Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
(Prefer mailing. Call in emergency )
Mca5032 wireless and mobile communicationsmumbahelp
This document provides information about an MCA assignment for Semester 5. It includes 6 questions about wireless communication, GSM PLMN basic services, the difference between BSC and MSC protocols, CDMA history, the A5 and A8 algorithms, and path loss models. Students are instructed to answer all questions, with 10 mark questions being approximately 400 words. They can submit their semester and specialization name to an email address or call a phone number to get fully solved SMU MBA Spring 2014 assignments.
Capacity planning(CP) determines operational expenditure, capital expenditure and long-term performance of the system hence it is the most important phase in the life cycle of a cellular system. For the past three decades, capacity planning problems have studied for all generations of the cellular system. So, to increase the capacity of the network in future we focus on small cells of cell structure. Cellular network includes the variety of different cell sizes and types, heterogeneous networks, control, and data plane split architectures, coordinated multipoint, massive multiple inputs multiple outputs.
The objective of this presentation is to focus on traditional deployment reviews and identify future opportunities, challenges, and trends in detail. More specifically we investigate the future capacity planning by reviewing the CP process including its objective input and output parameter to an optimization process and the CP phases.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
The document summarizes different multiple access technologies used in telecommunications including FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, SDMA, and CSMA. FDMA divides the available bandwidth into frequency bands. TDMA divides each channel into time slots. CDMA allows all transmissions to occur simultaneously through coding. SDMA serves users using spatial separation techniques like antenna beams. CSMA involves checking if the channel is free before transmitting.
Comparison between gsm & cdma najmul hoque munshiNajmulHoqueMunshi
This document compares and contrasts GSM and CDMA cellular communication technologies. It begins with an introduction to cellular concepts and architectures. It then describes GSM, including that it uses TDMA and operates at 900/1800 MHz bands. The GSM architecture includes components like the BTS, BSC, HLR, VLR, and AuC. It then describes CDMA, including that it uses spread spectrum technology and references GPS for timing. The CDMA architecture spreads each user's signal over the entire bandwidth using unique codes. Finally, it lists the main differences between GSM and CDMA, such as their use of different multiple access technologies and CDMA providing better security through encryption.
This document contains lecture notes on mobile communication systems. It begins with a brief history of mobile communication technology, from the first mobile phone service in 1946 to the development of 1G, 2G, and 3G cellular networks. It then discusses fundamental concepts such as cellular networks, frequency reuse, and different types of cells. The document provides an introduction to key topics but notes that the lecture series is still a work in progress.
Mca5032 wireless and mobile communicationsmumbahelp
This document provides information about getting fully solved assignments for the MCA semester 5 subject Wireless and Mobile Communication. It includes the course code, credit hours, and contact information to email or call for assistance. It also includes 6 sample questions from the subject's assignment, providing answers for questions 1 through 5 on topics like wireless communication, cellular network concepts, protocols, CDMA, encryption and key generation algorithms, and path loss models. Students are instructed to answer all questions, with longer answers for 10 mark questions being approximately 400 words.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
(Prefer mailing. Call in emergency )
Mca5032 wireless and mobile communicationsmumbahelp
This document provides information about an MCA assignment for Semester 5. It includes 6 questions about wireless communication, GSM PLMN basic services, the difference between BSC and MSC protocols, CDMA history, the A5 and A8 algorithms, and path loss models. Students are instructed to answer all questions, with 10 mark questions being approximately 400 words. They can submit their semester and specialization name to an email address or call a phone number to get fully solved SMU MBA Spring 2014 assignments.
Capacity planning(CP) determines operational expenditure, capital expenditure and long-term performance of the system hence it is the most important phase in the life cycle of a cellular system. For the past three decades, capacity planning problems have studied for all generations of the cellular system. So, to increase the capacity of the network in future we focus on small cells of cell structure. Cellular network includes the variety of different cell sizes and types, heterogeneous networks, control, and data plane split architectures, coordinated multipoint, massive multiple inputs multiple outputs.
The objective of this presentation is to focus on traditional deployment reviews and identify future opportunities, challenges, and trends in detail. More specifically we investigate the future capacity planning by reviewing the CP process including its objective input and output parameter to an optimization process and the CP phases.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
The document summarizes different multiple access technologies used in telecommunications including FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, SDMA, and CSMA. FDMA divides the available bandwidth into frequency bands. TDMA divides each channel into time slots. CDMA allows all transmissions to occur simultaneously through coding. SDMA serves users using spatial separation techniques like antenna beams. CSMA involves checking if the channel is free before transmitting.
Comparison between gsm & cdma najmul hoque munshiNajmulHoqueMunshi
This document compares and contrasts GSM and CDMA cellular communication technologies. It begins with an introduction to cellular concepts and architectures. It then describes GSM, including that it uses TDMA and operates at 900/1800 MHz bands. The GSM architecture includes components like the BTS, BSC, HLR, VLR, and AuC. It then describes CDMA, including that it uses spread spectrum technology and references GPS for timing. The CDMA architecture spreads each user's signal over the entire bandwidth using unique codes. Finally, it lists the main differences between GSM and CDMA, such as their use of different multiple access technologies and CDMA providing better security through encryption.
