Zika Virus and the Eye
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Zika virus infection in infants can cause ocular abnormalities. This case series examined the eyes of 29 Brazilian infants with microcephaly presumed to be caused by congenital Zika virus infection. Ocular examinations found abnormalities in 17 eyes of 10 infants, most commonly chorioretinal lesions near the macula or optic disc. Examples of lesions included pigmentary mottling, atrophic scars, and enlarged cup-to-disc ratios. The retinal findings were similar to those seen in other congenital viral infections like West Nile virus. Further research is needed to confirm Zika virus as the cause using serological testing, and ophthalmologists should be aware of the potential for ocular involvement in congenital
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The document provides guidelines for prescribing spectacles for pediatric patients, outlining the normal ranges of refractive error at different ages and recommendations for when to prescribe based on the type and amount of refractive error. It discusses factors like emmetropization and amblyopia risk that are important to consider for pediatric patients. The guidelines aim to help clinicians properly manage refractive errors in children to support optimal visual development.
myopia.pdf
Myopia, commonly known as nearsightedness, refers to a spectrum of eye disorders where the far point of vision is closer to the retina than infinity. It can be caused by a number of factors and is usually benign, though it increases the risk of serious retinal pathology. The prevalence of myopia varies greatly between populations, from around 25% in Western countries to over 75% in some Asian countries. Myopia is classified into physiological, intermediate, and pathological types based on clinical findings and prognosis. Physiological myopia is usually mild and stable, while pathological myopia often results in blindness from macular degeneration or retinal detachment.
Myopia control
This document discusses myopia control strategies. It summarizes research showing that increased time spent outdoors is protective against myopia while near work promotes progression. Optical interventions like atropine drops, multifocal lenses, and orthokeratology have been shown to slow axial elongation by up to 50%, but have side effects. The ATOM studies found that low-dose atropine 0.01% effectively reduced myopia progression with minimal side effects and rebound. Controlling environmental factors and further developing interventions may help manage the growing public health challenge of myopia.
Prevalence of amblyopia_and_refractive_errors_in.19
This study examined the prevalence of refractive errors and amblyopia in 591 unscreened children aged 2 months to 12 years in a rural town in Poland. Refractive errors were common, ranging from 84.2% in children under 2 years old to 75.5% in children aged 10 to 12 years old. The prevalence of myopia increased with age from 2.2% at ages 6-7 years to 6.3% at ages 10-12 years. Amblyopia was found in 3.1% of children and was caused by refractive error in 69% of cases. The prevalence of amblyopia was three times higher than in screened populations. Refractive errors were often undiagnosed, with
International Journal of Ophthalmology & Vision Research
International Journal of Ophthalmology & Vision ResearchSciRes Literature LLC. | Open Access Journals
Purpose: We report a rare case of a 2 - year-old child with ectopia lentis and potential Marfan syndrome (MFS) and discuss her management.
Methods: A 2 - year - old female with no signifi cant past medical history was brought in by her mother after complaints that the child has recently been holding everything close to her eyes while simultaneously shifting her head down. Her mother reported no history of pain or trauma. The child’s family history was negative for ectopia lentis or MFS.SH- PediEyeEars.pptx
This document discusses nursing care of children with eye and ear disorders. It begins by outlining the key topics that will be covered, including variations in pediatric eye and ear anatomy, common disorders, diagnostic tests, treatments, and nursing care considerations. Specific eye and ear disorders discussed in detail include conjunctivitis, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, periorbital cellulitis, visual impairments, and strabismus. Nursing care focuses on administering medications accurately, teaching parents to care for the child at home, and helping reduce risks of complications.
An Overview on Retinopathy of Prematurity or ROP
After earning his medical degree at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Alan B. Richards, M.D., has been working as a pediatric ophthalmologist at Highland Clinic in Shreveport for the past 40 years. Alan B. Richards, M.D., focuses on the treatment of eye disorders in children such as strabismus, amblyopia, ptosis, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, ocular and orbital tumors, and retinopathy of prematurity.
