This is a power point i did in 2010 in Gateway. It is about zoonotic diseases that animals can get. I chose to do this as i wanted to be a vet or vet nurse
Nematodes are invertebrate roundworms that inhabit marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. They comprise the phylum Nematoda (or Nemata) which includes parasites of plants and of animals, including humans, as well as species that feed on bacteria, fungi, algae, and on other nematodes. Four out of every five multicellular animals on the planet are nematodes (Platt, 1994). Cobb (1914) calculated that if the nematodes resident in a single acre of soil near San Antonio, Texas, USA, were to proceed in head-to-tail procession to Washington D.C., some 2000 miles away, the first nematode would reach Washington before the rear of the procession left San Antonio!
Ghost Worms in the Sky
Lyrics: Kathy Merrifield
Vocals: Pointless Sisters
The majority of nematodes are microscopic, averaging less than a millimeter in length, but some of the animal parasites are quite large and readily visible to the naked eye. The animal and plant parasites are of direct importance in agriculture, the environment, and in human health; however, most nematodes in the environment are not parasites. Nematodes that feed on other organisms are important participants in the cycling of minerals and nutrients in the ecosystem that is fundamental to other biological activity. Some of these nematodes may have major roles in decomposition, including biodegradation of toxic compounds. In fact, the incidence of certain nematode species is sometimes used as an indicator of environmental quality. Insect-parasitic nematodes can be of importance in regulating insect populations, and are being used in the biological control of insect pests.
The developmental biology of one nematode species, Caenorhabditis elegans, is better characterized than that of any other multicellular organism. C. elegans is studied as a model system in molecular and developmental biology, and is providing insights into many other areas of biology and medicine.
A parasitic disease, also known as parasitosis, is an infectious disease caused or transmitted by a parasite. Many parasites do not cause diseases. Parasitic diseases can affect practically all living organisms, including plants and mammals. The study of parasitic diseases is called parasitology.
Communicable diseases are illnesses that spread from one person to another or from an animal to a person, or from a surface or a food. Diseases can be transmitted during air travel through: direct contact with a sick person. respiratory droplet spread from a sick person sneezing or coughing.
Important Zoonotic disease and its prevention and control By: Dr.Manoj karkimanojj123
Zoonosis are those disease and infection which are naturally transmitted between animals and human. (WHO & FAO, 1959).
Zoonosis word derived from Greek word “ZOO” means Animals and “NOSES” means Disease.
One Health is not a new concept, but it has become more important in recent years because many factors have changed the interaction among human, animals and the environment. These changes have caused the emergence and re-emergence of many disease.
2. Ring Worm Cause = Fungi , Microsporum and Trichophyton Disease in Animals = Asymptomatic. When clinical signs are shown they are usually lesions on head and neck . Cows lesions are usually thick and crusty. In cats there is a mild formation and broken hairs. Young animals are most susceptible. Disease in Humans = Usually occurs in children on exposed areas (hands, neck, lower arms and face). It consists of small circular areas of reddened, inflamed skin with broken grayish hairs . The main symptom is itching . Treatment = Fungicidal cream and/or oral medication . Infected animals should be isolated . Disinfection of the environment where the infected animal was ( vacuuming of furniture, floors and curtains, mopping of floors with 1:10 diluted bleach or 0.6% chloramine ). Prevention = Good personal hygiene.
3. Hydatids Cause = Larval stage of tapeworm , Echinococcus granulosus Disease in Animals = Adult tapeworms live in intestine of dogs but few ill-effects. Cysts in sheep have the same effect as in humans but sheep have shorter life span. Disease in Humans = The symptoms depend on the site of the cyst and the result of pressure on adjacent organs . 70% of patients have cysts on the liver . Rupture of cysts often result in severe and fatal anaphylactic shock . If the patients survive, several secondary cysts will spread through the body. Treatment = In humans the cysts are surgically removed , although chemotherapy will make the cysts smaller. Infected dogs can be treated with praziquantal or worm tablets ( Canex , Droncit , Drontal and Paratak ). Prevention = Education to owners about the life cycle and risks. Dogs should only be fed offal if it has been cooked for 30 minutes. Dispose of carcasses appropriately Diagnosis = Ultrasound , x-ray or CAT scan
4. Toxoplasmosis Cause = Protozoal parasite , Toxoplasma gondii Disease in Animals = Diarrhoea in kittens although most kittens are asymptomatic . Infection during pregnancy results in abortion s. This is the leading cause of abortion in sheep . Disease in Humans = infected by either ingestion of oocysts from kitten faeces or from contact with infected sheep or sheep meat . Healthy adults are usually asymptomatic . Sporadic rupture of a cyst results in hypersensitive reaction with the death of the parasite allowing the lesion to heal. Sometimes there are mild symptoms like swollen lymph glands , sore throat , muscle pain and sometimes a low grade fever . Congenital infection . Treatment = Vaccine for sheep ( Toxovax ). Drugs for humans. Prevention = Personal hygiene and covering play areas. Diagnosis = Characteristic lesions on the placenta .
5. Visceral Larval Migrans Cause = Migration of the larvae of common roundworms , Toxocara canis . Disease in Animals = Puppies become anorexic , colicky , get bowel obstruction and diarrhoea . They usually appear pot bellied . Disease in Humans = Children may have a fever , loss of appetite , cough , asthma , abdominal and muscular discomfort and neurological disturbances . If the larval enters the eye it can cause blindness . Treatment = Usually a benign self-limiting disease . Corticosteroid therapy for patients with life threatening respiratory problems . Prevention = Educating people on life cycle. Wash hands after playing with puppies. Regularly removal of faeces . Puppies treated with anthelmintics . Diagnosis = In older dogs you look for eggs in their faeces . Immunological tests otherwise ( biopsy ).
6. Leptospirosis Cause = 1 non pathogenic and 7 pathogenic species. Most common reported zoonotic disease. Disease in Animals = Cattle and pigs . Rise in temperature , anorexia , haemoglobiniuria , anemia , sometimes death . Often abortions . Colonization of the kidney tubules , which can be present in urine. Disease in Humans = Usually transmitted by contact to infected urine or kidneys . Flu like symptoms , chills , high fever , headaches , eye sensitivity , severe back and leg pain .Severe cases ( Weils Disease ) have jaundice , hemorrhagic tendencies and kidney involvement . Acute illness lasts 3-10 days with a mortality up to10% . Treatment = Pain relief , Rehydration , Antibiotic therapy , Penicillin , Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol . Prevention = Avoid contact with animal urine . Use protective clothing . Vaccination of host (animal?). Diagnosis = Usually by blood smear or blood culture .