This document contains lecture notes on mobile communication systems. It begins with a brief history of mobile communication technology, from the first mobile phone service in 1946 to the development of 1G, 2G, and 3G cellular networks. It then discusses fundamental concepts such as cellular networks, frequency reuse, and different types of cells. The document provides an introduction to key topics but notes that the lecture series is still a work in progress.
Mca5032 wireless and mobile communicationsmumbahelp
This document provides information about getting fully solved assignments for the MCA semester 5 subject Wireless and Mobile Communication. It includes the course code, credit hours, and contact information to email or call for assistance. It also includes 6 sample questions from the subject's assignment, providing answers for questions 1 through 5 on topics like wireless communication, cellular network concepts, protocols, CDMA, encryption and key generation algorithms, and path loss models. Students are instructed to answer all questions, with longer answers for 10 mark questions being approximately 400 words.
Cellular Networks Presentation in distributed systems, Mobile NetworksAhmad Yar
A cellular network or mobile network is a communication network where the last link is wireless. ..... of the Asia Pacific region · List of mobile network operators of the Middle East and Africa · List of mobile network operators (summary).
CDMA and GSM are two competing digital mobile communication technologies. GSM was developed first in 1982 to standardize cellular networks across Europe. It uses TDMA to allow multiple users to access the same radio frequency at different times. CDMA was developed later and uses spread spectrum technology to allow multiple users to access the same radio frequency simultaneously through the use of unique codes. While CDMA provided benefits like increased capacity and security, GSM became the more widely adopted standard globally due to its early start and ability to provide international roaming. Today the difference between the two technologies has blurred as carriers support both.
TETRA or GSM-ASCI network for Public Safety discusses the capabilities of GSM-ASCI technology compared to TETRA for use by public safety users. GSM-ASCI has longer call setup times of seconds compared to TETRA's sub-second times. It also lacks features such as direct mode operation when networks are down. Due to the need for many small cells, GSM-ASCI would require significantly more radio channels than TETRA to provide equivalent coverage and capacity for mission critical group communications. Security and functionality concerns also exist for using GSM-ASCI compared to the purpose-built TETRA standard.
TDMA, CDMA, FDMA, and SDMA are different multiple access techniques used in mobile communications. TDMA divides each channel into time slots and allocates slots to different users. CDMA encodes each conversation with a pseudo-random sequence and all users share the full spectrum. FDMA divides the bandwidth into individual frequency bands, each assigned to a single user. SDMA uses smart antennas to create spatial pipes between the base station and mobile users to improve performance.
Data Communications,Data Networks,computer communications,multiplexing,spread spectrum,protocol architecture,data link protocols,signal encoding techniques,transmission media,asynchronous transfer mode,routing,cellular networks
This document provides an overview of cellular networks. It begins with an introduction that defines a cellular network as a radio network composed of radio cells served by base stations. It then discusses how cellular networks work by allowing mobile devices to connect to the nearest base station and hand off connections between stations as the device moves between cells. Finally, it covers benefits like increased network capacity and coverage area as well as examples of cellular technologies used in modern mobile phone networks.
Mobile communication process or cellular networkSudhanshu Jha
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on mobile communication processes. It describes the key components of a cellular communication system including the mobile switching center (MSC), base station subsystem (BSS), base transceiver station (BTS), and base station controller (BSC). It also discusses the types of antennas used, including omni-directional and sectored antennas. Finally, it provides a brief overview of modulation basics and how optical fibers are used for transmission in cellular networks.
Cellular telephone networks allow subscribers to have wireless connections to nearby transmitters through short-wave analog or digital telecommunication. The network is distributed over land areas divided into cells, each served by a fixed-location transceiver known as a base station. Base stations provide network coverage for transmission of voice, data, and other services within each cell using different frequencies to avoid interference. Key components of cellular networks include mobile switching centers that route calls and SMS, home location registers that store subscriber details, visitor location registers that store details of roaming subscribers, base station controllers that handle radio channels and handovers, and base transceiver stations that transmit and receive radio signals.
There are two main cellular network technologies: GSM and CDMA. GSM carriers include Cingular Wireless, T-Mobile, and others, while CDMA carriers include Sprint PCS and Verizon. Understanding the differences between GSM and CDMA, such as coverage, data speeds, roaming capabilities, and use of SIM cards, can help a customer choose the preferable network for their needs. While CDMA was initially faster, both technologies continue advancing and neither is clearly superior.
This document provides an overview of telecommunication services from Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) in India. It discusses BSNL's background and market share. It also summarizes leased lines, managed leased line networks, wireless technologies including GSM, UMTS, LTE, and call forwarding services.
This document discusses handover between WCDMA and GSM networks, which allows GSM networks to provide fallback coverage for areas not covered by WCDMA. It describes key challenges like measuring GSM cells while in a WCDMA call, which Ericsson solved using compressed mode. The document outlines cell reselection and handover procedures between the networks, including signaling flows. It establishes that Ericsson has played a leading role in developing and demonstrating the necessary interworking technologies.
Iaetsd comparative study mimo ofdm, cdma-sdmaIaetsd Iaetsd
This document compares and contrasts MIMO OFDM, CDMA-SDMA, and multi-user detection techniques for wireless communication systems. It discusses how MIMO OFDM can achieve high data rates with frequency and antenna diversity. Space division multiple access (SDMA) is introduced as an application of MIMO that improves spectral efficiency by multiplexing signals based on spatial signatures. The document also examines multi-user detection methods like linear detection, minimum mean square error, and successive interference cancellation that are needed for robust SDMA performance as the number of users increases.
