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- 1. Environmental Pollution & Control in Salt Industries AS2016078
- 2. Outline ▪ Introduction ▪ Process ▪ Impacts on the environment due to the -industrial activities -disposal of by-products/ emissions ▪ Mitigation measures ▪ Recommendation ▪ Reference 2
- 3. Industry and study area Company : Elephant pass pvt.Ltd Address :Kandy Road, Elephant pass, Killinochi. Directors : Mr.U.Banujan B.Sc Engineering (Hons) Mr. B.Baleshwaran Contact Details :epssalt@gmail.com / 0776494208 / 0212264930 3
- 4. Introduction.. ▪ To establish a mechanical salt washery to produce 5000 MT of iodated crystal salt ▪ To distribute iodated salt packets in Foreign market and all districts in Sri Lanka. ▪ Crushed salt for the fish curing ▪ Contribute to eliminate Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) in Sri Lanka
- 5. Objectives of the industry ▪ Setting up of brine management and production ▪ Manufacture salt based value added products for direct consumption such as refined and iodized salt. ▪ Manufacture of Iron fortified salt & High nutritive salts with all micro nutrients of sea water. ▪ Manufacture salt based by product such as Magnesium Sulphate, Gypsum and Chemicals ▪ Manufacture biological products such as Artemia
- 6. Varieties of salt products ▪ Processed salt for industrial application ▪ Crushed edible salt for fish curing ▪ Iodate singithi salt ▪ Iodate consumer salt ▪ Agriculture salt ▪ Gypsum ▪ Salt for sea food preserving
- 7. Methodology ▪ Interviews with Salt Farmer and the owner ▪ Data collection Online searches ▪ Newspaper articles ▪ Data collection from case studies and annual report
- 8. PFD of salt production
- 9. Process of salt production
- 10. Impacts on the environment and mitigation measures
- 11. Impact ▪ Clear cutting of mangroves for salt production poses a threat to the conservation of mangrove ecosystems ▪ Effects on animal populations, such as fish, birds, crabs, and shellfish inhabiting the mangroves, ▪ Change in bird populations , decrease in the number of birds
- 12. Impacts cont.. Due to the industrial activities Salt pans are responsible for elevating local soil salinity and for producing a hypersaline runoff. It consists of saline water, oil, salts and chemical constituents. ▪ Impair mangrove growth and regeneration ▪ Impairing its ability to produce crops and forage.
- 13. Mitigation ▪ Use of halophilic vegetation to restore degraded lands Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, Suaeda australis, Chenopodium album
- 14. Impacts cont.. Due to the industrial activities ▪ Disposal of by-products/ emissions Brine ▪ The high salt concentrations in brine come from salt deposits 10 times the salinity of ocean water. ▪ The disposal Spent Brine containing high levels of Mg + salts most hazardous Mg+ salts accumulation
- 15. Impacts cont.. ▪ Chloride levels in and around the spill area are toxic to many biological species ▪ Accidental releases of brine can result in detrimental effects on aquatic life ▪ Pollution from sewage and oil continues to damage mangrove stands, sea grass and salt marsh
- 16. Mitigation • Diluting to reach minimum return point, that could be applied to regulate brine
- 17. Mitigation • Recovery of saleable chemical products
- 18. Impact and mitigation cont.. ▪ Rate of wind an tidal erosion increased since starting the salt farm Saline rehabilitation with Saltbush
- 19. Impact and mitigation cont.. ▪ Algal blooms in reservoirs & evaporators(UNESCO) Toxic to fish Shellfish poisoning Fatal illnesses in humans
- 20. Impact and mitigation cont.. ▪ To prevent algal blooms, current algae control options Chemicals : Alum, lanthanum Aeration : Continuous supply of oxygen Mixing : Mixing water to eliminate stratified layers
- 21. Impact and mitigation cont.. ▪ Contamination of water bodies may result due to spilling materials and surface runoff. There may be increase in the turbidity levels temporarily This can be avoided by careful selection of the tower site and the access route so that the surface runoff does not meet the waterbody.
