Energy efficiency optimization in mu mimo system with spectral efficiency con...Shakas Technologies
1) The document proposes a novel resource allocation algorithm to maximize energy efficiency (EE) in a multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) system while meeting a spectral efficiency (SE) constraint.
2) It formulates the problem of maximizing EE as a constrained optimization problem, where the constraints are redefined with cubic inequality, given the SE requirement.
3) Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and illustrate the fundamental trade-off between maximizing EE and SE for transmission in downlink MU-MIMO systems adopted by 3GPP LTE-Advanced networks.
The document discusses wireless power transmission to charge mobile phones using microwaves. It describes the transmitter design which uses a magnetron to generate microwaves. The receiver design includes a rectenna to convert microwave energy to DC power for charging. Advantages are wireless charging without cords, but disadvantages include potential health effects of radiation and limitations of distance and practical applications. Future applications could enable wireless data transfer and more efficient nanoscale rectennas.
Single-Phase Grid-tied Transformerless Inverter of Zero Leakage Current for P...Asoka Technologies
Multi-level transformerless inverters are widely used in grid-tied PV systems since they characterized by higher efficiency and lower cost. In this context, new topologies, modulation, and control schemes were presented to solve problems of a common-mode voltage and leakage current. This work proposes a transformerless five-level inverter with zero leakage current and ability to reduce the harmonic output content for a grid-tied single-phase PV system. The neutral of the grid links to a common on which the negative and the positive terminals of the DC-link are connected via parasitic capacitors that can eliminate the leakage current. The proposed topology, with its inherent circuit structure, leads to boost the overall efficiency. Simulation and experimental results show almost zero leakage current and a high-quality output when maintaining balanced capacitor voltages on the DC-link input. The experimental results show 1.07% THD and 96.3 % maximum efficiency when injecting a power of 1.1 kW that verify the performance of the proposed inverter with PV sources.
Nanotubes to improve power grid efficiencyÃvňêëśh Ðåbřá
The document discusses how using armchair quantum wires made of metallic nanotubes could improve the efficiency of power grids by reducing transmission losses. It proposes that a weave of nanotubes could transmit electricity over long distances with only 5% loss per 100 miles, compared to current grids that lose around 5% per 100 miles. The document outlines the objectives, features, advantages and disadvantages of using nanotubes to enhance power grid transmission efficiency.
This document discusses various technologies for wireless transmission of electricity, including their advantages and disadvantages. It focuses on Tesla's theory of wireless power transmission using resonant transformation through the Earth or ionosphere. It also discusses microwave power transmission via solar power satellites and using highly efficient fiber lasers. While many concepts and research exist, commercial technologies are still being developed. The document concludes that wireless power transmission is now a reality and can economically transmit electrical energy to any distance without wires.
Volume weight cost comparison of a 1 mva 10 kv 400v solid state against a con...Asoka Technologies
Solid-State Transformers (SSTs) are an emergent topic in the context of the Smart Grid paradigm, where SSTs could replace conventional passive transformers to add flexibility and controllability, such as power routing capabilities or reactive power compensation, to the grid. This paper presents a comparison of a 1000 kVA three-phase, low-frequency distribution transformer (LFT) and an equally rated SST, with respect to volume, weight, losses, and material costs, where the corresponding data of the SST is partly based on a full-scale prototype design. It is found that the SST’s costs are at least five times and its losses about three times higher, its weight similar but its volume reduced to less than 80 %. In addition, an AC/DC application is also considered, where the comparison turns out in favor of the SST-based concept, since its losses are only about half compared to the LFT-based system, and the volume and the weight are reduced to about one third, whereas the material costs advantage of the LFT is much less pronounced.
Energy efficiency optimization in mu mimo system with spectral efficiency con...Shakas Technologies
1) The document proposes a novel resource allocation algorithm to maximize energy efficiency (EE) in a multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) system while meeting a spectral efficiency (SE) constraint.
2) It formulates the problem of maximizing EE as a constrained optimization problem, where the constraints are redefined with cubic inequality, given the SE requirement.
3) Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and illustrate the fundamental trade-off between maximizing EE and SE for transmission in downlink MU-MIMO systems adopted by 3GPP LTE-Advanced networks.
The document discusses wireless power transmission to charge mobile phones using microwaves. It describes the transmitter design which uses a magnetron to generate microwaves. The receiver design includes a rectenna to convert microwave energy to DC power for charging. Advantages are wireless charging without cords, but disadvantages include potential health effects of radiation and limitations of distance and practical applications. Future applications could enable wireless data transfer and more efficient nanoscale rectennas.
Single-Phase Grid-tied Transformerless Inverter of Zero Leakage Current for P...Asoka Technologies
Multi-level transformerless inverters are widely used in grid-tied PV systems since they characterized by higher efficiency and lower cost. In this context, new topologies, modulation, and control schemes were presented to solve problems of a common-mode voltage and leakage current. This work proposes a transformerless five-level inverter with zero leakage current and ability to reduce the harmonic output content for a grid-tied single-phase PV system. The neutral of the grid links to a common on which the negative and the positive terminals of the DC-link are connected via parasitic capacitors that can eliminate the leakage current. The proposed topology, with its inherent circuit structure, leads to boost the overall efficiency. Simulation and experimental results show almost zero leakage current and a high-quality output when maintaining balanced capacitor voltages on the DC-link input. The experimental results show 1.07% THD and 96.3 % maximum efficiency when injecting a power of 1.1 kW that verify the performance of the proposed inverter with PV sources.
Nanotubes to improve power grid efficiencyÃvňêëśh Ðåbřá
The document discusses how using armchair quantum wires made of metallic nanotubes could improve the efficiency of power grids by reducing transmission losses. It proposes that a weave of nanotubes could transmit electricity over long distances with only 5% loss per 100 miles, compared to current grids that lose around 5% per 100 miles. The document outlines the objectives, features, advantages and disadvantages of using nanotubes to enhance power grid transmission efficiency.
This document discusses various technologies for wireless transmission of electricity, including their advantages and disadvantages. It focuses on Tesla's theory of wireless power transmission using resonant transformation through the Earth or ionosphere. It also discusses microwave power transmission via solar power satellites and using highly efficient fiber lasers. While many concepts and research exist, commercial technologies are still being developed. The document concludes that wireless power transmission is now a reality and can economically transmit electrical energy to any distance without wires.
Volume weight cost comparison of a 1 mva 10 kv 400v solid state against a con...Asoka Technologies
Solid-State Transformers (SSTs) are an emergent topic in the context of the Smart Grid paradigm, where SSTs could replace conventional passive transformers to add flexibility and controllability, such as power routing capabilities or reactive power compensation, to the grid. This paper presents a comparison of a 1000 kVA three-phase, low-frequency distribution transformer (LFT) and an equally rated SST, with respect to volume, weight, losses, and material costs, where the corresponding data of the SST is partly based on a full-scale prototype design. It is found that the SST’s costs are at least five times and its losses about three times higher, its weight similar but its volume reduced to less than 80 %. In addition, an AC/DC application is also considered, where the comparison turns out in favor of the SST-based concept, since its losses are only about half compared to the LFT-based system, and the volume and the weight are reduced to about one third, whereas the material costs advantage of the LFT is much less pronounced.
Development of wind and solar based ac microgrid with power quality improveme...Asoka Technologies
This work proposes a microgrid (μ-grid) integrating wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) resources, along with the battery energy storage (BES) to the three phase grid feeding the nonlinear load. The μ-grid disconcerted by probabilistic nonlinear time dependent parameters and their effects are compensated by cohesive controllers used for utility grid side voltage source converter (GVSC) and machine side VSC (MVSC). The switching controls and the reconfigurability of the μ-grid are addressed on imperative aspects of improving power quality (PQ), power reliability, nonlinear load compensation and economic utilization of resources. The nonlinear load compensation and PQ enhancement are achieved by executing modified version of the adaptive filtering technique including “momentum” based least mean square (MLMS) control technique, utilized for providing the switching control signals to the GVSC. It utilizes two preceding gradient weights for obtaining updated weight thereby improving the convergence rate and overcoming the limitation of conventional control of the same family. The MVSC acquires its switching signals from conventional vector control scheme and the encoderless estimation of speed and rotor position of the synchronous generator (SG) driven by wind turbine through back electromotive force control technique. The external environmental disturbances are overcome by utilizing perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point (MPP) for wind optimal power extraction and adaptive P&O with variable perturbation step size for solar MPP estimation. Test results are obtained from the laboratory prototype under steady state and dynamic conditions including altering wind speed, intermittent solar insolation and variable load conditions. The PQ issues are addressed and investigated successfully.
