3. QUARRY
A Quarry is a place from which
dimension ,stone , rock ,
construction aggregate ,sand ,
gravel or slate has been
excavated from the ground. A
quarry is something as an open
-pit mine from which minerals
are extracted
4. Quarrying
Quarrying is the process of
removing rock , sand , gravel or
other minerals from the minerals
from the ground in order to use
them to produce materials for
construction or other uses.
5. What do quarries produce?
● Gypsum
● Salt
● Potash
● Coal
● Common clays
● Silica sand
● Chemical grade limestones
6. Quarries in world
Carrara quarry
in Tuscany, Italy
An abandoned
construction aggregate
quarry near Adelaide,
South Australia
An abandoned
stone quarry in
Kerala, India
7. Negative impacts on quarrying
● Wildlife habitats are destroyed
● Loss of agricultural land is taken away
● Noice and dust pollution
● Damages to building
● Visual pollution affects tourism
● Landfill sites and waste tips generates methane
gas
● Consumption of non-renewable sources as
limestone , hence quarrying is unsustainable
8. Reducing the impacts of quarrying
● To reduce visual pollution & landscapping , tree planting
could take place
● Restrictions on the size of quarries and working hours
could cut down on noice pollution
● Rail could be used to transport the quarried rock where
possible.
● Disused quarries could be used as car parks
● Flooded quarries could b used for water sports for the
benefits of tourists and the local economy
10. SAND MINING
Sand mining is the extraction of sand mining
through an open pit but sometimes mined
from beaches and inland dunes or dredged
from ocean and river beds sand is often ,
used in manufacturing concretes , abrasives
etc.
11. IMPACTS OF SAND MINING
1. PHYSICAL IMPACTS
2. WATER QUALITY
3. ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS
12. PHYSICAL IMPACTS
● It leads to Erosion of channel bed and banks ,
Increase in channel slope and changed morphology
● Collapse of river bank
● Loss of adjacent land or structures
● Upstream erosion changes in flow velocity
● Downstream erosion results in changes in patterns of
depositions and changes in channel bed and habitat
type
13. WATER QUALITY
● Reduced water quality for downstream
users
● Increased cost for downstream water
treatment plants
● Poisoning of aquatic life
14. ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS
● Direct loss of stream reserve habitats
● Disturbances of species attached to streambed
deposits
● Reduced primary production
● Reduced feeding opportunities
● Effects on bird nesting , fish migration
16. FOOD ADULTERATION
Adulteration is a legal term meaning that a
food product fail to meet legal standards.
Adulteration is a addition of another
substance to a food items in in order to
increase the quantity of the food item in a
raw form or prepared form which may result
in the loss of actual quantity of food item.
