23. 380,000 years after the Big Bang
That's twice as long as humans have been on this planet.
人類誕生後の期間の2倍に相当します
Simple atoms appear of hydrogen and helium.
そこで単純な原子が誕生します 水素とヘリウムです
72. 32 days (4 billion years ago) : Ancient Shark
35 days (2 billion y.a)~36days(1.5 billion y.a) : Ancient lizard
38 days (500 million y.a) : Baby Sloth with a huge front part of the brain
On Land? or Stay Water?
76. Ecological Pyramids
300 years ago Now(Very Fragile)
1.2-1.4 person per square kilometer →MAX 44 people per square kilometer →Far beyond!!!!
(People of !Kung still keep this ratio) (About 40 times!!!!)
丸山 茂徳: セミナー
エントロピー増大則:孤立系isolated system、及び断熱系において不可逆変化irreversibilityが生じた場合、その系のエントロピーは増大する。
The second law of thermodynamics says that the entropy of any isolated system always increases. Isolated systems spontaneously evolve towards thermal equilibrium—the state of maximum entropy of the system. More simply put: the entropy of the universe (the ultimate isolated system) only increases and never decreases. 重要➡️部屋片付け➡️外はエントロピー増大➡️平衡‼️
エントロピー増大則:孤立系isolated system、及び断熱系において不可逆変化irreversibilityが生じた場合、その系のエントロピーは増大する。
The second law of thermodynamics says that the entropy of any isolated system always increases. Isolated systems spontaneously evolve towards thermal equilibrium—the state of maximum entropy of the system. More simply put: the entropy of the universe (the ultimate isolated system) only increases and never decreases. 重要➡️部屋片付け➡️外はエントロピー増大➡️平衡‼️
1032溝(こう)英語ではない TEDでは gazillion. : an extremely large number
A supernova is the biggest explosion that humans have ever seen. Each blast is the extremely bright, super-powerful explosion of a star.
One is a type of supernova explosion initiated by the collapse of the central cores of massive stars (stars with greater than 10 times the mass of the Sun), which eventually form neutron stars at the center. But recent theoretical studies have shown that matter ejected from neutron stars does not contain enough neutrons to synthesize r-process elements.
The other candidate is neutron star mergers. As binary neutron stars circle around each other, they lose energy through gravitational waves and slowly fall towards one another, taking at least 10 million years to finally collide and merge into a single object. Results of recent numerical simulations have shown that this merger event ejects a large amount of r-process elements. For example, one merger event ejects an amount of gold equal to 70 times the entire mass of the Earth. Actually, a short duration gamma-ray burst (GRB 130603B) detected in 2013 is thought to be the result of such a neutron star merger. Observations in visible and near infrared light confirmed that r-process element ejection was associated with this event.
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(2014)
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(2014)
The periodic table of the elements. This is a simplified view of all the elements that we know exist in the Universe today, along with where they come from.
The lightest elements (Hydrogen and Helium) are formed from the big bang,
while everything up to Iron[26Fe] is synthesised in the cores of stars
and then ejected when they explode.
Heavier elements are created in the remnants of supernovae, and in the merger of two neutron stars.
In practice for the very heavy elements, many of them are produced in more than one way.
Internal symbiosis eventually evolved into a single lineage called Endosymbiosis.
Virus cannot belong to any ?? 600mya muticelluar
We humans had to cease viewing ourselves as the “lords of creation”. By Kenji Miyazawa
cell membrane
PHOS‧pho‧rus リン( 記 P )
The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins. 3 個 1 組の塩基配列をコドンと呼ぶ。
アデニン(A)、チミン(T)、グアニン(G)、シトシン(C)
遺伝子突然変異 A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene.