This document discusses different methods of blood collection. It describes arterial sampling, venipuncture sampling, and fingerprick/capillary sampling as common types. Venipuncture, which involves collecting blood from veins, is highlighted as the easiest method. Key equipment for venipuncture includes vacutainers, indwelling catheters, butterfly needles, and syringes. The document outlines the venipuncture procedure using vacutainers and syringes, and notes potential complications like hematoma and infection.

1. BLOOD COLLECTION

2. Blood collection, or the collection of blood,
usually involves the removal of blood and it
comes in many different forms. It's also a
common term in blood sampling for laboratory
analysis.

3. Types of blood collection
•Arterial Sampling
•Venipuncture Sampling
•Fingerprik Sampling/capillary
sampling/Skin puncture

4. Types of blood collected
 Arterial blood: blood flowing through arteries.
 Venous blood: blood flowing through veins.
 Capillary blood: combination of arterial and
venous blood.

5. Equipments used for blood collection

18. Venipuncture method

19. o Collection from veins
o Easy method comparing to arterial puncture
o sample collected using: vacutainers, indwelling
catheters, butterfly winged, syringe.
o Site: medial cubital vein, cephalic, basilic, hand, wrist
ankle.

20.  Inappropriate site for veinpuncture:
 Edematous area
 Scarred, burns, sugery
 blood transfused area of arm
 sites above iv cannula
 fistulas and grafts
 Blood clot

21. Venipuncture: by vacutainer / evacuated
tube

23. Advantages:
 it is collected with a minimal pressure hence avoid
hemolysis,and collapse of veins.

24. Precautions:
• equipment should be dry
• needle blood ejection shouble be avoided
• eject blood through sides of tube
• mix anticoagunalant in rotating manner
• avoid squeezing
• containers should be clean and dry
• excessive amount of aniticagulant must not be used
• avoid clotting of blood and. Do correct mixing.

25. Complications occurs due to:
•Patient misidentification
•Improper angle of insertion
•Improper vein selection

26. Complications:
 Hematoma
 collapse of vein
 infection
 expessive bleeding
 fainting of patient
 Allergy
 Thrombosis of vein

27. Venipuncture :by syringe
✩ 1. Place a sheathed needle on the syringe.
✩ 2. Remove the cap and turn the bevel up.
✩ 3. Pull the skin tight with your thumb or index finger just
below the puncture site.

28. ✩ 4. Holding the needle in line with the vein, use a quick, small
thrust to penetrate the skin and vein in one motion.
✩ 5. Draw the desired amount of blood by pulling back slowly
on the syringe stopper. Release the tourniquet.
✩ 6. Place a gauze pad over the puncture site and quickly

29. ✩ 7. Immediately apply pressure. Ask the patient to apply
pressure to the gauze for at least 2 minutes.
✩ 8. When bleeding stops, apply a fresh bandage, gauze or
tape.
✩ 9. Transfer blood drawn into the appropriate tubes as soon
as possible using a Blood Transfer Device.

30. ✩ 10. Gently invert tubes containing an additive 5-8 times.
✩ 11. Dispose of the syringe and needle as a unit into an
appropriate sharps container.

32. Venipuncture:by butterfly winged tube
• Used for persons with small, tiny, fragile veins.
• Therefore gauze size is available in very small size.
• Expensive method for blood collection.
• spl adapter is necessary for the attachment of the vaccum
collection syatem.

34. Procedure :
✩ Aseptically attach the syringe to the needle or butterfly setup,
making sure the plunger is pushed all the way in.
✩ Perform the venipuncture procedure
✩ Blood will appear in the hub of the needle if the position is correct.

36. Disadvantages:
✩ Because of small needle size blood collection is slower.
✩ Cannot be applicable in using in blood banks.

37. Advantages:
✩ Butterfly needles are ideal for people with small or spastic
(rolling) veins and can even be inserted into the tiny veins
of the hand, foot, heel.
✩ Butterfly needles are ideal for people who are hesitant
about needles because they are less threatening.

38. Indwelling catheters:
o Used for both arterial and veni puncture.
o They are surgically inserted.
o Arterial cathetersa are palced mainly in radial artery.
o Venus catherters are placed mainly in cephalic vein.
o Advantages:
o Admisistration of of drugs, bood products, providing
parential nutition.

39. Arterial puncture method

40. • More difficult to perform.
• Due to increased pressure, bleeding stopping is difficult.
• This method is mainly used to measure O2,Co2 and PH.
• They are mainly done at brachial, femoral, radial arteries.

41. Complications:
• Hemorrhage
• Hematoma.... these 2 occur mainly in brachial and femoral
artery than in radial artery.
• Fainting of patient

42. Skin puncture/Finger prik method

43.  Used to collect small amount of blood.
 Capillay blood mainy contains venous and arterial
blood.
 blood parasites, glucose estimation, blood smear prep,
rbc wbc reticulocyte count etc.
 Sites: finger tip, ear lobe. big tie and heel in infants.
 Capillary punctures require different devices than the
typical venipuncture equipment. They include lancets,
microcontainer tubes, microhematocrit tubes and

44. Precautions:
o Dont squeeze
o Assure alcohol is dried
o Dont apply lancet in scares. injured area

45. Procedure:

47. Skin puncture : by microtainer

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