The document provides information about various types of waste and their sources. The major sources of waste mentioned are medical waste, municipal waste, industrial waste, and waste from leather industries and chemical fertilizer industries. Minor sources include washing clothes, taking baths, religious matters, dead bodies, and oil from ships.

10. Medical waste Municipal waste
Washing clothes Industrial waste
Major
Taking bath Leather industries
Minor
Religious matter Chemical Fertilizer
Dead bodies Oil from ship

11.  This multi-crore project
came about in 1985 because
the quality of the water in
the Ganga was very poor.
 Coliform is a group of
bacteria, found in human
intestines, whose presence
in water indicates
contamination by disease-
causing microorganisms.

13. Reduce: This means that use less.
Recycle: This means that you
recycle materials to make required
things instead of synthesizing or
extracting fresh materials.
In the ‘Reuse’ strategy, you simply
use things again and again.

22.  Ganga Action Plan
 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
 Mass awareness programme

23.  Read NCERT Page No. 266-268

24.  This multi-crore project
came about in 1985 because
the quality of the water in
the Ganga was very poor.
 Coliform is a group of
bacteria, found in human
intestines, whose presence
in water indicates
contamination by disease-
causing microorganisms.

25. Reduce: This means that use less.
Recycle: This means that you
recycle materials to make required
things instead of synthesizing or
extracting fresh materials.
In the ‘Reuse’ strategy, you simply
use things again and again.

31.  Human population increasing
at a tremendous rate due to
improvement in health-care,
 The demand for all resources is
increasing at an exponential
rate.

32.  A long-term perspective so
that resources will last for
the generations to come.
 Ensure equitable distribution
of resources.
 Safe disposal of these wastes

34.  The concept of sustainable
development encourages forms of
growth that meet current basic
human needs, while preserving
the resources for the needs of
future generations.

36.  It depends upon the willingness of
the people to change their
perceptions of the socio-economic
and environmental conditions
around them

37.  Sustainable natural resource management
 Roles of stakeholders are important
to sustain resources
 Socio-economic development is linked to
environmental conservation

38.  Questions NCERT Page No. 269 (Q No. 1,2,3,4)
 1. What changes can you make in your habits to become more
environment friendly?
 2. What would be the advantages of exploiting resources with short-
term aims?
 3. How would these advantages differ from the advantages of using a
long term perspective in managing our resources?
 4. Why do you think there should be equitable distribution of
resources? What forces would be working against an equitable
distribution of our resources?

41.  Number of species found
 Range of different life
forms

42.  One of the main aims of
conservation is to try and
preserve the biodiversity we
have inherited.

45. Use firewood, bamboo
for making huts
Agriculture, fishing
,hunting, grazing
Collect Food, fruit,
Honey, medicines

46. Use forest products as
raw materials
Give revenue to the
Government
Not interested in the
sustainability

47. Control Resources
Source of revenue
Travel and Tourism

48. Do not stay in forest
Conserve Biodiversity
Conserve nature

50.  Human intervention has been
very much a part of the forest
landscape.
 Deforestation caused by
industrial needs or
development projects like
building roads or dams.
 The damage caused in these
reserves by tourists or the
arrangements made for their
convenience is also to be
considered.

52.  While the environment is
preserved, the benefits of the
controlled exploitation go to
the local people.
 We need to use these resources
with due caution for our
economic and social
growth, and to meet our
material aspirations.

53.  We need to consider if the goals
of all the above stakeholders
with regard to the management
of the forests are the same.
 Forest resources are often made
available for industrial use at
rates far below the market value
while these are denied to the
local people.
 The Chipko Andolan (‘Hug the
Trees Movement’) was the result
of a grassroot level effort to end
the alienation of people from
their forests.

54.  Stakeholders of forest
 Damages caused by the Stakeholders
 Sustainable forest management

55.  Write a short note about “Chipko Movement” (70 Words)
 Complete Questions NCERT Page No. 273 (Q.No. 1,2 )
 1. Why should we conserve forests and wildlife?
 2. Suggest some approaches towards the conservation of
forests.

64. Modern way of
irrigation
Generate
hydroelectricity
Water to the dry
Sardar Sarovar states
Dam, on Narmada
110.64 m

65. Social problems
Economic problems
Environmental
problems
Technical problems

67. Develop secondary resources of water
Emphasizes scientific soil
and water conservation
Increases the production and income of
the watershed community
Production of biomass
Mitigates droughts and floods

68. To recharge the ground water.
To provide clean water
To store water for a long time.
To make water free from germs.
To provide moisture for vegetation.

69.  Water harvesting techniques
are highly locale specific, the
benefits are also localised.
 Giving people control over their
local water resources ensures
that mismanagement and over-
exploitation of these resources
is reduced/removed.

70.  Importance of water dam in life.
 Criticism of water dam.
 Aims and Objective of water harvesting.
 Criticism of water harvesting.

71. Write a short note about “Save the Narmada Movement ” (70 Words)
Complete Questions NCERT Page No. 276 (Q.No. 1,2,3 )
1. Find out about the traditional systems of water
harvesting/management in your region.
2. Compare the above system with the probable systems in hilly/
mountainous areas or plains or plateau regions.
3. Find out the source of water in your region/locality. Is water from
this source available to all people living in that area?

78. CO2
SO2 NO2
C,S,H,
N
H2S CO

79. Poisonous at high
concentrations
Accumulate green-
house gases
Global warming

81. To Improve
machine efficiency
To generate extra
heat
To reduce air
pollution

85.  Restriction on Consumption of coal and petroleum
 Sustainable uses of resources

86. Complete exercise NCERT Page No. 278-279 (Q.No. 1 to 7 )