Presentation on hepatitis b

1.  Yaseen Serajul Islam -
1512344046
 Sayma Rahman-1511683646
 Sharha Shah -1510809046
 Ulfat Anjum-1510882646
 Maymuna Ali Nira-1512304646
 Eshat Fahmida Haque-
1511465046

2. Yaseen Serajul Islam -1512344046

3. Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. It is caused by the
hepatitis B virus (HBV) which is a blood-borne virus.
Most adults who get it have it for a short time and then
get better. This is called acute hepatitis B.
Sometimes the virus causes a long-term infection, called
chronic hepatitis B.
Over time, it can damage your liver. Babies and young
children infected with the virus are more likely to get chronic
hepatitis B.
FUN FACT - You can have hepatitis B and not know it. You may
not have symptoms. If you do, they can make you feel like you
have the flu. But as long as you have the virus, you can spread
it to others.
Basic introduction on Hepatitis B

4. Source of Hepatitis
Sayma Rahman-1511683646

5. Hepatitis A
(HAV)
• consuming food or
water infected
with the hepatitis
A virus
• traveling abroad
• anal-oral contact
during sex
• injecting drugs
Hepatitis B
(HBV)
• contact with
infected blood
• Semen and some
other body fluids
• sexually transmitted
disease (STD).
Hepatitis C
(HCV)
• percutaneous
infection
• spread through
injected narcotics
• needle-stick injuries
• lack of infection
control in
healthcare setting
Source of Hepatitis

6. Mechanism of Hepatitis
Sharha Shah -1510809046

7. Mechanism of Hepatitis
Among seven human hepatitis viruses (A to E, G and TT virus), hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV)
viruses are able to persist in the host for years and principally contribute to the establishment of chronic
hepatitis. During the course of persistent infection , continuous intrahepatic inflammation maintains a cycle
of liver cell destruction and regeneration that often terminates in in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While
the expression and retention of viral proteins in hepatocytes may influence the severity and progression of
liver disease, the mechanism of liver injury in viral hepatitis are defined to be due not to the direct
cytopathic effects of viruses but to the host immune response to viral proteins expressed by infected
hepatocytes . In the process of liver injury, hepatocellular death called apoptosis induced by the
proapoptotic molecules of T cells activated following antigen recognition triggers a cascade of antigen
nonspecific effector systems and causes necroinflammatory disease. Accordi ngly, the regulation of the
immune response, e.g., via the cell death pathways in chronically infected patients should prevent the
development of HCC.

10. Cause, Spread, Signs & symptoms
Ulfat Anjum-1510882646

11. Hepatitis may cause
Hepatitis B is an infection of liver. It can cause-
 Scarring of the organ,
 Liver failure,
 Cancer.
•Can be fatal if not treated.
How hepatitis B spread?
 Unprotected sex
 Sharing needles or syringes
 Tattoos or body piercing
 Contact with blood or an open sore etc.
Is not spread through coughing, sneezing,
Hugging.

12. Signs & symptoms of hepatitis B
 Fever
 Fatigue
 Loss of appetite
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Abdominal pain
 Dark urine
 Joint pain
 Jaundice
 Clay colored stool
 Hepatomegaly
•Symptoms begins an average of 3 months after exposure to HBV. Symptoms typically
last for several weeks but can persist for up to 6 months.

13. Eshat Fahmida Haque-1511465046

14. Preparation of the Vaccine…
The production of hepatitis B vaccine was done by use of hepatitis virus previously.
The vaccine was a live vaccine or attenuated vaccine.
Due to problem of virulence in immune compromised patient, hepatitis B subunit is used.
This vaccine is produced by using genetic engineering technology.

15. Preparation of the Vaccine…
Steps of the production of this vaccine:
1. Isolation of Whole genome of hepatitis-B virus.
2. Cloning of the genome with plasmid and its multiplication.
3. Release of sequence coding for HBs antigen.
4. Ligate with yeast expression vector
5. Transform in sachromycis and allow for vaccine formation.

16. Preparation of the Vaccine…

17. Dose for ProphylaxisGroup Dose Schedule
Infants born of:
HBsAg-negative mothers
HBsAg-positive mothers
0.5ml
o.5ml
0,1,6 months
Children:
Birth through 10 years of age
0.5ml 0,1,6 months
Adolescents:
11 through 19 years of age
0.5ml 0,1,6 months
Adults:
20 years of age and older
1ml 0,1,6 months
Adults on hemodialysis 2ml 0,1,2,6 months

18. Causes of Different
Types of hepatitis
Maymuna Ali Nira-1512304646

19. Hepatitis A
You usually get it when you eat or drink something that's got the virus in it. It's the least risky
type because it almost always gets better on its own. It doesn't lead to long-term inflammation of
your liver.
Even so, about 20% of people who get hepatitis A get sick enough that they need to go to the
hospital. There's a vaccine that can prevent it.

20. Hepatitis B
This type spreads in several ways. You can get it from sex with someone who's sick or by sharing
a needle when using street drugs. The virus also can pass from a mother to her newborn child at
birth or soon afterward.
Most adults with hepatitis B get better, but a small percentage can't shake the disease and become
carriers, which means they can spread it to others even when their own symptoms disappear.

21. Hepatitis C
You get this type if you have contact with contaminated blood or needles used to inject illegal
drugs or draw tattoos.
Sometimes you don't get any symptoms, or just mild ones. But in some cases hepatitis C leads
to cirrhosis, a risky scarring of your liver.

22. Hepatitis D
It happens only if you're already infected with hepatitis B. It tends to make that disease more
severe.
It's spread from mother to child and through sex.

23. Hepatitis E
It mainly spreads in Asia, Mexico, India, and Africa. The few cases that show up in the U.S. are
usually in people who return from a country where there are outbreaks of the disease.
Like hepatitis A, you usually get it by eating or drinking something that's been contaminated with
the virus.

24. Reference
 Hepatitis B Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine- Preventable Diseases The Pink Book: Course
Textbook - 12th Edition Second Printing (May 2012) Center Of Diseases Control.
 https://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/digestive-diseases-hepatitis-b#1
 https://www.slideshare.net/amritarastogi311/hepatitis-b-48051793
 https://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/digestive-diseases-hepatitis-b#4