This document provides a review of models for reducing handoff blocking probability in wireless cellular networks. It begins with an introduction that describes handoff blocking and the tradeoff between reducing new call blocking probability and handoff blocking probability. It then provides background on GSM and WCDMA cellular networks. The main body reviews several related works that proposed methods like prioritizing handoff calls over new calls using queuing strategies, signal prediction priority queuing, and calculating handoff priority based on signal strength. The goal of these models is to prevent dropped calls and improve quality of service by better managing handoffs and call admissions.
Technical Performance Analysis of AMPS vs. TDMA Wireless Cellular System Desi...zillesubhan
Telecommunication is one of the integral parts of science that has always been a focus point for
exchanging information among parties at locations. The term `mobile' has completely revolutionized the
communication by opening up innovative applications that are limited to one's imagination. Today, mobile
communication has become the backbone of the society and is spreading very fast when the government throughout
the world provided radio spectrum licenses for Personal Communication Service (PCS) in 1.8 - 2 GHz frequency
band. The first generation networks in the market were AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) deployed in
Chicago in 1983. The main technology of this first generation mobile system was AMPS. However, the second
generation networks based on Digital modulation formats that were introduced in this generation with the main
technology as TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access). In this research paper, we assume our company name as
Telecom Mobile Company has a budget of $20 million with the population of 850, 000 users that can be affording
only 33 cells where the cluster size is 7. Therefore, each cell costs about $250,000 and each user channel in the cell
site costs to $1000. The cluster having 395 voice channels, so the number of channel per cell can be 395/7=56
channels in a Hexagonal Cell Structure. The calculation work is done such as coverage area, distance, signal to
interference ratio, Receiver Sensitivity, Noise Density, Path loss, Okumura model, etc. for AMPS and TDMA design
based on Telecom Mobile Company’s budget. From this paper, TDMA is the efficient utilization of hierarchical cell
structures that allows coverage for the system to be tailored to support specific traffic and service needs whereas
AMPS is not very efficient. From cellular system designing, consequently TDMA offers a flexible air interface,
providing high performance with respect to capacity, coverage, and unlimited support of mobility and capability to
handle different types of user needs. In AMPS, each user can access a channel on a continuous time basis
according where TDMA provides the voice conversation that allows more users to carry a secured conversation on
the same channel as users were assigned different time slots. Moreover, the designing approach for AMPS and
TDMA is same except that in TDMA, each channel is shared by 3 different user in hexagonal cell on Telecom
Mobile Company budget based on our assumptions.
Mobile networks use radio frequencies to allow cellular devices to connect to a network of base stations. Base stations transmit and receive signals in frequency bands between 850-1900 MHz. As devices move between base station coverage areas, the network performs handoffs to transfer the connection seamlessly. Higher generations of cellular networks like 3G and 4G provide improved data speeds but still must handle user mobility effectively.
In CDMA , All user share the same radio channel.If one user take more power than it need, then other will be suffer and capacity will be decreased.
This presentation adresses how to tune The CDMA cellular radio network in order to tolarate interference.
Comparison between gsm & cdma najmul hoque munshiNajmulHoqueMunshi
This presentation provides an overview of cellular network concepts and technologies. It introduces cellular networks and their advantages over traditional networks. It then describes key cellular network architectures including GSM and CDMA, outlining their components, functions, and differences. In summarizing the key differences, it notes that neither standard is technically superior, but that GSM allows unlocked phones between carriers while CDMA phones are carrier-locked. It also notes that LTE is being adopted as a global standard.
Mobile computing basics include cells which are geographic units for cellular systems represented as hexagons, with base stations at the center. Cell clusters group cells where frequencies are not reused. Spectrum is limited, so frequencies must be reused across cells to increase capacity while avoiding interference. Noise sources include thermal, intermodulation, crosstalk, and impulse noise. GSM and CDMA are cellular standards, with GSM using SIM cards for storage and CDMA using internal memory.
1) A mulher de Jeroboão foi consultar o profeta Aías sobre o filho doente, mas Aías sabia que ela estava disfarçada.
2) Aías disse a mulher que Deus iria punir Jeroboão e destruir sua casa por ter pecado e feito Israel pecar.
3) Quando a mulher voltou para casa, o filho morreu como Aías havia previsto.
The document is an assignment for a marketing course covering services marketing and customer relationship management. It provides details of 6 questions to be answered as part of the assignment, including the evaluation scheme for each question. The questions cover topics like service positioning, gap analysis, customer interaction management, conflicts in marketing services, steps for one-to-one marketing, and short notes on e-CRM and customer retention. Full answers to the questions are also provided in the document for reference.
Mb0053 international business management..smumbahelp
This document provides information about getting fully solved assignments from an assignment help service. Students are instructed to send their semester and specialization name to the provided email address or call the given phone number to receive help with their assignments. The document includes sample assignments covering topics like international business management, regional integration, foreign subsidiary structures, and matrix structures. Students are also provided definitions and explanations of key concepts like greenfield investments, top-down and bottom-up approaches to planning.