JDCHE 20-21 - Starwars Wireless Power Charger LOGOSynhera
The document discusses the development of a wireless power charging solution for medium power range (around 400W) robotic applications. It indicates that resonant inductive coupling technology was found most suitable. The technology works by coupling transmitter and receiver coils with capacitors tuned to the operating frequency. Context is provided on growing robotics market and need for wireless charging. An analytical model was developed taking into account proximity effects to map coil efficiency under different physical constraints. An initial prototype validated the main architecture and electronic components to allow constant current and voltage battery charging tests.
Irradiance-adaptive PV Module Integrated Converter for High Efficiency and Po...Asoka Technologies
The strive for efficient and cost-effective photovoltaic systems motivated the power electronic design developed here. The work resulted in a DC-DC converter for module integration and distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with a novel adaptive control scheme. The latter is essential for the combined features of high energy efficiency and high power quality over a wide range of operating conditions. The switching frequency is optimally modulated as a function of solar irradiance for power conversion efficiency maximization. With the rise of irradiance, the frequency is reduced to reach the conversion efficiency target. A search algorithm is developed to determine the optimal switching frequency step. Reducing the switching frequency may, however, compromise MPPT efficiency. Furthermore, it leads to increased ripple content. Therefore, to achieve a uniform high power quality at all conditions, interleaved converter cells are adaptively activated. The overall cost is kept low by selecting components that allow for implementing the functions at low cost. Simulation results show the high value of the module integrated converter for DC standalone and microgrid applications. A 400 W prototype was implemented at 0.14 Euro/W. Testing showed efficiencies above 95% taking into account all losses from power conversion, MPPT, and measurement and control circuitry.
Exploring the Impact of EVs on the Power Grid with High Penetration of RESAbdalkarim Awad
This document discusses the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) on the power grid with high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES). It presents two approaches to charging EVs smartly: optimized charging and rule-based charging. The document also describes tools used like OpenDSS, OMNeT++, and R that allow modeling and simulating smart grid systems. Case studies are presented showing how optimized constant demand charging and profit maximization strategies can improve grid performance by managing demand, electricity prices, reactive power control, power quality, and reducing losses.
This document discusses wireless charging of mobile phones using microwaves. It describes how microwaves can be used to transmit power over long distances to charge mobile phones. The key components of the wireless charging system include a magnetron and slotted waveguide antenna in the transmitter, and a rectenna and sensory circuit in the receiver. Wireless charging using microwaves could allow mobile phones to charge during calls over long journeys without exposed wires, but may also raise concerns about radiation exposure.
This document discusses the use of massive MIMO in 5G communication networks. Massive MIMO involves using a large number of antennas (e.g. hundreds) at base stations to communicate simultaneously with multiple user equipment. This allows for higher data rates and bandwidth. However, a problem called pilot contamination can occur when pilot sequences from neighboring cells interfere. Techniques like soft combining of pilots are proposed to mitigate this. Massive MIMO combined with millimeter wave frequencies is seen as key to meeting the high data rate demands of 5G.
