1. Humans must stop viewing ourselves as the dominant species on Earth and recognize that we are just one part of a complex, ever-changing system.
2. Over millions of years, humans evolved abilities like tool-use, control of fire, and language that allowed our ancestors to thrive.
3. Where populations lived influenced how they evolved both biologically and culturally, as geography presented different challenges and opportunities for survival and cultural diffusion.
40. The predominantly east-west axis of the Old World made diffusion of food plants easy.
The predominantly north-south axis of the New World made it difficult.
新世界の南北⇅軸は食用植物を他から運び込み拡散するのが難しいが
旧世界の東西⇄軸はそれが圧倒的に簡単であった
41. Geography sets ground rules for the evolution,both
biological and cultural, of all species, including our own.
『我々を含めあらゆる種にとって地理的な要因が生物学的
そして文化的な進化の基本原則となる。』
42. Diseases are Another Factor
Where we live has contributed heavily to making us who we are.
『どこに我々が住んでるかという事実が我々が何者であるかということに多大なる影響を与える。
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48. Letters give you conveniences and STRESS
or Conflicts, too!? Agree?
49. With language
言語を用いて
we have to transfer ideas [that we understand with each other].
私たちはそれぞれが理解している アイディアを伝えますが
But with technology,
技術を用いれば
we can actually do things [that are
beyond our capabilities].
私たちは能力を超えることを成し遂げ得るのです BY Matt Ridley
59. but complex thing is
easily broken or damaged
Random⇨Order/Complex ⇨ More Complex
Very complex .
60. Ecological Pyramids
300 years ago Now(Very Fragile)
1.2-1.4 person per square kilometer →MAX 44 people per square kilometer →Far beyond!!!!
(People of !Kung still keep this ratio) (About 40 times!!!!)
丸山 茂徳: セミナー
Editor's Notes
極端な例でインパクト!長期記憶へ!
We humans had to cease viewing ourselves as the “lords of creation”. By Kenji Miyazawa
The extremely small endocranial volume (ECV)
Sociobiological features of tested non-human primates species.
On this graph, the social group size (x-axis) and ECV (y-axis) are shown for each species on a log-log scale. Note that reported species' group sizes exhibit substantial variability across ethological field studies. In this work, we have chosen to rely on the average group size from a series of more than a hundred published studies (ensuing standard deviations are depicted as horizontal bars on the graph). We refer the interested reader to S2 Text for more details. Overall, there is no significant statistical correlation between group size and ECV (r = -0.37, p = 0.41) across these species. The position of the human species is shown for comparison purposes. The graphical inset also shows the relationship between group size and ECV, this time across the 130 primate species reported in [91]. Species investigated in this work are depicted in red.
ECV : extremely small endocranial volume
Collective learning process by which a social system increases its ability and desire to serve both its members and its environment.
The global cattle inventory is estimated to be about 1 billion.
There are currently an estimated 677.6 million domesticated pigs globally
There could be as many as 9.2 million domesticated equines—including horses, burros, and mules
in 2018, there were 25.7 billion domesticated livestock birds in the world, of which chickens made up 23.7 billion.