This document provides information about an assignment for an MBA course on insurance and risk management. It gives the semester, subject code, credits, marks and asks students to answer all questions. It provides two sample questions and answers regarding risk management methods and elements of life insurance organizations. It asks students to provide short notes on pricing objectives, elements and rate computation and to explain insurable interest and the differences between wagering and insurance. It also asks students to discuss the role of insurance in risk financing from the perspectives of the insured and insurer.
Cellular Networks Presentation in distributed systems, Mobile NetworksAhmad Yar
A cellular network or mobile network is a communication network where the last link is wireless. ..... of the Asia Pacific region · List of mobile network operators of the Middle East and Africa · List of mobile network operators (summary).
CDMA and GSM are two competing digital mobile communication technologies. GSM was developed first in 1982 to standardize cellular networks across Europe. It uses TDMA to allow multiple users to access the same radio frequency at different times. CDMA was developed later and uses spread spectrum technology to allow multiple users to access the same radio frequency simultaneously through the use of unique codes. While CDMA provided benefits like increased capacity and security, GSM became the more widely adopted standard globally due to its early start and ability to provide international roaming. Today the difference between the two technologies has blurred as carriers support both.
TETRA or GSM-ASCI network for Public Safety discusses the capabilities of GSM-ASCI technology compared to TETRA for use by public safety users. GSM-ASCI has longer call setup times of seconds compared to TETRA's sub-second times. It also lacks features such as direct mode operation when networks are down. Due to the need for many small cells, GSM-ASCI would require significantly more radio channels than TETRA to provide equivalent coverage and capacity for mission critical group communications. Security and functionality concerns also exist for using GSM-ASCI compared to the purpose-built TETRA standard.
TDMA, CDMA, FDMA, and SDMA are different multiple access techniques used in mobile communications. TDMA divides each channel into time slots and allocates slots to different users. CDMA encodes each conversation with a pseudo-random sequence and all users share the full spectrum. FDMA divides the bandwidth into individual frequency bands, each assigned to a single user. SDMA uses smart antennas to create spatial pipes between the base station and mobile users to improve performance.
Data Communications,Data Networks,computer communications,multiplexing,spread spectrum,protocol architecture,data link protocols,signal encoding techniques,transmission media,asynchronous transfer mode,routing,cellular networks
This document provides an overview of cellular networks. It begins with an introduction that defines a cellular network as a radio network composed of radio cells served by base stations. It then discusses how cellular networks work by allowing mobile devices to connect to the nearest base station and hand off connections between stations as the device moves between cells. Finally, it covers benefits like increased network capacity and coverage area as well as examples of cellular technologies used in modern mobile phone networks.
Mobile communication process or cellular networkSudhanshu Jha
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on mobile communication processes. It describes the key components of a cellular communication system including the mobile switching center (MSC), base station subsystem (BSS), base transceiver station (BTS), and base station controller (BSC). It also discusses the types of antennas used, including omni-directional and sectored antennas. Finally, it provides a brief overview of modulation basics and how optical fibers are used for transmission in cellular networks.
Cellular telephone networks allow subscribers to have wireless connections to nearby transmitters through short-wave analog or digital telecommunication. The network is distributed over land areas divided into cells, each served by a fixed-location transceiver known as a base station. Base stations provide network coverage for transmission of voice, data, and other services within each cell using different frequencies to avoid interference. Key components of cellular networks include mobile switching centers that route calls and SMS, home location registers that store subscriber details, visitor location registers that store details of roaming subscribers, base station controllers that handle radio channels and handovers, and base transceiver stations that transmit and receive radio signals.
There are two main cellular network technologies: GSM and CDMA. GSM carriers include Cingular Wireless, T-Mobile, and others, while CDMA carriers include Sprint PCS and Verizon. Understanding the differences between GSM and CDMA, such as coverage, data speeds, roaming capabilities, and use of SIM cards, can help a customer choose the preferable network for their needs. While CDMA was initially faster, both technologies continue advancing and neither is clearly superior.
This document provides an overview of telecommunication services from Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) in India. It discusses BSNL's background and market share. It also summarizes leased lines, managed leased line networks, wireless technologies including GSM, UMTS, LTE, and call forwarding services.
This document discusses handover between WCDMA and GSM networks, which allows GSM networks to provide fallback coverage for areas not covered by WCDMA. It describes key challenges like measuring GSM cells while in a WCDMA call, which Ericsson solved using compressed mode. The document outlines cell reselection and handover procedures between the networks, including signaling flows. It establishes that Ericsson has played a leading role in developing and demonstrating the necessary interworking technologies.
Iaetsd comparative study mimo ofdm, cdma-sdmaIaetsd Iaetsd
This document compares and contrasts MIMO OFDM, CDMA-SDMA, and multi-user detection techniques for wireless communication systems. It discusses how MIMO OFDM can achieve high data rates with frequency and antenna diversity. Space division multiple access (SDMA) is introduced as an application of MIMO that improves spectral efficiency by multiplexing signals based on spatial signatures. The document also examines multi-user detection methods like linear detection, minimum mean square error, and successive interference cancellation that are needed for robust SDMA performance as the number of users increases.