method for enhancement of coexistence between e gsm and cdma systems in borde...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This paper presents a possible method for enhancement of co-existence of an E-GSM system based network with a CDMA sustem based network, in border area between two countries. Since the frequency bands allocated for the deployment of previous mentioned networks can partially overlap and due to the fact that the downlink frequency band of CDMA system is in the same frequrency band as the uplink of E-GSM system, the co-existence of the systems represents a challenge for the spectrum enineering process. In this paper a method for sharing the frequency band between the two countries under discussion is presented, in order to offer an equitable access to limited spectrum resources. Under this approach, there are settled common technical principles of a coordination procedure between country A and country B.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
ANALYTICAL STUDY FOR MEASURING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF THE GSM SYSTE...IJCNCJournal
This paper discusses three subjects. In the first section Study And Evaluation Of Mobile Network While in
the second section, Radiated Power Density ability of cellular stations. In the third section compare the
results with the International Standards and safety limits recommended by the ICNIRP to ensure
compliance with the terms and the extent of their impact on human health, on the other hand, through the
results of theoretical analysis and benchmark Mathematical Analysis And Practical Measurement.
This document provides an overview of green networks and methods to increase energy efficiency in networks. It discusses how information and communication technology contributes to carbon dioxide emissions and how network power consumption will triple by 2020. It then describes various mechanisms that can reduce energy consumption, such as cell layout adaptation techniques like cell shaping, deploying macro and femto cells, using repeaters, and energy efficient transmission mechanisms. The document also discusses the component approach which focuses on the radio frequency power amplifier section of base stations. It concludes by stressing the importance of awareness and implementation of energy saving practices in wireless networks.
This document provides an overview of green networks and methods to increase energy efficiency in networks. It discusses how information and communication technology contributes to carbon dioxide emissions and how network power consumption will triple by 2020. It then describes various mechanisms that can reduce energy consumption, such as cell layout adaptation techniques like cell shaping, deploying macro and femto cells, using repeaters, and energy efficient transmission mechanisms. The document also discusses the component approach which focuses on the radio frequency power amplifier section of base stations. It concludes by stressing the importance of awareness and implementation of energy saving practices in wireless networks.
This document provides an overview of green networks and methods to increase energy efficiency in networks. It discusses how information and communication technology contributes to carbon dioxide emissions and how network power consumption will triple by 2020. It then describes various mechanisms that can reduce energy consumption, such as cell layout adaptation techniques like cell shaping, deploying macro and femto cells, using repeaters, and energy efficient transmission mechanisms. The document also discusses the component approach which focuses on making the radio frequency power amplifier section in base stations more efficient since it consumes 60-70% of energy. In conclusion, the document stresses the importance of awareness and practical implementations of green wireless networks.
The presentation provided an overview of future mobile networks and cognitive radio networks. It discussed current mobile network scenarios and the move towards heterogeneous networks and cloud RAN architectures to improve capacity and reduce costs. Cognitive radio networks were introduced as a way to more efficiently utilize spectrum by having radios that can detect spectrum usage and adapt accordingly, unlike traditional networks planned through frequency allocation. The cognitive network management loop was presented as an alternative to SON that uses cognitive processes controlled by goals to automate network management.
The combination of new energy and IoT in smart metering applications are accelerating the development of China's traditional economic form, smart grid, smart watering, smart environmental protection, smart mining, and other emerging fields are in rapid development.
The public data show that the global demand for new energy has increased by 50% since the 1990s and is expected to further increase by 30% by 2040, IoT connectivity technologies are gradually being used more and more to handle energy management and provide improved solutions.
The document describes a project submitted by four students for their Bachelor of Engineering degree. The project is about developing a system for automatic switchover of an E1 link to a standby link in the event of a failure of the primary E1 link. This is to ensure uninterrupted mobile service by keeping the base transceiver station radiating even if the main E1 link fails. The system will switch to the backup E1 link without the need for an on-site engineer, preventing service disruptions especially at odd hours.
This document discusses using a Raspberry Pi-based system to prevent theft of car logos. The system uses a pressure sensor attached to the car logo to detect if someone is trying to remove it. If triggered, the system will first send an alert to the car owner if they are nearby. It will also use GSM to send an SMS message to the owner's phone with a photo of the thief captured by a camera. This provides anti-theft protection for the car logo at an affordable cost using Raspberry Pi and GSM technology to remotely alert the owner even if they are not near the car.