- 22. Impact and mitigation cont.. ▪ Chemical substances and oily waste get leached by precipitation of water and percolate to the ground water table.. Erosion control measures and Proper collection & disposal of brine
- 23. Other impacts ▪ Movement of heavy vehicles may would give rise to emission of dust particles ▪ depletion in the soil as well as changes the soil permeability ▪ Increase the conductivity of water and accelerate corrosion ▪ Deteriorate concrete on bridge decking and parking garage structures, and damage reinforcing rods
- 24. More recommendation for mitigation ▪ Brine spill remediation is to remove or minimize salts in the soil ▪ Operators must look for alternative treatment and disposal options ▪ Previous management measures to conserve the declining mangrove ▪ Stakeholder participation to conserve the mangroves
- 25. References • Ahmed, M., Arakel, A., Hoey, D., Thumarukudy, M., Goosen, M., Al- Haddabi, M. and Al-Belushi, A., 2020. Feasibility Of Salt Production From Inland RO Desalination Plant Reject Brine: A Case Study. • Centre, U., 2020. Salterns - UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [online] Whc.unesco.org. Available at: <https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5484/> [Accessed 18 May 2020]. • Mfa.gov.lk. 2020. You Are Being Redirected.... [online] Available at: <https://www.mfa.gov.lk/ta/4936-elephant-pass-to-resume-salt- production/> [Accessed 18 May 2020]. • LG Sonic. 2020. How To Prevent Algal Blooms? Comparing Control Methods. [online] Available at: <https://www.lgsonic.com/blogs/how-to- prevent-algal-blooms/> [Accessed 18 May 2020].
- 26. • 2020. [online] Available at: <https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dario_Angeletti/publication/26778 7521_The_recent_history_of_the_Tarquinia_Salterns_offers_the_opportu nity_to_investigate_parallel_changes_at_the_habitat_and_biodiversity_lev els/links/552c4d6b0cf21acb0920c6f7.pdf?inViewer=true&pdfJsDownload= true&disableCoverPage=true&origin=publication_detail> [Accessed 18 May 2020]. • Ahmed, M., Arakel, A., Hoey, D., Thumarukudy, M., Goosen, M., Al- Haddabi, M. and Al-Belushi, A., 2020. Feasibility Of Salt Production From Inland RO Desalination Plant Reject Brine: A Case Study.
Editor's Notes
- SALTERN Salt, also known as sodium chloride and used in the preparation of innumerable food items, has a large and constant demand worldwide. The saltern spans an area of 1,946 acres from north to south in the Jaffna Peninsula in Northern Sri Lanka. The pre-feasibility studies indicate that the saltern will be able to produce 70,000 to 80,000 metric tons of salt,
- from common salt manufactured in Kilinochi District. to the fishermen with reasonable price and issues the sufficient salt for the marketing.
- Besides Sodium Chloride (Salt) on other multiple potential uses of the salt ponds and many other economic activities that could be associated with the salt production in a solar salt works system
- Methods and techniques of salt farming were studied and impacts to the envieonment are analyzed
- input material, output material by-products Methods and techniques of salt farming were studied and analyzed
- Salt water is left in large rectangular pans (tanks) After the evaporation of sea water by the action of the sun and the wind, the sea salt condenses and crystallizes on the surface of the crystallizer, where by a controlled harvesting process, the sea salt is cut and gathered ready to be transported the salt will undergo a series of processes such as washing, spinning, grinding, drying, sieving, etc. Clean brine, made by dissolving fine salt, is used to wash the salt to remove small amounts of impurities such as magnesium sulfate. to be finally packaged in different presentation packaging ready for its multiple uses and applications.
- The rate of mangrove deforestation is alarming since starting the salt farm because mangroves are a critical component of coastal ecosystems citing habitat destruction as a possible cause Reforestationn mangroves, seagrass
- that may
- using the salt-tolerant crops Several halophyte species including grasses, shrubs, and trees can remove the salt from different kinds of salt-affected problematic soils . accumulate and exclude the salt
- in disposal area the Project undertakes to extract them and minimize the Mg+ salts content in the Bittern to dispose Treating and/or disposing of salts contained in produced waters provide a daily challenge for operators and resource managers. content in large volumes of produced and flow back waters
- While large spills cause dramatic effects such as fish kills, small releases may contribute to cumulative changes in the overall salt composition and aquatic community structure The constant transport of these waters to treatment and disposal locations increases the likelihood of spills during transport, and the volume of production increases the likelihood of spills at the well
- in sensitive areas
- Coastal soil erosion Due to the destruction of mangroves, the coastal erosion is triggered. Many mangroves destructed areas’ coastal lands have been eroded pathetically. Mangroves are acting as a buffers to protect the coastal area from tides ,wind and runoff.
- The nutrient rich seawater in saltworks favours.
- Issues arise due to total dissolved solids and salt absorption ratios
- This situation will increase during the rainy season and have a critical impact on surface and ground water
- causing the soil to become impervious which blocks water infiltration, reduces soil stability, and decreases the soil pH
- Environmentally, [sea salt collection] can be a low-impact operation, although we manage to find ways to increase the impact, what with trucking loads long distances or speeding up the evaporation process by using fossil fuel-based energy