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ROCK BOLTING
Rock and Soils 2009
Don Cameron
CONTENT
 Introduction to rock bolting
Rock Bolts, Rock Anchors
 Tension bolt
 mechanical bolt
 friction bolt
 grouted bolt or cable
 Shear bolt (dowel action)
 Long or relatively short?
Benefits of a Bolt
Tensile force in bolt produces greater normal force &
hence joint friction and anti-sliding force, Ta
TYPES 0F ROCKBOLTS
A. Mechanically Anchored
 Cone forced into expanding shell @ base by
screwing nut to shank
 Voids subsequently grouted
 Moderately hard to hard rocks
 slipping likely in VERY hard rock
 Blast vibration may loosen anchor
 Digunakan untuk lubang bukaan pada
batuan terkekarkan
 Daerah yang berpotensi terjadinya
runtuhan baji atau blok
 Mudah dan cepat dalam
pemasangannya
 Dapat ditarik untuk memberi efek
kuncian pada potensial baji yang
tidak stabil
Terbagi menjadi ( berdasarkan
pengaplikasiaannya):
 Ungrouted mechanicals anchored bolt
• pada daerah non korosi
• Untuk penggunaan jangka pendek
dan menengah
 Grouted mechanicals anchored bolt
• Terdapat resiko korosi
• Penggunaan jangka panjang
• Grouted dilakukan setelah periode
tarikan
Reference: Hoek, E., Ch 14 of
Practical Rock Engineering, 2007
http://www.rocscience.com/hoek/pdf/14_Rockbolts_and_cables.pdf
TYPES 0F ROCKBOLTS
B. Friction Anchored Rock Bolts (heavily jointed
rock) perlu wire mesh/shotcrete
Split-set & Swellex
1. Swellex - collapsed tube, expanded in drillhole
with water pressure
 Pull-out resistance dependent on applied water
pressure
 Expensive and temporary
http://www.swellex.com/
TYPES 0F ROCKBOLTS
B. Friction Anchored Rock Bolts
2. Split-set - collapsed tube, expanded in drillhole
with water pressure
 borehole diameter crucial: must be slightly smaller than
split-set
 no tension
 bolt lengths < 3 m
www.splitset.com/rock-bolts.html
TYPES 0F ROCKBOLTS
C. Grouted Rock Bolts
 Cement or resin cartridge placed in drillhole
 Reobar ‘drilled’ through cartridges
 Top of the bolt not bonded to the grout (wrapped
in PVC tape)
 Nut tensioned against anchored end
 Versatile, high corrosion resistance
http://www.rocscience.com/hoek/pdf/14_Rockbolts_and_cables.pdf
Reference: Hoek, E., Ch 14 of
Practical Rock Engineering, 2007
TYPES 0F ROCKBOLTS
D. Grouted Cable Bolts
 Temporary support systems
 Untensioned fully grouted cables (used in the
mining industry)
 act as passive reinforcement
 the rock mass must be in a state of compression
during installation
 dilation upon shearing tensions the anchor
Passive reinforcement
- non-tensioned
Tensile force develops as slide initiates:
dilational joint only (rough, undulating)
Example of use of Cable Bolts
Windy Point Great Ocean Road
 instability of 200,000 tons of rock
 Sandstones, interbedded mudstones, 27° dip seaward
 Problems during installation; slide moving @ 2 cm per
day
 Slide stopped after first 7 anchors installed
 45 x 170 ton anchors, 18 to 43m long
 Estimated F of S = 1.07
Summary: Rock bolts
Rock bolts and cables can incorporate;
• mechanical anchorage
• grout
Rock bolts and cables may be post-
tensioned (active) or rely on the rock
mass to do the work (passive)

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pdfslide.net_rock-bolts-2009ppt.ppt

  • 1. ROCK BOLTING Rock and Soils 2009 Don Cameron
  • 3. Rock Bolts, Rock Anchors  Tension bolt  mechanical bolt  friction bolt  grouted bolt or cable  Shear bolt (dowel action)  Long or relatively short?
  • 4. Benefits of a Bolt Tensile force in bolt produces greater normal force & hence joint friction and anti-sliding force, Ta
  • 5. TYPES 0F ROCKBOLTS A. Mechanically Anchored  Cone forced into expanding shell @ base by screwing nut to shank  Voids subsequently grouted  Moderately hard to hard rocks  slipping likely in VERY hard rock  Blast vibration may loosen anchor
  • 6.  Digunakan untuk lubang bukaan pada batuan terkekarkan  Daerah yang berpotensi terjadinya runtuhan baji atau blok  Mudah dan cepat dalam pemasangannya  Dapat ditarik untuk memberi efek kuncian pada potensial baji yang tidak stabil
  • 7. Terbagi menjadi ( berdasarkan pengaplikasiaannya):  Ungrouted mechanicals anchored bolt • pada daerah non korosi • Untuk penggunaan jangka pendek dan menengah  Grouted mechanicals anchored bolt • Terdapat resiko korosi • Penggunaan jangka panjang • Grouted dilakukan setelah periode tarikan
  • 8. Reference: Hoek, E., Ch 14 of Practical Rock Engineering, 2007 http://www.rocscience.com/hoek/pdf/14_Rockbolts_and_cables.pdf
  • 9. TYPES 0F ROCKBOLTS B. Friction Anchored Rock Bolts (heavily jointed rock) perlu wire mesh/shotcrete Split-set & Swellex 1. Swellex - collapsed tube, expanded in drillhole with water pressure  Pull-out resistance dependent on applied water pressure  Expensive and temporary http://www.swellex.com/
  • 10. TYPES 0F ROCKBOLTS B. Friction Anchored Rock Bolts 2. Split-set - collapsed tube, expanded in drillhole with water pressure  borehole diameter crucial: must be slightly smaller than split-set  no tension  bolt lengths < 3 m www.splitset.com/rock-bolts.html
  • 11. TYPES 0F ROCKBOLTS C. Grouted Rock Bolts  Cement or resin cartridge placed in drillhole  Reobar ‘drilled’ through cartridges  Top of the bolt not bonded to the grout (wrapped in PVC tape)  Nut tensioned against anchored end  Versatile, high corrosion resistance
  • 13. TYPES 0F ROCKBOLTS D. Grouted Cable Bolts  Temporary support systems  Untensioned fully grouted cables (used in the mining industry)  act as passive reinforcement  the rock mass must be in a state of compression during installation  dilation upon shearing tensions the anchor
  • 14. Passive reinforcement - non-tensioned Tensile force develops as slide initiates: dilational joint only (rough, undulating)
  • 15. Example of use of Cable Bolts Windy Point Great Ocean Road  instability of 200,000 tons of rock  Sandstones, interbedded mudstones, 27° dip seaward  Problems during installation; slide moving @ 2 cm per day  Slide stopped after first 7 anchors installed  45 x 170 ton anchors, 18 to 43m long  Estimated F of S = 1.07
  • 16.
  • 17. Summary: Rock bolts Rock bolts and cables can incorporate; • mechanical anchorage • grout Rock bolts and cables may be post- tensioned (active) or rely on the rock mass to do the work (passive)