The document provides an introduction and overview of a project that aims to enable remote monitoring and control of domestic energy meters using a microcontroller and GSM modem. This allows electricity departments to remotely obtain meter readings without needing to visit each house, reducing costs and human errors. The system works by having the microcontroller continuously monitor and record energy meter readings in its memory. Upon request, the live reading can be sent via the GSM modem to the electricity department. This provides benefits like improved monitoring of energy consumption patterns.
Best abdulmajeed extended_abstract-libreNavin Mishra
This document describes the design and construction of a mobile phone jammer that uses extrinsic noise. It operates by transmitting noise signals at the same frequencies used for mobile communication, blocking signals between phones and towers. The jammer extracts noise from the environment using a microphone and mixes it with a tuning signal to cover GSM 900MHz and DCS 1800MHz bands. Testing showed the jammer decreased phone signal bars and caused phones to display "no network" within a 10m radius, demonstrating its ability to disrupt mobile networks through noise interference. The document discusses applications of jammers for improving security, education, and discipline by blocking phone signals in places like classrooms, meetings and military zones.
The document discusses installing mobile signal transmitters on bridges and flyovers in Mumbai to reduce call drops. Due to the height of flyovers, signals were weak, causing drops. The Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation is allowing installation of transmission equipment on street light poles along flyovers. This has helped boost signals and reduced drops. The technology is also being used for future infrastructure projects like sea links and metros.
This document introduces a new evaluation scheme and optimization algorithms for universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) radio networks that goes beyond traditional snapshot models. The key aspects are:
1) It generalizes interference coupling matrices from user snapshots to average load and introduces an analytical scaling scheme to emulate load control, allowing for fast approximate analysis of network capacity without time-consuming simulations.
2) It presents two novel radio network optimization algorithms - an efficient local search procedure and a mixed integer program that aims to optimize the coupling matrix by designing it.
3) Computational experiments show that optimizing antenna tilts with the new approaches outperforms traditional snapshot models for realistic planning scenarios.
1. The document discusses performance enhancement of WiMAX mobile handover using OFDM with M-QAM modulation and best relay selection.
2. It analyzes the bit error rate performance of M-QAM OFDM systems for different modulation schemes, numbers of relays, and subchannels.
3. The results show that M-QAM OFDM with best relay selection provides higher performance and lower error communication compared to other techniques.
Development of wind and solar based ac microgrid with power quality improveme...Asoka Technologies
This work proposes a microgrid (μ-grid) integrating wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) resources, along with the battery energy storage (BES) to the three phase grid feeding the nonlinear load. The μ-grid disconcerted by probabilistic nonlinear time dependent parameters and their effects are compensated by cohesive controllers used for utility grid side voltage source converter (GVSC) and machine side VSC (MVSC). The switching controls and the reconfigurability of the μ-grid are addressed on imperative aspects of improving power quality (PQ), power reliability, nonlinear load compensation and economic utilization of resources. The nonlinear load compensation and PQ enhancement are achieved by executing modified version of the adaptive filtering technique including “momentum” based least mean square (MLMS) control technique, utilized for providing the switching control signals to the GVSC. It utilizes two preceding gradient weights for obtaining updated weight thereby improving the convergence rate and overcoming the limitation of conventional control of the same family. The MVSC acquires its switching signals from conventional vector control scheme and the encoderless estimation of speed and rotor position of the synchronous generator (SG) driven by wind turbine through back electromotive force control technique. The external environmental disturbances are overcome by utilizing perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point (MPP) for wind optimal power extraction and adaptive P&O with variable perturbation step size for solar MPP estimation. Test results are obtained from the laboratory prototype under steady state and dynamic conditions including altering wind speed, intermittent solar insolation and variable load conditions. The PQ issues are addressed and investigated successfully.
JDCHE 20-21 - Starwars Wireless Power Charger LOGOSynhera
The document discusses the development of a wireless power charging solution for medium power range (around 400W) robotic applications. It indicates that resonant inductive coupling technology was found most suitable. The technology works by coupling transmitter and receiver coils with capacitors tuned to the operating frequency. Context is provided on growing robotics market and need for wireless charging. An analytical model was developed taking into account proximity effects to map coil efficiency under different physical constraints. An initial prototype validated the main architecture and electronic components to allow constant current and voltage battery charging tests.
