tigers, and Project Elephant launched in 1992 to support elephant conservation in states.

1. MANSI
10th A
FOREST AND
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT

2. • Importance of forests :-
• i) Forests help to preserve biodiversity.
• ii) Forests are natural habitats of plants and animals.
• iii) Forests provide timber, wood, fuel, medicines, fodder, etc.
• iv) Forests help to maintain ecological balance.
• v) Forests help to control climate and rainfall.
• vi) Forests help to prevent soil erosion and controls floods.
• vii) Forests help to maintain the oxygen–carbon dioxide balance in
• nature.
• Forests are ‘biodiversity hot spots’
• Biodiversity measure by – Number of species found there.
• - range of different life forms present.
• Conservation means- preserve the biodiversity we have inherited
• Loss of diversity may lead to loss of ecological stability.

3. FORESTS
PRODUCTS
Honey,Wild,Meat, FruitsMushroom,
Palm,Wine, Palm Oil, Cola
Nuts,Wood Raw Material, Sawn
Hardwood, Wood-based Panels,
Paper , Paperboard, and Wood
Pulp, Medicinal and Dietary
Supplements, Rattan, Cane, and
Raphia, Fuel wood, Grasses,
Bamboo, Fibers Dyes and Tans

5. Need large quantities of
fire wood ,timber and
thatch
Bamboo is used to make
slats for huts, baskets to
collect and store food etc.
Agricultural implements
are made of wood
Their cattle graze in the
forests

6. Vast tracts of forests
have been converted to
monocultures of pine,
teak or eucalyptus.
Such plantations are
useful for the industries
to access specific
products and are an
important source of
revenue for the Forest
Department

7. Forests are the
source of raw
materials for
industries such as:
Timber
Paper
Lac
Sports equipment

8. A group that is in no
way dependent on the
forests, but who may
have considerable say
in their management.
The conservationists
were initially taken up
with large animals like
lions, tigers, elephants
and rhinoceros.
They now recognize the
need to preserve
biodiversity as a whole.

9. People who are associated with forests directly or
indirectly are :-
i. People living in and around forests depend on forests for
ii. their livelihood.
iii. Industrialists who use the raw materials from forests for
iv. manufacturing paper, medicines, furniture etc.
v. Forest Department of the Government who owns the
vi. forests and controls the resources from the forests.
vii. Nature and wild life organizations who want to conserve
viii.and preserve forests.

10. In1731 Amrita Devi, a
Bishnoi woman who,
along with more than 363
other Bishnois, died for the
protection of Khejari trees
near Jodhpur in
Rajasthan.
Amrita Devi Bishnoi
National Award for
Wildlife Conservation’ by
Indian Government.

11. • • Chipko movement started in the early 1970s
in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand
• • when a group of peasant women in Reni
village, acted to prevent cutting of trees and
reclaim their traditional forest rights that
were threatened by the contractor system of
the state Forest Department.

12.  In the 1970s, villagers around the
Arabari forests (West Bengal) were
involved in the protection of 1,272
hectares of badly degraded sal
forest.
 In return for help in protection,
villagers were given employment in
both silviculture and harvesting
operations, 25 percent of the final
harvest, and allowed fuel wood and
fodder collection on payment of a
nominal fee.
 The sal forests of Arabari
underwent a remarkable recovery
by 1983.

13. Far-seeing forest officer, A.K. Banerjee in the Arabari
forest range of Midnapore district Mr.Banerjeee involved
the villagers in the protection of 1,272 hectares of badly
degraded Sal forest.
In return for help in protection, villagers were allowed fuel
wood and fodder collection on payment of a nominal fee
and given employment in both silviculture and harvesting
operations, 25 per cent of the final harvest was given to
the village community.
The result was the active and willing participation of the
local community. The Sal forests of Arabari underwent a
remarkable recovery by 1983; a previously worthless
forest was valued Rs. 12.5 crores.

14. • Sanjay Kumar is known as a
serious and committed officer for
the cause of forests, wildlife and
environment. He was serving as
Additional Director General
of Forests for last four months
and was Director Wildlife
Preservation. Dr. Kumar was
PCCF and HOFF in Jharkhand
and has taken up massive
afforestation in the State.

15. Conservation of Forests :-
• Forests can be conserved by :-
• i) Afforestation – planting of more trees.
• ii) Preventing or reducing deforestation.
• iii) Preventing over grazing by cattle.
• iv) By setting up wildlife sanctuaries, national parks,
biosphere reserves etc.
• v) Undertaking social forestry programs like Van Mahotsav,
Chipko movement for planting and protecting trees on a
large scale.

16. Wildlife management can be defined as the
“Manipulation of wildlife populations and
habitat to achieve goals such as sustainability,
population increase”.
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT

17. Launched in 1973 by Government of
India with the aims at ensuring a viable
population of Bengal Tigers in their
natural habitats and also to protect them
from extinction , and preserving areas of
biological importance as natural heritage
forever represented as close as possible
the diversity of ecosystem’s across the
tiger’s distribution in the country.

21. Forest Products

22. Project Elephant was launched in
1992 by the government of India to
provide financial and technical
support of wildlife management
efforts by states for their free
ranging population of wild Asian
elephants
25 elephant reserves (ER’s)
extending over about 58,000
square kilometres

24. Present
Management
status
Total 51 protected
areas
Among
them 39 are
officially
declared
17
National
Parks
17 Wildlife
Sanctuary
5 other category
(Botanical
garden, Eco
park, Safari
park)

25. Himalayan
National Park
incident
Alpine meadows grazed
by sheep in summer.
This practice was put to
an end when national park
was formed.
Grass grows very tall and
falls over preventing
fresh growth.

26. Concept of wildlife conservation has been
around since ancient times.
Restrictions on taking game are mentioned in
the Bible, first official hunting season may
have been established in the 13th century by
Kubla Kahn.
Wildlife managers continuously monitor birth
and death rate of various species and
condition of their habitat. This provides data
needed to set hunting regulations and
determine if other wildlife management
practices are needed to conserve wildlife

28.  A loss of biodiversity may lead to loss of ecological stability Forests
are referred to as the lungs of the Earth.
 These absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release
oxygen into the atmosphere which we take in while breathing and
later it is used for respiration and other processes by our body. They
play a vital role in maintaining the clouds and in turn the rainfall
pattern, humidity, climate stability, and air quality.
 Conservation of forest
 We should conserve forests because they are essential for us in the
following terms:
 Forest provide us with oxygen, they cause rainfall.
 Forest prevents soil erosion.
 Plants are dependent on animals and birds for their pollination and
seed dispersal.
 Forests provide us with various medicines.
 Various forest products are used as raw materials in industries.