Presentation On Soil solidification, Soil acidification, Soil alkalinization, Soil pollution.

1. Presentation On
Soil solidification, Soil acidification,
Soil alkalinization, Soil pollution.
Course Name: Environmental Geochemistry
Course code: ESE-2203
Presented to:
Professor Dr. Ashraf Ali Seddique
Chairman
Dept. of Environmental Science & Engineering
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University.
Presented by:
Md. Maksudul Amin Talukder
ID No: 20103402
Session : 2019-20
Department of Environmental Science & Engineering.
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University.

2. What is soil solidification?
The process of transforming loose or unstable soil into a stable and load-bearing
material through the use of additives or techniques to improve its strength and
durability.
Objectives
 To Enhance Soil Stability and
durability.
 Increase Load-Bearing Capacity.
 Improve Soil Strength.
 Reduce Soil Settlement.
 Mitigate Erosion and Slope Failures.
 Optimize Construction Efficiency &
Provide Environmental Protection.
Materials Used for Soil
Solidification:
 Cement: That improves soil strength and stability.
 Fly Ash: That bind with the soil particles, improving
their strength and stability.
 Bentonite: It can be used to solidify soil by forming
a waterproof barrier and improving its load-bearing
capacity.
 Silicates: These silicate-based materials react
with the soil to form a hardened gel-like
substance, enhancing its strength and stability.
 Bitumen: Bituminous materials bind the soil
particles together, improving stability and
resistance to moisture.

3. Methods of Soil solidification:
1. Mechanical Method & 2. Chemical Method.
Mechanical method
 Dynamic Compaction: Heavy weights
are used to compact and densify loose soil
layers.
 Vibroflotation: Vibrating probes are
Causing densification and compaction
through the application of vertical vibrations.
 Jet Grouting: High-pressure jets of grout
are injected into the soil, creating a
cementitious mixture that solidifies and
strengthens the surrounding soil.
 Deep Soil Mixing: Mixing equipment,
such as augers or mixing paddles, are used to
blend additives, such as cement or lime, into
the soil at depth, creating a solidified soil
mass.
Chemical Method
 Cement Solidification: The cement
reacts with water to form a hardened matrix,
improving the soil's strength and stability.
 Lime Stabilization: The lime chemically
reacts with the soil particles, increasing their
strength and reducing plasticity, particularly
effective for clayey or cohesive soils.
 Chemical Grouting: These grouts fill
voids, compact the soil, and create a
solidified mass, enhancing its load-bearing
characteristics.
 Biopolymer Solidification: These
biopolymers interact with the soil minerals,
forming a cement-like substance and
solidifying the soil.

4. What is soil acidification?
The process of decreasing the pH levels of soil below the optimal range, typically
pH 6-7.
Resulting from natural factors (e.g., weathering of rocks) and human activities
(e.g., acid rain, excessive fertilizer use).
Leads to reduced nutrient availability, impaired plant growth, and negative impacts
on agricultural productivity and soil biodiversity.
The cause of
soil
Acididification

5. Effect of Soil Acidification on Nature:
Reduced Nutrient Availability
Impaired Plant Growth and Productivity
Soil Structure and Fertility Decline
Aluminum Toxicity
Impact on Soil Microorganisms and Biodiversity.

6. Control & management of Soil acidification:
Soil Testing and Monitoring: Regularly test soil pH levels to assess the degree of
acidification.
Liming: Apply agricultural lime or other alkaline substances to raise soil pH and neutralize
acidity.
Nutrient Management: Conduct soil nutrient testing to determine nutrient deficiencies
and apply appropriate fertilizers.
Sustainable Soil Management Practices: Adopt soil conservation practices, such as
contour plowing and cover cropping, to reduce soil erosion and maintain soil structure.

7. What is Soil Alkalinization?
The process of increasing the pH levels of soil above the
optimal range, typically pH 7-8 or higher.
It occurs when the soil becomes more basic or alkaline due to
various natural or anthropogenic factors.
Soil alkalinization can impact nutrient availability, alter
microbial communities, and affect plant growth and productivity.
The cause of
soil
Alkalinization

8. Effect of soil Alkalinization:
 Reduced Nutrient
Availability.
 Impaired Plant Growth and
productivity.
 Soil Structure and Fertility
decline.
 Aluminum Toxicity.
 Impact on Soil
Microorganisms and
Biodiversity.
Control & Management of Soil
Alkalinization :
 Soil Testing and Monitoring: Regularly
test soil pH levels to assess the degree of
alkalinization.
 Acidification Techniques: Apply elemental
sulfur or acidifying agents to lower soil
pH and counteract alkalinization.
 Organic Matter Addition: Organic matter
can help buffer soil pH and gradually
reduce alkalinity.
 Soil Acidification and Fertilizer
Placement: Consider localized placement
of acidifying amendments or fertilizers to
target specific areas affected by
alkalinization.

9. What is Soil Pollution?
The contamination or degradation of soil due to the presence of harmful
substances or excessive levels of pollutants.
It is the result of human activities, such as industrial processes, improper waste
disposal, use of pesticides and fertilizers, and mining operations.
Soil pollution negatively impacts soil quality, fertility, and ecosystem health,
posing risks to human health and the environment.

10. Effect of soil pollution:
 Impaired Soil Fertility.
 Reduced Agricultural
Productivity.
 Contaminant Accumulation
in Food Chain.
 Groundwater
Contamination.
 Soil Erosion and
Degradation.
 Biodiversity and Ecological
Impact.
 Air and Water Pollution
 Health Risks.
Control & management of Soil
pollution:
Source Control: Implement strict regulations and
practices to control and minimize the release of
pollutants into the environment.
Soil Remediation Techniques: Utilize soil
remediation methods, such as physical, chemical, and
biological treatments, to reduce or remove
contaminants from polluted soil.
Sustainable Agriculture Practices: These
practices minimize the use of pesticides and
fertilizers, reducing the risk of soil pollution.
Soil Conservation Measures: Implement soil
conservation practices, such as contour plowing,
terracing, and cover cropping, to prevent soil erosion
and maintain soil health.
Collaboration and Policy Support: Support the
development and enforcement of policies and
regulations that promote sustainable land
management practices and pollution prevention.

11. Have any question about my presantation?