Irradiance-adaptive PV Module Integrated Converter for High Efficiency and Po...Asoka Technologies
The strive for efficient and cost-effective photovoltaic systems motivated the power electronic design developed here. The work resulted in a DC-DC converter for module integration and distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with a novel adaptive control scheme. The latter is essential for the combined features of high energy efficiency and high power quality over a wide range of operating conditions. The switching frequency is optimally modulated as a function of solar irradiance for power conversion efficiency maximization. With the rise of irradiance, the frequency is reduced to reach the conversion efficiency target. A search algorithm is developed to determine the optimal switching frequency step. Reducing the switching frequency may, however, compromise MPPT efficiency. Furthermore, it leads to increased ripple content. Therefore, to achieve a uniform high power quality at all conditions, interleaved converter cells are adaptively activated. The overall cost is kept low by selecting components that allow for implementing the functions at low cost. Simulation results show the high value of the module integrated converter for DC standalone and microgrid applications. A 400 W prototype was implemented at 0.14 Euro/W. Testing showed efficiencies above 95% taking into account all losses from power conversion, MPPT, and measurement and control circuitry.
Exploring the Impact of EVs on the Power Grid with High Penetration of RESAbdalkarim Awad
This document discusses the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) on the power grid with high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES). It presents two approaches to charging EVs smartly: optimized charging and rule-based charging. The document also describes tools used like OpenDSS, OMNeT++, and R that allow modeling and simulating smart grid systems. Case studies are presented showing how optimized constant demand charging and profit maximization strategies can improve grid performance by managing demand, electricity prices, reactive power control, power quality, and reducing losses.
This document discusses wireless charging of mobile phones using microwaves. It describes how microwaves can be used to transmit power over long distances to charge mobile phones. The key components of the wireless charging system include a magnetron and slotted waveguide antenna in the transmitter, and a rectenna and sensory circuit in the receiver. Wireless charging using microwaves could allow mobile phones to charge during calls over long journeys without exposed wires, but may also raise concerns about radiation exposure.
This document discusses the use of massive MIMO in 5G communication networks. Massive MIMO involves using a large number of antennas (e.g. hundreds) at base stations to communicate simultaneously with multiple user equipment. This allows for higher data rates and bandwidth. However, a problem called pilot contamination can occur when pilot sequences from neighboring cells interfere. Techniques like soft combining of pilots are proposed to mitigate this. Massive MIMO combined with millimeter wave frequencies is seen as key to meeting the high data rate demands of 5G.
method for enhancement of coexistence between e gsm and cdma systems in borde...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This paper presents a possible method for enhancement of co-existence of an E-GSM system based network with a CDMA sustem based network, in border area between two countries. Since the frequency bands allocated for the deployment of previous mentioned networks can partially overlap and due to the fact that the downlink frequency band of CDMA system is in the same frequrency band as the uplink of E-GSM system, the co-existence of the systems represents a challenge for the spectrum enineering process. In this paper a method for sharing the frequency band between the two countries under discussion is presented, in order to offer an equitable access to limited spectrum resources. Under this approach, there are settled common technical principles of a coordination procedure between country A and country B.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
ANALYTICAL STUDY FOR MEASURING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF THE GSM SYSTE...IJCNCJournal
This paper discusses three subjects. In the first section Study And Evaluation Of Mobile Network While in
the second section, Radiated Power Density ability of cellular stations. In the third section compare the
results with the International Standards and safety limits recommended by the ICNIRP to ensure
compliance with the terms and the extent of their impact on human health, on the other hand, through the
results of theoretical analysis and benchmark Mathematical Analysis And Practical Measurement.
This document provides an overview of green networks and methods to increase energy efficiency in networks. It discusses how information and communication technology contributes to carbon dioxide emissions and how network power consumption will triple by 2020. It then describes various mechanisms that can reduce energy consumption, such as cell layout adaptation techniques like cell shaping, deploying macro and femto cells, using repeaters, and energy efficient transmission mechanisms. The document also discusses the component approach which focuses on the radio frequency power amplifier section of base stations. It concludes by stressing the importance of awareness and implementation of energy saving practices in wireless networks.
