This document discusses various topics relating to soil, including solidification, acidification, alkalization, and pollution. It defines soil solidification as stabilizing soil using binding agents like cement or lime. The key techniques are cement, lime, chemical, thermal, and microbial solidification. Soil solidification has applications in construction and environmental remediation. The document also discusses the causes, processes, and impacts of soil acidification and alkalization. Finally, it addresses soil pollution sources, causes, and remediation methods such as phytoremediation, bioremediation, soil washing, and thermal treatment.

1. Md Khairul Haque
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University
Soil Solidification, Soil Acidification, Soil
Alkalization and Soil pollution
Presented By

2. Definition of Soil Solidification
Process of Soil Solidification
Techniques and methods of soil solidification
Applications of Soil Solidification in Construction and Environmental Remediation
Soil Acidification
Cause of Soil Acidification
Process of Soil Acidification
Factors affecting Soil Acidification
Soil Acidification on the Ecosystem and Environment
Soil Alkalization
Cause of Soil Alkalization
Definition of Soil Pollution
Sources of and Cause of Soil Pollution
Methods used to Remediate Soil pollution
Presentation outline:

3. Soil Solidification
Soil solidification is a process of stabilizing soil to make it more durable and resistant
to erosion. This is typically done by adding a binding agent to the soil, such as
cement or lime, which reacts with the soil to form a solid matrix.
Purpose of Soil Solidification
 Increase soil strength - To improve the load-bearing capacity of weak soils.
 Reduce settlement - To prevent soil compression and ensure the stability of
structures.
 Control soil erosion - To make the soil less susceptible to erosion by wind or water.
 Improve soil durability - To increase resistance to weathering and deterioration.
 Control contamination - To contain and control contaminants in the soil

4. Soil Stabilization
 Identify the problem
 Soil testing
 Stabilizing agent
 Mixing
 Compaction
Soil Solidification
 Soil testing
 Solidifying agent
 Mixing
 Curing
 Testing
Process of Soil Solidification

5.  Cement solidification - Adding Portland cement
to the soil to increase its strength.
 Lime solidification - Adding lime to the soil to
increase its stability and reduce water content.
 Chemical solidification - Adding chemical agents
to the soil to enhance its properties.
 Thermal solidification - Heating the soil to a high
temperature to increase its strength and
durability.
 Microbial solidification - Using bacteria to bind
the soil particles and create a stable ground..
 Mechanical Compaction: The soil is compacted
mechanically to increase its density and
strength.
Techniques and methods of soil solidification

6. Applications in Construction:
1.Road construction: Solidified soil is used as a subgrade for roads and highways.
2.Building foundations: Solidified soil can be used as a foundation for buildings, providing a stable
base for construction.
3.Retaining walls: Solidified soil can be used to construct retaining walls, preventing erosion and
stabilizing slopes.
4.Landscaping: Solidified soil can be used to create raised garden beds, retaining walls, and other
landscaping features.
Applications in Environmental Remediation:
1.Brownfield redevelopment: Solidification can be used to stabilize contaminated soil, making it
safe for redevelopment.
2.Waste containment: Solidification can be used to contain hazardous waste, preventing it from
leaching into the environment.
3.Erosion control: Solidification can be used to prevent erosion and stabilize soils in areas prone to
landslides.
Applications of Soil Solidification in Construction and Environmental
Remediation

7. • Soil acidification, this is a process where the pH of the soil
decreases, becoming more acidic. This can be caused by
natural processes such as leaching of minerals, decomposition
of organic matter, or by human activities such as acid rain
deposition or excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers.
Cause of Soil Acidification
• Acid rain
• Agricultural practices
• Mining activities
• Industrial emissions
• Natural processes
• Deforestation
Soil Acidification

8. Process of Soil Acidification

9. Soil Acidification on the
Ecosystem and Environment
 Reduced soil fertility
 Change in Plant and
Communities
 Reduced biodiversity
 Increased soil erosion
 Release of toxic metals
 Water pollution
 Acid rain
 Organic matter decomposition
 Nitrogen fertilizers
 Weathering of minerals
 Vegetation
 Soil type
 Land use practices
 Climate
Factors affecting Soil
Acidification

10. Soil alkalization is a process where the pH of the soil
increases, becoming more alkaline. This can also be
caused by natural processes such as weathering of
rocks, or by human activities such as irrigation with
alkaline water or application of lime to the soil.
Cause of Soil Alkalization
• High levels of sodium in the soil.
• Overuse of lime or other alkaline soil amendments.
• Reduced rainfall or inadequate drainage leading to salt
accumulation in the soil.
• Weathering of alkaline minerals in the soil.
• Agricultural practices, such as excessive irrigation with
high-alkaline water or the use of high-pH fertilizers.
• Industrial pollution and mining activities.
Soil Alkalization

11. Soil pollution. Soil pollution refers to the presence of contaminants in the soil that can be
harmful to human health and the environment. This can be caused by a variety of sources,
including industrial activities, agricultural practices, and improper disposal of waste.
Sources of Soil Pollution
• Industrial activities
• Agricultural practices
• Landfills and waste disposal
• Mining activities
• Construction and demolition
Soil Pollution

12. Cause of
Soil
Pollution
Natural
Man Made
 Volcanic activity
 Natural resource
Extraction
 Wildfires
 Decomposition
 Climate change
 Industrial activities
 Agricultural practices
 Improper of waste
disposal
 Urbanization
 Landfills and waste sites

13. 1. Phytoremediation: This method involves using plants to remove or break
down pollutants in soil.. The contaminated plants can then be harvested and
disposed of safely.
2. Bioremediation: Bioremediation involves using microorganisms to break down
or transform pollutants in soil.
3. Soil washing: Soil washing involves removing pollutants from soil by washing it
with water or a solvent.
4. Thermal treatment: Thermal treatment involves heating contaminated soil to
high temperatures to volatilize or burn off the contaminants.
5. Solidification and stabilization. Solidification involves adding materials such as
cement or lime to bind the contaminants in place, while stabilization involves
adding materials such as carbon or clay to reduce the mobility of the
contaminants.
Methods used to Remediate Soil pollution

14. Thank You For
Your
Attention!!!!