This document provides a review of models for reducing handoff blocking probability in wireless cellular networks. It begins with an introduction that describes handoff blocking and the tradeoff between reducing new call blocking probability and handoff blocking probability. It then provides background on GSM and WCDMA cellular networks. The main body reviews several related works that proposed methods like prioritizing handoff calls over new calls using queuing strategies, signal prediction priority queuing, and calculating handoff priority based on signal strength. The goal of these models is to prevent dropped calls and improve quality of service by better managing handoffs and call admissions.
Technical Performance Analysis of AMPS vs. TDMA Wireless Cellular System Desi...zillesubhan
Telecommunication is one of the integral parts of science that has always been a focus point for
exchanging information among parties at locations. The term `mobile' has completely revolutionized the
communication by opening up innovative applications that are limited to one's imagination. Today, mobile
communication has become the backbone of the society and is spreading very fast when the government throughout
the world provided radio spectrum licenses for Personal Communication Service (PCS) in 1.8 - 2 GHz frequency
band. The first generation networks in the market were AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) deployed in
Chicago in 1983. The main technology of this first generation mobile system was AMPS. However, the second
generation networks based on Digital modulation formats that were introduced in this generation with the main
technology as TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access). In this research paper, we assume our company name as
Telecom Mobile Company has a budget of $20 million with the population of 850, 000 users that can be affording
only 33 cells where the cluster size is 7. Therefore, each cell costs about $250,000 and each user channel in the cell
site costs to $1000. The cluster having 395 voice channels, so the number of channel per cell can be 395/7=56
channels in a Hexagonal Cell Structure. The calculation work is done such as coverage area, distance, signal to
interference ratio, Receiver Sensitivity, Noise Density, Path loss, Okumura model, etc. for AMPS and TDMA design
based on Telecom Mobile Company’s budget. From this paper, TDMA is the efficient utilization of hierarchical cell
structures that allows coverage for the system to be tailored to support specific traffic and service needs whereas
AMPS is not very efficient. From cellular system designing, consequently TDMA offers a flexible air interface,
providing high performance with respect to capacity, coverage, and unlimited support of mobility and capability to
handle different types of user needs. In AMPS, each user can access a channel on a continuous time basis
according where TDMA provides the voice conversation that allows more users to carry a secured conversation on
the same channel as users were assigned different time slots. Moreover, the designing approach for AMPS and
TDMA is same except that in TDMA, each channel is shared by 3 different user in hexagonal cell on Telecom
Mobile Company budget based on our assumptions.
Mobile networks use radio frequencies to allow cellular devices to connect to a network of base stations. Base stations transmit and receive signals in frequency bands between 850-1900 MHz. As devices move between base station coverage areas, the network performs handoffs to transfer the connection seamlessly. Higher generations of cellular networks like 3G and 4G provide improved data speeds but still must handle user mobility effectively.
In CDMA , All user share the same radio channel.If one user take more power than it need, then other will be suffer and capacity will be decreased.
This presentation adresses how to tune The CDMA cellular radio network in order to tolarate interference.
Comparison between gsm & cdma najmul hoque munshiNajmulHoqueMunshi
This presentation provides an overview of cellular network concepts and technologies. It introduces cellular networks and their advantages over traditional networks. It then describes key cellular network architectures including GSM and CDMA, outlining their components, functions, and differences. In summarizing the key differences, it notes that neither standard is technically superior, but that GSM allows unlocked phones between carriers while CDMA phones are carrier-locked. It also notes that LTE is being adopted as a global standard.
Mobile computing basics include cells which are geographic units for cellular systems represented as hexagons, with base stations at the center. Cell clusters group cells where frequencies are not reused. Spectrum is limited, so frequencies must be reused across cells to increase capacity while avoiding interference. Noise sources include thermal, intermodulation, crosstalk, and impulse noise. GSM and CDMA are cellular standards, with GSM using SIM cards for storage and CDMA using internal memory.
1) A mulher de Jeroboão foi consultar o profeta Aías sobre o filho doente, mas Aías sabia que ela estava disfarçada.
2) Aías disse a mulher que Deus iria punir Jeroboão e destruir sua casa por ter pecado e feito Israel pecar.
3) Quando a mulher voltou para casa, o filho morreu como Aías havia previsto.
The document is an assignment for a marketing course covering services marketing and customer relationship management. It provides details of 6 questions to be answered as part of the assignment, including the evaluation scheme for each question. The questions cover topics like service positioning, gap analysis, customer interaction management, conflicts in marketing services, steps for one-to-one marketing, and short notes on e-CRM and customer retention. Full answers to the questions are also provided in the document for reference.
Mb0053 international business management..smumbahelp
This document provides information about getting fully solved assignments from an assignment help service. Students are instructed to send their semester and specialization name to the provided email address or call the given phone number to receive help with their assignments. The document includes sample assignments covering topics like international business management, regional integration, foreign subsidiary structures, and matrix structures. Students are also provided definitions and explanations of key concepts like greenfield investments, top-down and bottom-up approaches to planning.
This document provides information about an assignment for an MBA course on insurance and risk management. It gives the semester, subject code, credits, marks and asks students to answer all questions. It provides two sample questions and answers regarding risk management methods and elements of life insurance organizations. It asks students to provide short notes on pricing objectives, elements and rate computation and to explain insurable interest and the differences between wagering and insurance. It also asks students to discuss the role of insurance in risk financing from the perspectives of the insured and insurer.