This document provides an overview of green networks and methods to increase energy efficiency in networks. It discusses how information and communication technology contributes to carbon dioxide emissions and how network power consumption will triple by 2020. It then describes various mechanisms that can reduce energy consumption, such as cell layout adaptation techniques like cell shaping, deploying macro and femto cells, using repeaters, and energy efficient transmission mechanisms. The document also discusses the component approach which focuses on the radio frequency power amplifier section of base stations. It concludes by stressing the importance of awareness and implementation of energy saving practices in wireless networks.
This document provides an overview of green networks and methods to increase energy efficiency in networks. It discusses how information and communication technology contributes to carbon dioxide emissions and how network power consumption will triple by 2020. It then describes various mechanisms that can reduce energy consumption, such as cell layout adaptation techniques like cell shaping, deploying macro and femto cells, using repeaters, and energy efficient transmission mechanisms. The document also discusses the component approach which focuses on making the radio frequency power amplifier section in base stations more efficient since it consumes 60-70% of energy. In conclusion, the document stresses the importance of awareness and practical implementations of green wireless networks.
The presentation provided an overview of future mobile networks and cognitive radio networks. It discussed current mobile network scenarios and the move towards heterogeneous networks and cloud RAN architectures to improve capacity and reduce costs. Cognitive radio networks were introduced as a way to more efficiently utilize spectrum by having radios that can detect spectrum usage and adapt accordingly, unlike traditional networks planned through frequency allocation. The cognitive network management loop was presented as an alternative to SON that uses cognitive processes controlled by goals to automate network management.
The combination of new energy and IoT in smart metering applications are accelerating the development of China's traditional economic form, smart grid, smart watering, smart environmental protection, smart mining, and other emerging fields are in rapid development.
The public data show that the global demand for new energy has increased by 50% since the 1990s and is expected to further increase by 30% by 2040, IoT connectivity technologies are gradually being used more and more to handle energy management and provide improved solutions.
The document describes a project submitted by four students for their Bachelor of Engineering degree. The project is about developing a system for automatic switchover of an E1 link to a standby link in the event of a failure of the primary E1 link. This is to ensure uninterrupted mobile service by keeping the base transceiver station radiating even if the main E1 link fails. The system will switch to the backup E1 link without the need for an on-site engineer, preventing service disruptions especially at odd hours.
This document discusses using a Raspberry Pi-based system to prevent theft of car logos. The system uses a pressure sensor attached to the car logo to detect if someone is trying to remove it. If triggered, the system will first send an alert to the car owner if they are nearby. It will also use GSM to send an SMS message to the owner's phone with a photo of the thief captured by a camera. This provides anti-theft protection for the car logo at an affordable cost using Raspberry Pi and GSM technology to remotely alert the owner even if they are not near the car.
The document provides an introduction and overview of a project that aims to enable remote monitoring and control of domestic energy meters using a microcontroller and GSM modem. This allows electricity departments to remotely obtain meter readings without needing to visit each house, reducing costs and human errors. The system works by having the microcontroller continuously monitor and record energy meter readings in its memory. Upon request, the live reading can be sent via the GSM modem to the electricity department. This provides benefits like improved monitoring of energy consumption patterns.
Best abdulmajeed extended_abstract-libreNavin Mishra
This document describes the design and construction of a mobile phone jammer that uses extrinsic noise. It operates by transmitting noise signals at the same frequencies used for mobile communication, blocking signals between phones and towers. The jammer extracts noise from the environment using a microphone and mixes it with a tuning signal to cover GSM 900MHz and DCS 1800MHz bands. Testing showed the jammer decreased phone signal bars and caused phones to display "no network" within a 10m radius, demonstrating its ability to disrupt mobile networks through noise interference. The document discusses applications of jammers for improving security, education, and discipline by blocking phone signals in places like classrooms, meetings and military zones.
