Sociology of Social Forestry

1. WELCOME TO OUR
PRESENTATION
GROUP: RANGDHANU
COURSE NO:255
TOPIC: Social Forestry in Bangladesh

2. Presented by
1. Umme Salma Tuli- 113
2. Mst. Shimul Akhter-07
3. Khadiza Begum-197
4. Dipu Chandra Sarker-82
5. Sadia Afrin Sabbi-136
6. Chinmoy Kanti Kar-102
7. Naznin Akter-203
8. Sadia Afrin-46
9. Soumitro Kumar Mondol-133
10. Amrito Biswas-30
11. Md. Shahinuzzaman-134

3. Abstract:
Social forestry play very supportive role to the
livelihood diversification options to community people.
An population estimates for 2050 reach over 9 billion,
issues of food security and nutrition have been
dominating academic and policy debates, especially in
relation to the global development agenda beyond
2015.A total of 805 million people are undernourished
worldwide, even though the trend appears to be slowly
reversing (FAO et al, 2014).And natural disasters
appear to be on the increase. According to the 2004
world disasters report, natural disasters have risen by
about 65% over the last decade.

4. Introduction
Social Forestry has a great impact in almost every spehers. In
our day to day life it has vast impact on three distinct subjects
–food security, disaster response and household needs. Forest
plays a vital role in time of natural disaster. It save us from
many disaster like Cyclone, Tornado etc. Trees also fulfill
many household needs by providing timber, fuelwood, fruits,
medicine etc. Historically, forest is an integral part of our
natural heritage and plays a significant role in meeting the
diversified needs of the people, socio-economic development
and environmental stability.

5. Definition
• Social forestry was first used by Mr. Westoby in Ninth
Commonwealth forestry congress in 1968 at Delhi. As per
his definition SF is a forestry which aims at continuously
providing protection and recreation benefits for the
community. SF means the management and protection of
forests and afforestation on barren lands with the purpose
of helping in the environmental ,social and rural
development.(Negi,1986).
• Forestry has been defined as a profession embracing the
science, business and art of creating, conserving, and
managing forests and forest lands for the continuing use of
these resources (Ford-Robertson,1971).

6. The area of social forestry in
Bangladesh

7. IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL FORESTRY FOR FOOD
SECURITY ,DISASTER RESPONSE AND
HOUSEHOLD NEEDS
 Supplementary role
 Seasonal importance
 Risk reduction
 Other importance

8. SUPPLEMENTARY ROLE
 Forest and farm tree foods such as leaves and wild
animals add diversity to diet increasing palatibility
and an in some cases increasing overall quantities of
food consumed.
 These foods provide essential nutrients contributing
to the overall nutritional quality of diet.
 Forest and tree foods are often consumed as snacks
contributing added energy and nutrients.

9. Cont.
 Forest and farm trees may supplement year-round fodder
supplies ,thereby helping to maintain milk and meat supplies.
 Finally , forests and farm trees provide the main source of fuel
used by the majority of rural people for cooking and food
processing.

10. SEASONAL IMPORTANCE
 Forest may provide food during the “hungry season”
common in many seasonally dependent agricultural
systems.
 Forest also provide snack foods during the planting
season when there is little time for cooking.
 In many regions farm trees and forests are important
sources of dry season fodders.

11. The integration of trees on farms helps insure
a year round supply of foods.
Forest -based gathering and
processing enterprises
provide seasonal
employment and
sources of income.

12. RISK REDUCTION
 Forest provide a buffer food source during droughts
and other emergency periods.
 These “famine foods” are
different from those
exploited in other
periods , they are
characteristically energy -
rich, but may require complicated processing.
 Gathering and processing of forest products provide
an emergency means of cash earning during
emergencies.

13. OTHER IMPORTANCE
Forests have provided essential resources during
emergency periods. There is a wide range of
forest resources used as emergency food.
In famine periods , roots, tubers, rhizomes and
nuts are used as emergency foods.
Forest can be reduced soil erosion.
Forest cover will also reduce the flow of running
water speed
Forestry create employment opportunity for the
affected people.

14. Cont.
Forest is a sources of plants and animals which
can be sold for cash.
Trees are also used to protect crops from wind
damage.
Trees provides fuelwood which is essential in
processing and preserving foods.
By providing nutrients, forest products he[p to
improve health of rural people.