This document discusses infectious disease modeling and some of the data challenges involved. It provides an overview of compartmental SIR models and the basic reproductive number R0. Accurately characterizing social contact patterns is important for modeling disease spread. The document presents an example of estimating the effects of vaccines and antivirals during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in Norway using surveillance data in an age-structured SEIR model informed by social contact patterns. The model was fitted to data on influenza-like illness, antiviral use, and vaccine uptake.
Los Reyes Católicos construyen el primer Estado moderno en la Península Ibérica al unificar los reinos de Castilla y Aragón bajo su autoridad. Establecen una burocracia administrativa centralizada y un ejército profesional para reducir el poder de la nobleza. Completan la Reconquista al conquistar el reino nazarí de Granada en 1492 y anexionar Navarra, uniendo así toda la Península bajo su control por primera vez desde la época romana.
Aqualand is Coming to Singapore School Kebon Jeruksiskjonline
The Singapore School in Kebon Jeruk, Indonesia is affiliated with the Singapore International School and offers free trials. Construction is starting in 2013 on an aquatic facility called Aqualand at the Singapore School campus. The school holds open houses weekly and provides special benefits and entry test scholarships.
Hypertextsorten: Neuartige Möglichkeiten der Informationsrecherche im World W...Georg Rehm
Georg Rehm. Hypertextsorten: Neuartige Möglichkeiten der Informationsrecherche im World Wide Web. Tagung der Computerlinguistik-Studierenden (TaCoS 2003), Universität Gießen, Germany, June 2003. June, 2003. Invited talk.
This document provides information about getting fully solved assignments. It gives contact information for an assignment help service via email or phone call. It then provides an example assignment for the subject Multimedia Systems, including questions about defining digital multimedia, explaining different color models (HSB, RGB, CMYK, L*a*b), and describing the GIF and JPEG file formats with their features. Students are instructed to send their semester and specialization to the provided email to obtain solved assignments.
Mf0010 & security analysis and portfolio management (1)smumbahelp
This document provides information about getting fully solved assignments from an assignment help service. It lists an email address and phone number to contact the service, and provides details of 6 sample assignments covering topics like investment process, financial derivatives, risk factors, intrinsic value analysis, technical analysis, and arbitrage pricing theory. Students are instructed to send their semester and specialization to the email address to get solved assignments.
This document provides information about getting fully solved assignments from an assignment help service. It includes their email address and phone number to contact for help with assignments. It then provides a sample assignment covering various topics in English literature including notes on Romantic poetry, Milton's Paradise Lost, metaphysical poetry, plot and drama, types of sonnets including Shakespearean sonnets, and comparisons of The Odyssey and Virgil's Aeneid. The assignment includes multiple questions on each topic with detailed answers provided.
This document provides information about obtaining fully solved assignments from an assignment help service. It lists contact information for the service, including an email address and phone number. It also provides details about the assignments available, including course codes, credit hours, and word counts required for answers. Sample questions and answers are provided to demonstrate the type and level of detail of the assignments.
El documento es el resumen de una reunión de padres del segundo año de la escuela E.E.S.O. N° 605 en Zavalla, Santa Fe. La reunión trata sobre establecer límites para los hijos e incluye una discusión de temas como el horario escolar, uniformes, higiene, respeto de normas, notas académicas y una actividad de reflexión sobre cómo establecen los padres límites en casa.
Ruim 50 belangstellenden kwamen dinsdag 15 september 2015 naar de Duurzaam Doen Lezing van ROC Friese Poort Centrum Duurzaam. De lezing stond in het teken van het delen van technische kennis over energiebesparingsmogelijkheden met verschillende warmtesystemen. Installateurs, bouwbedrijven, vertegenwoordigers van diverse onderwijsinstellingen, mbo-studenten en –docenten, verkregen nieuwe inzichten over de verschillende mogelijkheden van besparen met warmtesystemen. Johan van Putten van JAGA en Erik Olden van IMI Heimeier waren de gastsprekers.
Klik hier voor het volledige bericht:
http://www.centrumduurzaamfriesland.nl/nieuws/energie-besparen-met-verschillende-warmtesystemen/
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
(Prefer mailing. Call in emergency )
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
(Prefer mailing. Call in emergency )
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is the second generation (2G) digital cellular standard developed in Europe in the 1980s. It uses TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) and FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) to allow multiple users to access the network simultaneously. The key components of a GSM network are the base station, base station controller, mobile switching center, home location register, and visitor location register. GSM networks operate on various frequency bands and use logical channels to transmit different types of information like voice calls, SMS messages, and signaling data. GSM became the most widely used 2G standard globally due to its widespread adoption in Europe and other regions.
The document provides an overview of the key differences between GSM and CDMA wireless networks. It discusses differences in their radio spectrum usage, network architectures, radio channel technologies, call processing, and evolution to 3G. The network architectures for both include mobile stations, base stations, base station controllers, and mobile switching centers. However, GSM uses TDMA while CDMA uses direct sequence spread spectrum. CDMA allows frequency reuse in all cells while GSM requires frequency assignments between adjacent cells. The document also compares their historical development and technical parameters.
