thesis work done on the basis on lab training. thesis title:lab services and techniques

1. Collection of blood
Types:
Capillary or Peripheral blood
Venous blood
Capillary blood collection:
Capillary blood is obtained by pricking the tip of the finger,
lobe of ear, from the toe and in infant, it is obtained from the
heel, finger etc.
It is pricked from about half cm from the nail and about 3
mm deep. If the place is cold warm it by massaging. Disinfect
the site with spirit or 95 % alcohol. This way of blood
collection is used when the blood required in small drops and
this is done using disposable sterile needle or lancet.
Venous puncture:
When large quantity of blood is needed, it is taken from vein
(generally vein of arm). Any prominent vein is used for
sample collection. 5 veins that passes through arm are
cephalic vein, basilic vein, accessory cephalic vein, median
vein and anterior vein.
Equipments required:
Needle, syringe, tourniquet, disinfectant, cotton swab, tray of
water, collection bottle.
Procedure:
 Decide the amount of blood required and the container.
 Apply the tourniquet and select the prominent vein.
 With cotton swab disinfect the puncture site.
 Check if the syringe is sharp unblocked and moving
smoothly by passing air.
 Ask the patient to open and close the wrist.

2.  Keep the point of needle to upper side and push firmly and
steadily into the centerof the vein (angle betweenskin and
needle is 30 to 40°
).
 Take the blood and remove the tourniquet.
 Place cotton swab over the wound and withdraw the
needle slowly,
 Ask the patient to remove swab to stop bleeding.
 Remove the needle from the syringe and gently expel the
blood into the appropriate container.
 If anticoagulant is used shake the bottle for proper mixing.
 Anticoagulants used: Citrate, EDTA, CPD, Oxalate,
Heparine.
Blood sample can also be collected in vacutainers