15. Components of Social Forestry

16. The role of social forestry to food
security
Social Forestry contributes to sustainable
agricultural production and food security. The
greatest contribution is through its protective
environmental functions . Such as :
The maintenance and restoration of soil fertility.
Erosion control and maintenance of biodiversity
Direct production of food.
Provision of rural employment and income.

17. • We can divide mainly the role of social
forestry into two ways. Such as:
Physical
access to
food
Economic
access to
food

18. Physical access to food
It’s obtained by rural people directly from forest
or produce foods in an environment sustained
and protected by trees. Physical access includes:
 Trees and nutrition
 Medicines
 Bush meat
 Fuel wood
 Famine food

19. Economic access to food
• A wide range of forest products including fuel wood, rattan,
fibers, fruits, nuts, leaves, mushrooms are a great source of
income to rural people.
• Source of income to the
rural people by selling
plants and wild animals
from forest.
• Fruits bearing trees can
be a great source of income.
• Crops and fodders are also a source of income.
• Cultivation of vegetables is a source of food demand as well
as income.

21. Food Security
• Calorie Supply per Capita, 2009 2,481
• Population undernourished, 2010-12 16.80 %
• Children Undernourished, 2011 36.00 %
• Under 5 Mortality Rate (per 1,000), 2012 41.00%

22. Agricultural Production
Agricultural
Production 2007 2008 2009 2010
Rice Production 43,181,000 MT 46,742,000 MT 48,144,000 MT 50,061,200 MT
Wheat Production 737,000 MT 844,000 MT 849,046 MT 901,490 MT
Maize Production 902,150 MT 1,346,470 MT 729,629 MT 887,391 MT
Soybean Production 57,720 MT 59,158 MT 58,899 MT 69,522 MT

23. Wood security in Bangladesh
• Timber Tree any tree that produces wood of commercial
importance. The high lignin content (25%) contributes unique
rigidity to the structure and thus distinguishes wood from other
plant materials.
Some monocotyledons produce woody stems, lack sapwood
and heartwood, their products are specific example bamboo
products, cane products, etc.

24. Impact of social forestry in responses to
disaster and rising ecological balance
Flood, Drought, Cyclone
Water pollution, Soil erosion, Air pollution
Global warming, Raising sea level,
Greenhouse gas
Deforestation

25. Deforestation
Due to heavy demands for forest resources,
fuelwood, conversion of forest into agricultural,
industrial, urban development and of infrastructure
for transportation, energy production are causes of
deforestation in Bangladesh.

26. • The estimated rate of deforestation being 8,000
hactres per year. The environmental effect of
deforestation are global warming, climate changes,
depletion of Ozone, soil degradation, flooding and so
on.

27. Impact of global warming and
greenhouse gas
Drought Desertification Aridity
Flood
Ecological
imbalance

28. Importance of Social Forestry To Mitigate Environmental
Problem, Prevent Disaster and Compensate the Losses of
Disaster after the Hazards
 Maintain ecological balance.
 Provide oxygen and
absorbing carbon
 Help to soil cleaning
 Filtering sewage and farm
chemicals
 Reduce the effects of
animal waste
 Prevent global warming and greenhouse effect.
 Prevent air pollution
 Reduce water runoff and sediment deposit after storms.

29. • Playing important role on climate change
• Reduce runoff by breaking rainfall
• Create employment opportunities
• Immediate food supply and livelihood

30. Melting Emergency and Contingency:
Sometimes social forests help in melting rural
people's emergency and contingency needs as
the expenses involved in social functions like
wedding, funerals, and religious festivals, natural
and other human induced disasters, responding
extreme impact of climate variability, and physical
and economic incapacity. Though mangrove
forests along the coastline have a high potential
to reduce future climate change induced threats,
particularly the impacts of cyclones and storm
surges; Simultaneously, they sometimes unable
to provide.

31. Contribution of SF in Emergency
• Many studies indicate that forests have provided
essential resources during emergency periods.
• In times of crops failure they may provide
emergency food as well as
products which can
be sold.
• There is a wide range of
forest resources used
as emergency food.
• In famine periods, roots, tubers, rhizomes and
nuts are used as emergency foods.

