Antiviral drugs What is virus? Classification of anti viral drug Mechanism of action Pharmacokinetics Uses Adverse effect

1. ANTI VIRAL
DRUG
PRESENTED BY:-NIKITA PANDURANG PAWAR
ROLL NO:06
COLLEGE :-GANDHI NATHA RANGJI
COOLEGE OF PHARMACY,SOLAPUR

2. WHAT IS VIRUS ?
• An obligate intracellular
microorganism which
multiply in the nucleus or
cytoplasm of host cell and
metabolic machinery of host
cell is called virus
• The drug used against the
replication of virus in host
cell is known as antiviral
drugs
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3. CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIVIRAL DRUG

4. ANTI –
HERPES VIRUS DRUGS
• These are drugs active against the Herpes
groups of DNA viruses which include
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1),Herpes
simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), Varicella-zoster
virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV),&
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• USES
• Genital herpes simplex
• Mucocutaneous H. Simplex
• H. Simplex encephalitis
• Herpes zoster
• Chickenpox
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5. ANTI
INFLUENZA DRUG
• It inhibit viral replication by causing
interfering with the influenza A virus M2
protein ,an integral membrane protein
.Prevent the release of infectious
nucleic acid in host cells
• Example :- Amantadine
• USES :-
• Parkinson s disease
• Gastric ulcer
• pregnancy
Adverse effect :-
Nausea , anorexia, insomnia, dizziness, lack of mental
concentration ankle edema occur due to local
vasoconstriction

6. NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE
TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
• They work by interfering with enzyme
reverse transcriptase which HIV uses to
convert its RNA into DNA . This helps to
inhibit the virus ability to replicate
• Example :-zidovudine(AZT)
• It is a structural analogue of thymidine
,prodrug and must be phosphorylated
into active 5-triphosphate metabolite
zidovudine triphosphate

7. Pharmacokinetics
• It is well absorbed from the gut and distributed to most body tissues and fluids , including the
cerebrospinal fluid
• Plasma protein binding is approximately 35%
• Zidovudine is eliminated primarily by renal excretion following glucuronidation in the liver
Uses:-
• Zidovudine is one of the two optional NRTS use by NACO for first line triple drug ARV
regimen .
• Immune status is improved and opportunistic infections become less common .
• AZT also reduces neurological manifestation of AIDS and new Kaposi s lesions do not
appear
Adverse effects :-
• Anaemia and neutropenia –dose related
• Nausea , anorexia, abdominal pain , headache
• Insomnia and myalgia
• Myopathy , lactic acidosis, hepatomegaly
• Convulsions and encephalopathy

8. NON-NUCLEOSIDE
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
INHIBITORS (NNRTIs)
• The NNRTIs directly inhibit the HIV-1
reverse transcriptase by binding in
reversible and non –competitive
manner to the enzyme
• Example:-Tenofovir(TFV)

9. PROTEASE
INHIBITORS(PIs)
• The antiretroviral protease
inhibitors act by binding to
catalytic site of the HIV protease ,
thereby preventing the cleavage
of viral polyprotein precursor into
mature, functional proteins that
are necessary for viral replication

10. THANK YOU!