The document discusses installing mobile signal transmitters on bridges and flyovers in Mumbai to reduce call drops. Due to the height of flyovers, signals were weak, causing drops. The Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation is allowing installation of transmission equipment on street light poles along flyovers. This has helped boost signals and reduced drops. The technology is also being used for future infrastructure projects like sea links and metros.
This document introduces a new evaluation scheme and optimization algorithms for universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) radio networks that goes beyond traditional snapshot models. The key aspects are:
1) It generalizes interference coupling matrices from user snapshots to average load and introduces an analytical scaling scheme to emulate load control, allowing for fast approximate analysis of network capacity without time-consuming simulations.
2) It presents two novel radio network optimization algorithms - an efficient local search procedure and a mixed integer program that aims to optimize the coupling matrix by designing it.
3) Computational experiments show that optimizing antenna tilts with the new approaches outperforms traditional snapshot models for realistic planning scenarios.
1. The document discusses performance enhancement of WiMAX mobile handover using OFDM with M-QAM modulation and best relay selection.
2. It analyzes the bit error rate performance of M-QAM OFDM systems for different modulation schemes, numbers of relays, and subchannels.
3. The results show that M-QAM OFDM with best relay selection provides higher performance and lower error communication compared to other techniques.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET-Electrical Power Robbery Detection and Transformer Fault Detection IRJET Journal
This document describes an electrical power theft detection and transformer fault detection system. The system uses remote data transmission via GSM to identify unauthorized tapping on power distribution lines and monitor the condition of distribution transformers. Sensors measure transformer parameters like currents, voltages, temperatures and oil conditions. A microcontroller analyzes the data and sends alerts via SMS if power theft or transformer faults are detected. This provides a low-cost way to remotely monitor transformers and detect power theft locations without human intervention.
Network optimization is technology used for improving network performance for a given environment. It is considered an important component of effective information systems management. Network optimization plays an important role as information technology is growing at exponential rates with business users producing large volumes of data and thus consuming larger network bandwidths.
If proper network optimization is not in place, the continuous growth can add strain to the network architecture of the concerned environment or organization.The goal of any network optimization is with the given set of constraints; ensuring an optimal network design with lowest cost structure and free flow of data.
Network optimization should be able to ensure optimal usage for system resources, improve productivity as well as efficiency for the organization. Network optimization looks at the individual workstation up to the server and the tools and connections associated with it. Large organizations make use of teams of network analysts to optimize networks.
Network optimization often makes use of traffic shaping, redundant data elimination, data caching and data compression and streamlining of data protocols. Network optimization must be able to boost network efficiency without acquiring additional or expensive hardware or software.
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A power saving jamming system for e gsm900 and dcs1800 cellular phone networks for search and rescue applications
1. A POWER SAVING JAMMING SYSTEM FOR E-GSM900 AND
DCS1800 CELLULAR PHONE NETWORKS FOR SEARCH AND
RESCUE APPLICATIONS
Abstract:
Recent statistics show an increase in bomb blast in our country. This paper introduces
to avoid mobile communication based bomb blast, Jamming all other networks is one option to
achieve that. This paper will introduce a jamming system which consumes little power and
disturbs only small parts of the GSM spectrum but reliably cuts all connections between mobile
stations (MS) and existing BTS.
Existing system:
In this existing system, we earlier days to restrict the mobile from exam hall,
and temples etc they instruction given by some authority person, but in this application we have
to find the mobile signal and deactivate the network in restricted areas example like minister
meeting .
Proposed system:
In this proposed system, we are discussing about a “power saving jamming
system for e-gsm900 and dcs1800 cellular phone networks for search and rescue applications”.
In this project mobile jamming circuit are designed to disturb the communication between
mobile station and base station system by generating noise signal. Using this project we can
avoid the mobile communication based bomb blast in important meeting like international
political meeting. Whenever we need we can switch on the mobile jammer by using
microcontroller. The microcontroller switch on mobile jammer with help of relay. Relay is
nothing but a electro mechanical switch.
3. Hardware Requirements
8051 microcontroller
Mobile jammer circuit
Relay
Software Requirements
Embedded C
Keil compiler
Application
To avoid the mobile signal in restriction areas.