This document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) standard. It describes the key components of the GSM system architecture, including the mobile station, base station subsystem (consisting of base transceiver stations and base station controllers), and network subsystem (consisting of mobile switching centers, home location registers, visitor location registers, and authentication centers). It also outlines the various interfaces that connect these components, such as the air interface Um, Abis interface, and A interface, as well as the protocols used on each interface.
This paper discusses a new cellular wireless network architecture that uses an unlimited number of antennas at base stations. This allows base stations to better distinguish between user signals and eliminate pilot contamination. Pilot contamination occurs now when pilot sequences are reused in nearby cells, causing interference. With many antennas, base stations can spatially separate pilot signals from different cells. This noncooperative approach could improve spectral efficiency without cell coordination. The paper introduces new techniques to address fundamental issues in multi-user MIMO networks with massive antenna arrays at base stations.
This document describes a GSM-based campus display system project submitted by three students - Shah Kashyap B., Suthar Pragnesh G., and Rathod Yuvraj S. - to fulfill the requirements for their bachelor's degree. The project involves designing a system using a GSM modem and microcontroller that can receive SMS messages and display messages on an LCD screen for information broadcasting on a college campus. The document provides details about the hardware components used, including the GSM modem, microcontroller, and LCD display, as well as the interfacing between the components and software implementation.
An Efficient Call Admission Control Scheme for Handling Handoffs in Wireless ...pijans
Personal Communication Network (PCN) is an emerging wireless network that promises many new
services for the telecommunication industry. The proliferation of demands for extending wireless services
to integrated services, which supports the transmission of data and multimedia information, has resulted in
the need for broadband wireless systems that are able to provide service capabilities similar to those of
wire line networks. The ATM cell - relay paradigm is one possible approach to provide broadband wireless
transmission with PCN’s using the ATM switching networks for interconnection of PCN cells. As traffic in
these mobile cellular networks increases, Handoffs will become an increasingly important issue. As cell
sizes shrink to accommodate an increasingly large demand of services, newer more efficient handoff
schemes need to be used. In this paper, the authors describe the use of novel and efficient data structure
which dynamically allocates guard channel for handoffs and introduces the concept of channel borrowing
strategy. The proposed scheme allocates the guard channels for handoff requests dynamically, based on the
traffic load for certain time period. A new originating call in the cell coverage area also uses these guard
channels if they are unused. Our basic idea is to allow Guard channels to be shared between new calls and
handoff calls. This approach maximizes the channel utilization. The simulation results prove that the
channel borrowing scheme improves the overall throughput.
Handover between WCDMA and GSM allows the GSM network to be used
to give fallback coverage for WCDMA technology. This means that subscribers
can experience seamless services—even with a phased build-out
of WCDMA—which is of importance to the commercial launches in 2003.
As the leading total system provider, Ericsson has developed technologies
that overcome the challenges of interworking between WCDMA and
GSM. For example, Ericsson was first to demonstrate handover from
WCDMA to GSM in a live network.
The document provides an overview of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), the 3G mobile communication standard. It discusses trends driving the need for UMTS, including increasing data usage, integration of technologies, and limitations of 2G systems. The document also outlines key demands on UMTS, the standardization process, and the staged development of UMTS from GSM networks to the new UMTS network architecture using W-CDMA and other CDMA technologies over dedicated frequency bands.
This document provides an overview of the evolution of wireless communication networks over multiple generations, from early 0G systems to current 5G technologies. It discusses the key technologies and concepts in each generation, including cellular systems and frequency reuse (1G), digital standards like GSM and CDMA (2G), the introduction of high-speed data services (3G), and advances like OFDM, MIMO and heterogeneous networks (4G/5G). The document emphasizes how each new generation addressed challenges around network capacity and multiple access to meet growing demand for wireless connectivity.
This document summarizes Sharanjit Kaur's industrial training presentation at MTNL. It introduces MTNL and provides an overview of topics covered during training, including switching, signaling, broadband, and transmission. It then describes projects undertaken and steps to improve quality of service in 3G networks, including checking equipment, monitoring KPIs, increasing bandwidth, and performing drive tests using the TEMS Investigation tool.
This document provides a summary of an industrial training presentation at MTNL. It introduces MTNL and describes key topics covered during the training, including switching, signaling, broadband, and transmission. It discusses these topics in detail and provides examples of projects undertaken and steps that can be taken to improve quality of service in 3G networks. The document concludes with a summary of field training experiences at different MTNL locations.
Wireless electronic notice board using gsm technolgydhanshri_deshmukh
This document discusses the design of a wireless electronic notice board using GSM technology. It begins with introductions to GSM and embedded systems. It then shows the block diagram of the notice board, which includes a GSM modem connected to a microcontroller that controls an LCD display. The document discusses the history and services of GSM networks. It provides details on the architecture of GSM networks and their components like the mobile station, base station subsystem, and network subsystem.
The document discusses Wide Band Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) and provides details about its history, frequency bands used, network architecture, channels, and key components like Node B, RNC, CN, HLR, VLR, AuC, EIR, and OMC. WCDMA is a 3G mobile communication system standardized by ITU in 1985 as IMT-2000. It uses CDMA technology and allows multiple users to access the same frequency channel simultaneously through the use of unique codes.
WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a 3G mobile technology that uses CDMA to allow multiple users to access a wide 5MHz radio channel simultaneously. Key features of WCDMA include fast power control to manage interference between users, and soft/softer handover which allows a mobile to connect to multiple base stations for better call quality as the user moves between cells. WCDMA was developed to provide higher data speeds and capacity over wireless networks compared to 2G technologies like GSM.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
An investigation-on-efficient-spreading-codes-for-transmitter-based-technique...Cemal Ardil
This document summarizes research on efficient spreading codes for transmitter-based techniques to mitigate interference in time division duplex code division multiple access (TDD/CDMA) downlink systems. It investigates bitwise and blockwise multiuser transmission schemes that transfer complexity to the transmitter. Different spreading codes are evaluated based on correlation properties to determine suitability for techniques like precoding, pre-rake, and rake diversity. Performance is measured by bit error rate with varying numbers of users to identify the most efficient codes for interference mitigation.
The document discusses ad hoc and sensor networks. It provides sample questions and answers related to various topics in this area. Some key points covered include:
- Characteristics of wireless channels include path loss, fading, interference, Doppler shift, and transmission rate constraints.
- Shannon's theorem states the maximum possible data rate on a noisy channel as a function of bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio.
- An ad hoc network is a decentralized type of wireless network without any fixed infrastructure. It is suitable for situations where a wired network cannot be setup.
- Challenging issues in ad hoc network maintenance include medium access, routing, multicasting, transport layer protocols, pricing schemes, and quality of service
1. Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
[ Spring 2015 ] ASSIGNMENT
PROGRAM BSc IT
SEMESTER FIFTH
SUBJECT CODE & NAME BT0086, Mobile Computing
CREDITS 4
BK ID B2067
MAX. MARKS 60
Note: Answer all questions.
Q. 1. Write short notes on:
(a) Frequency modulation (FM): In telecommunications and signal processing, frequency
modulation (FM) is the encoding of information in a carrier wave by varying the instantaneous
frequencyof the wave.(Compare withamplitude modulation, in which the amplitude of the carrier
wave varies, while the frequency remains constant.)
In analogsignal applications,the difference between the instantaneous and the base frequency of
the carrier is directly proportional to the instantaneous value of the input-signal amplitude.
(b) Phase modulation (PM): Phase modulation (PM) is a modulation pattern that encodes
informationas variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave.Phase modulation is widely
used for transmitting radio waves and is an integral part of many digital transmission coding
schemesthatunderlie awide range of technologieslike WiFi,GSMand satellitetelevision.PMisused
for signal and waveform generation in digital synthesizers, such as the Yamaha DX7 to implement
FM synthesis. A
Q. 2. What is near and far effect problem in wireless communication? Explain in brief.
Answer: The near-far problem or hearability problem is a situation that is common in wireless
communication systems, in particular, CDMA. In some signal jamming techniques, the near-far
problem is exploited to disrupt communications. The near-far problem is a condition in which a
receivercapturesastrongsignal and therebymakesitimpossibleforthe receivertodetecta weaker
signal. The near-far problem is particularly difficult in CDMA systems, where transmitters share
transmission frequencies and transmission time. By contrast, FDMA and TDMA systems are less
vulnerable.
2. Q. 3. Explain about the Operation Sub System (OSS) of GSM system.
Answer:The operations and maintenance center (OMC) is connected to all equipment in the
switching system and to the BSC. The implementation of OMC is called the operation and support
system (OSS).
Here are some of the OMC functions:
Administration and commercial operation (subscription, end terminals, charging and
statistics).
Security Management.
Q. 4. Explain Hard handover and Soft handover in UMTS.
Answer:The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a third generation mobile
cellular system for networks based on the GSMstandard. Developed and maintained by the 3GPP
(3rd Generation Partnership Project), UMTS is a component of the International
Telecommunications Union IMT-2000 standard set and compares with the CDMA2000 standard set
for networks based on the competing cdmaOne technology. UMTS uses wideband code division
multiple access (W-CDMA) radio access technology to offer greater spectral efficiency and
bandwidth to mobile network operators.UMTS specifies
Q. 5.List the advantages and disadvantages of Infra-red technology.
Answer:Asnext-generationelectronicinformation systems evolve, it is critical that all people have
access to the information available via these systems. Examples of developing and future
information systems include interactive television, touchscreen-based information kiosks, and
advancedInternetprograms.Infraredtechnology,increasingly present in mainstream applications,
holds great potential for enabling people with a variety of disabilities to access a growing list of
information resources. Already commonly used
Q. 6. Write short notes on:
(a) HiCoMo: High Commit Mobile Transaction Model:
HiCoMo's are analyzedandseveral base (fixednetwork) transactionsare generatedinorder to bring
the same effect upon the base tables from which the aggregates are derived. In this paper, we
provide a formal definition for the concepts related to HiCoMo's, and a transformation algorithm
that is used to analyze them and generate base transactions.
(b) Kangaroo mobile transaction model:
3. Unlike distributedtransactions, mobile transactions do not originate and end at the same site. The
implication of the movement of such transactions is that classical atomicity, concurrency and
recovery solutions must be revisited to capture the movement behavior. As an effort in this
direction, we define a model of mobile
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601