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Cristhiane Olivia Ferreira do Amaral*1, Davi de Alencar Gonçalves2, Luís Augusto Rossi Nery2,
Vinicius Carvalho Rodrigues2, Mariana Olívia Ferreira do Amaral3, Eliane Cristina Gava Pizi4
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hipsarritmia e prejuízo cognitivo. A etiologia está ligada a distúrbios cerebrais orgânicos
cujas origens podem ser pré-natais, pós-natais ou perinatais. O objetivo deste estudo é ajudar
identificar alterações sistêmicas, considerações médicas, aspectos estomatológicos e, adicionalmente, relatar
dois casos de pacientes com síndrome de West. Relato de Caso: Os aspectos estomatológicos encontrados em
ambos os pacientes eram o desgaste geral dos dentes, devido ao apertamento dentário e bruxismo, gengival
crescimento, sequência e cronologia das erupções dentárias alteradas, palato profundo e atresia, apresentados
falta de fechamento labial, lábios superiores e inferiores, bochechas e língua com tônus muscular flácido e
má oclusão. Em um paciente, múltiplas lesões de cárie também foram observadas, possivelmente associadas a
o comportamento da família, a alimentação, a higiene bucal e o uso contínuo de medicamentos, com a
presença de biofilme espesso, lesões de cárie estacionárias mostrando uso cariostático, o que impediu
abordagem odontológica colaborativa. Conclusão: A abordagem para atendimento e tratamento odontológico são
discutido. Pacientes com Síndrome de West têm uma grande diversidade de aspectos físicos gerais e orais
características, dificuldade na higiene oral devido ao atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Isto é
importante prestar cuidados precoces, para que não necessitem de tratamentos complexos e invasivos devido a
comprometimento sistêmico e cognitivo. A abordagem abrangente e o tratamento devem ser realizados
por uma equipe multidisciplinar.
Iol under2 cohort study
This study investigated outcomes of cataract surgery with and without intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in children under 2 years old. It found that while IOLs were associated with better early vision for bilateral cataracts, they did not provide benefits for unilateral cataracts and increased risks of reoperations and complications. Younger age increased odds of both better vision and glaucoma. The study provides evidence that IOL use should be reconsidered for unilateral congenital cataracts in young children.
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Zika Virus and the Eye
- 1. Zika Virus Infection & the Eye
- 2. Zika Virus Infection & the Eye
- 3. Ocular findings in infants with microcephaly associated with presumed Zika Virus congenital infection Salvador, Brazil Bruno de Paula Freitas, MD; João Rafael de Oliveira Dias, MD; Juliana Prazeres, MD; Gielson Almeida Sacramento, BS; Albert Icksang Ko, MD; Maurício Maia, MD, PhD; Rubens Belfort Jr, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Salvador, Brazil Vision Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut JAMA Ophthalmol. Published online February 09, 2016
- 8. Design Case Series at Tertiary Hospital 29 infants with microcephaly and presumed congenital Zika 2015: 1st Dec - 25 th Dec Interventions Wide field digital imaging DDx of infections ruled out through serological and clinical examinations Design and Interventions
- 9. 23/29 mothers suspected Zika during pregnancy. Trimester: 18 = 1st; 4 = 2nd; 1 = 3rd. 58 eyes of 29 children 17 eyes of 10 children = Ocular Abnormalities 7/10 = Bilateral Results
- 10. Examples
- 11. 2 month old infant RE: granular, pigmentary mottling in the macular. LE: Chorioretinal lobulated atrophic lesion and slight pigmentary mottling
- 12. 1 month old infant RE & LE: paramacular supertemporal round chorioretinal atrophy surrounded by a hyper pigmented halo and hyper pigmented mottling
- 13. I month old infant RE: enlarged cup-disc ratio and macular pigmentary mottling LE: roundish macular chorioretinal atrophic lesion with a hyper pigmented halo and pigmentary mottling, as well as an enlarged cup-disc ration
- 14. 1 month old infant RE & LE: supertemporal perimacular chorioretinal scar with perilesional pigmentary mottling
- 15. 20 day old infant RE: optic disc hypoplasia, peripapillary nasal atrophy and excavated nasal round lesion with a hyper hyper pigmented halo, with a colobomatous-like aspect LE: optic disc hypoplasia, peripapillary nasal atrophy, and a retinal nasal lesion with a similar pattern
- 16. Findings in infants with microcephaly & presumed Zika Virus congenital infection
- 17. Discussion Major health problem Retinal lesions Posterior pole Optic disc Screen infected mothers without microcephalic infants?
- 18. Limitations 1 hospital General findings Lack of prior research ‘Presumed Zika’
- 19. Conclusions Retinal lesions similar to West Nile virus Need serological tests to confirm findings Micro = routine exam Ophthalmologists should be aware…