There are 6 known types of hepatitis viruses: hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, and G. Hepatitis C is a flavivirus with a plus-strand RNA genome of 9.4 kb that is primarily transmitted through blood and can be sexually transmitted. It was difficult to propagate in vitro until reverse genetics was used to produce infectious clones. Hepatitis D requires hepatitis B coinfection and substantially contributes to hepatitis B pathogenesis. Treatment options for hepatitis viruses include immune modulators, interferon, nucleoside/nucleotide analogs, and therapeutic vaccines.

1. HEPATITIS VIRUS
SOUVIK MUKHERJEE
M.PHARM (PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY)
REGNO: 16mphyto01

2. • Six known
• Hepatitis type A virus (Picornaviridae)
• Hepatitis type B virus (Hepadnaviridae)
• Hepatitis type C virus (Flaviviridae)
• Hepatitis type D virus (viroid, unclassified)
• Hepatitis type E virus (unclassified)
• Hepatitis type G virus (Flaviviridae)
Properties of Hepatitis Viruses

3. HEPATITIS A VIRUS

4. HEPATITIS B VIRUS

5. HEPATITIS C VIRUS
• Hep C virus (a flavivirus)
• Plus-strand RNA, 9.4 kb
• Transmission primarily through blood products
• Sexual transmission can occur
• Could not be propagated in vitro until very recently
• Reverse genetics was used to produce infectious clones of Hep C
• Copy of vRNA genome into dsDNA
• Clone into a plasmid with appropriate promoter
• Express in cells to produce viral proteins (yeast) or infectious virus (mammalian
cells)
• Most acute infections are subclinical
• However, most will develop chronic hepatitis

6. OTHERS
• Hep D virus
• Minus-strand RNA, 1.7 kb
• Not a virus, but a viroid
• Requires Hep B coinfection
• Substantially contributes to Hep B pathogenesis
• Hep E virus
• Plus-strand RNA, 7.6 kb
• Oral-fecal transmission
• High fatality rate in pregnant women (20%)
• Hep G virus
• Plus-strand RNA, 10 kb
• Transmission through blood products
• No known disease

7. 1. First the virus attached to
a liver cell membrane.
2.The virus is then transported
into the liver cell
HOW THE VIRUS REPRODUCES ??

8. CONT….
3.The core particle then releases it’s contents of DNA and DNA polymerase
into the liver cell nucleus.
4. Once within the cell nucleus the hepatitis B DNA causes the liver cell to
produce, via messenger RNA; HBs protein, HBc protein, DNA polymerase,
the HBe protein, and other undetected protein and enzymes.

9. CONT…

10. CONT…

11. • Immune Modulators Nucleo(s)tide analog
• Interferon Lamivudine
• Thymosin Adefovir dipivoxil
• Therapeutic vaccines Emtricitabine
• Entecavir
• L-dT/ L-dC
• Clevudine
• Famciclovir
Therapeutic Agents