32. The use of trees to meet
contingencies
• Trees and tree products are used to cope with
contingencies.
• This depends on
1. Type of contingency
2. The scale of needs
3. Whether the need is sudden or slow
4. Whether the need unforeseen or
foreseen.

33. How SF meets contingencies
1. Direct use of trees:
• Trees provide resources to deal with seasonal
shortages
• Trees can be sources of food, fodder and other
useful material.
2. As a source of cash:
• Trees & tree products can be sold to get cash to
meet contingencies.
3. Use of trees as savings:
• Trees are often planted as a part of long-term
strategies for saving to meet future contingencies.

34. Forest acts of Bangladesh
Bangladesh has several laws, policies and
national strategies that address tropical
forests and biodiversity, several of which have
been amended over the past decade in an
effort to increase enforcement of
environmental protection. The Bangladesh
Forest Department (BFD) is the primary
government agency that deals with forests
and forest management and monitoring.

35. Table: Major laws in Bangladesh pertaining to tropical
forests and biodiversity.
Laws Description
Forest Act (1927) Established state ownership of forest areas,
rules for use/extraction of forest resources
Wildlife(conservation and Security) act ,
2012- formerly wildlife protection act,
1974.
Provide conservation and safety of
wildlife, forests and biodiversity by
repealing the existing law relating to
conservation and management of wildlife.
Brick burning control act 1989(
Amendment 1995)
Preparation of brick and kiln establishment
(control) act,2013
Prevention of use of wood as fuel for brick
kilns and establishment of brick kilns in
reserve forests, protected areas, wetlands
and agricultural land.
Environment conservation act, 1995
(Revised 2012)
Established legal basis for environmental
conservation rules (1997), gives authority
to MoEF and DoE to regulate
environmental protections

36. Cont.
Environment protection act 2000
(Amendment 2010)
Deals with environmental pollution,
establishes penalties and
compensation for pollution, gives
individuals/ communities rights to
file cases in environmental courts.
Environment court act, 2000
(Amendment 2010)
Established environmental courts,
2010 amendment established courts in
each administrative division.
Climate change trust act, 2010 Enhances the capability to create
climate resilience in the country.
Biological diversity act, 2012
(DRAFT)
Establishes safeguards for
environment and biodiversity.
(Source:USAID Bangladesh Tropical Forests and Biodiversity Assessment ; 15)

37. Social needs
Providing basic needs
Social mobility
Protect soil
erosion
Employment
opportunity
Social
change
Reconstruction
of structure of
society

38. Empowerment of women
• Social forestry is the forestry where rural people
participate and especially it is made in rural area. Women
are lagging
behind man and societal
power due to proper
knowledge and
economical conditions
.As SF priorities the
participation of women,
women are
helped to be empowered in the sector of economic.

39. Household needs
• Social forestry has a great impact on household
needs. It has been playing a vital role in fulfilling the
household needs in both village and town areas. We
know that forests provide timber, medicine,
fuelwood, fruits etc.
In village areas, people
use timber as the material
for building the houses.
The fruits fulfill their
needs of nutrition. There
are many herbal plants that help to remove diseases
and remove the treatment cost of poor village people.

40. Cultural needs
Betterment Environment
Reduction of pollution
Recreation
Reduction of noise
Increase the
beauty of
surroundings
Personal pride
Inspiration

41. Recommendations
• 1.Political Commitment
• 2.Planning,Decision Making ,Designing and Module.
• 3.Land Tenure/Lease Period /Security.
• 4.Participation.
• 5.Contract Formats
• 6.Benefit Sharing Mechanism.
• 7.Implementation Procedure.
• 8.Women in Development
• 9.Marketing the Forest Products
• 10.Man Power Development
• 11.Farmers Group Formulation
• 12.Forest Research.
• 13.Involvement Of NGOs
• 14.institutional Strengthening.

42. Conclusion
Social forestry plays an important role on food
security, disaster response and household
needs. Rural people involved in social forestry
are not given much importance by the forest
professionals and the bureaucrats.
Unfortunately, the forest areas in Bangladesh
are decreasing day by day which is a
dangerous threat to the wildlife as well as
human beings

43. THANK YOU