The document discusses the Zika virus, including its structure, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and association with microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. It notes that Zika is spread primarily through mosquito bites but can also be sexually transmitted. While most infections cause mild or no symptoms, Zika infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly in babies. There is also evidence it may be linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Public health authorities are working to investigate and control the outbreak in Brazil and its potential links to birth defects and neurological issues.

1. Dr.T.V.Narayan Rao M.D.
E.S.I.Hospital; Andhra Hospitals
drtvnrao@yahoo.com

2. Zika Virus claims it’s first victim in India

3. Tata Motors changes it’s new hatchback’s name
(zika to zica)

10. •Flavivirus family
•The genome is a ~10.8 kilobase,
positive strand RNA enclosed in a
capsid and surrounded by a
membrane
•The envelope (E) glycoprotein
allows attachment of the virus
particle to the host cell receptor
to initiate infection

11.  About 1 in 5 people infected with Zika virus become ill
 The most common symptoms of Zika are fever, rash, joint pain,
or conjunctivitis. Others are myalgia and head ache
 The incubation period is likely to be a few days to a week.
 The illness is usually mild with symptoms lasting for several days
to a week.
 People usually don’t get sick enough to go to the hospital, and
they very rarely die of Zika.
 Zika virus usually remains in the blood of an infected person for
about a week but it can be found longer in some people.

12.  RT – PCR during 1st week
 Virus-specific IgM and neutralizing antibodies
toward the end of the first week of illness
 Cross-reaction with related flaviviruses (e.g.,
dengue and yellow fever viruses) is common and
may be difficult to discern
 There are no commercially available diagnostic
tests

13.  No specific treatment
 generally supportive and can include rest,
fluids, and use of analgesics and antipyretics.
 Aspirin and other NSAIDs should be avoided
until dengue can be ruled out to reduce the
risk of hemorrhage.

14. Dr Margaret Chan, DG WHO declared, on Feb 1, 2016, that
recently reported clusters of microcephaly and other neurological
disorders are a Public Health Emergency of International Concern
(PHEIC)

15.  Constitute a health risk to other countries
through international spread
 Potentially require a coordinated response
because it is unexpected, serious, or unusual
 Have implications beyond the affected
country that could require immediate action

16. Zika - Microcephaly
Zika - Microcephaly

19.  Before 2015, the annual numbers of reported cases of
microcephaly in Brazil were consistently below 200.
 Between mid-2015 and Jan 30, 2016, 4783 suspected cases
of microcephaly were reported, including newborn and fetal
losses.
 404 (1103) were classified as confirmed cases of microcephaly
 Among the confirmed cases, brain abnormalities were detected by
imaging in 387 babies and Zika virus was detected in 17 babies,
including in two fetal losses.

21. Zika - Guillain-Barré syndrome

22.  Health authorities in Brazil have reported an
unusual increase in Guillain-Barré syndrome.
 The US CDC is currently working with public
health officials in the country to investigate
whether there is any link between Zika
infection and the rare neurological disorder

23.  There is evidence that the Zika virus can be
sexually transmitted by a man to his sex partners.
 In the two cases of likely sexual transmission, both
men had symptoms.
 In one case, transmission occurred a few days
before the man developed symptoms.
 The virus is present in semen longer than in blood.

24. Brian Foy ,Colorado State University in Fort Collins
vector biologist (in senegal)

25. http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2011/04/sex-after-
field-trip-yields-scientific-first
"My wife wasn't happy with what happened afterwards,"

26. Alternate theories

30. Pyroproxyfen, chemical larvicide producing malformations in mosquitoes,
has been applied for 18 months in the area where most sick persons live

31. Dengue, yellow fever, west nile fever, chikungunya
eastern equine encephalitis, zika

34. "We hope to announce the arrival of Zikavac to
the world as early as possible"

35.  http://www.cdc.gov/zika/
 http://www.nejm.org/page/zika-
virus?query=TOC
 http://www.thelancet.com/campaigns/zika
 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/
zika/en/

36. Dr. Angela Rocha,
pediatric infectologist
Thank you
drtvnrao@yahoo.com