The document discusses several endangered species found in Pakistan. It begins by defining endangered species and categorizing them into critically endangered, threatened/endangered, and rare/vulnerable species. It then provides details on 9 different endangered species found in Pakistan, including their scientific classification, short description, habitat, causes of decline, and conservation status. The species discussed are the Markhor goat, Siberian Ibex, cranes, red-headed vulture, Himalayan musk deer, hog deer, snow leopard, and white-headed duck.

2. DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
THE UNIVERSITY OF HARIPUR
DISCIPLINE ZOOLOGY
SUBJECT Wildlifeand Zoogeography
PRESENTED TO Mam BUSHRA( M.Phil )

3. Group #13
Group Members:
💫ZAHEER KHAN 💫ZAIN UL ABDIN
💫SAGHEER AHMAD

4. Presentation Topic:
ENDANGERED SPECIES OF PAKISTAN
PREPARED BY
Zaheer khan 7th Zoology
(UOH)

5. Presenter #01
ZAHEER KHAN

6. Endangered (EN) Species:
Definition:
“Plants and animal species which are in danger of
extinction are called Endangered (EN) species.”
OR
“An Endangered (EN) species is a species which has
been categorized by the International Union for Conservation
of Nature (IUCN) Red Listas likely to becomeextinct.”

7. The Endangered species have been classified
into three categories;
⚫Critically Endangered Species
⚫Threatened or Endangered Species
⚫RareorVulnerable Species

8.  Critically Endangered (CR) Species:
A critically endangered (CR) species is one which
has been categorized by the International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as facing a very high
risk of extinction in thewild.
It is the highest risk category assigned by the IUCN
Red List forwild species.

9.  Threatened or Endangered Species:
Threatened - any species that is likely to
an endangered species within the foreseeable
become
future
throughoutall ora significant portionof its range;
Endangered - any species that is in danger of extinction
throughoutall ora significant portionof its range.

10.  Rare or Vulnerable Species:
A vulnerable species is one which has been categorized by the
International Union for Conservation of Nature as likely to
become endangered unless the circumstances threatening its
survival and reproduction improve.
Vulnerability is mainly caused by habitat loss ordestruction.

11. 15ENDANGEREDSPECIES OF
PAKISTAN

12. 1.MARKHOR:
Scientific Classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Specie
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Capra
C. falconeri
Binomial Name : Capra falconeri

13. Markhor is the national animal of Pakistan.
Markhor is the largest species of the goat family.
HABITAT:
⚫It is found in the rugged mountains of central Asia, from southern
Russia to the sparse woodland of the west Himalayas.
⚫The markhor is largely found in the northern areas of Pakistan
especially in Chitral, Ghizarand Hunza regions.

14. SHORT DESCRIPTION:
 Markhor stand 65 - 115 centimeters (26 - 45 in) at the shoulder, 132
- 186 centimeters (52 - 73 in) in length and weigh from 32 - 110
kilograms (71 - 243 lbs.).
 They have the highest maximum shoulder height among the species
in the genus capra, but is surpassed in length and weight by
the Siberian ibex.
 The coat is of a grizzled, light brown to black color, and is smooth
and short in summer, while growing longer and thicker in winter.

15. CAUSES OF EXTINCTION:
 Population declines due to habitat loss, trophy hunting and competition
for resources with domestic grazers had pushed the markhor to the brink
of extinction by the early 1990s, when it was estimated that the Kargah
region of Gilgit-Baltistan housed no more than 40-50 of the animals.
 The species was declared endangered by the international union for
conservation of nature (IUCN) in 1994 and at one point, its global
distribution had shrunk to a mere five countries, which altogether housed
less than 2,500 individuals in isolated pockets of the region’s steep
mountain ranges.

16.  For a time, it seemed as though the markhor might become another
tragic extinction story. Fortunately for the markhor, its cause was taken
up by the wildlife conservation society (WCS), which implemented a
last-ditch conservation program led by program manager Mayoor Khan.
This program, which began in 1997, involved great efforts to
involve the local community in the quest to save their
national icon.

17.  The markhor is classed as an endangered species by the IUCN, meaning it is
in danger of facing extinction in the near future if conservation efforts are
not maintained. Numbers between 2,000 and 4,000 exist in the wild.
 Conservation policies can be exceptionally difficult to implement in war-
torn regions of the world such as the markhor’s native Pakistan.
For more details visit:
http://www.ecology.com/2012/07/24/community-conservation-efforts-revive-pakistans-markhor/
CONSERVATION STATUS:

18. 2. CRANE:
Scientific Classification
Kingdom :
Phylum :
Class :
Order :
Family :
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Gruiformes
Gruidae
Binomial Name : Gruidae

19. SHORT DESCRIPTION:
 The cranes are large to very large birds, including the world's tallest flying
bird.
 They range in size from the demoiselle crane, which measures 90 cm (35 in)
in length, to the sarus crane, which can be up to 176 cm (69 in).
 They are long-legged and long-necked birds with streamlined bodies and
large rounded wings. The males and females do not vary in external
appearance, but on average males tend to be slightly larger than females.

20. CAUSES OF EXTINCTION:
 They were historically widespread all over South Asia and also Pakistan.
 But now declining due to loss of habitat, shooting and hunting, the main
reasons for the crane’s decline.
CONSERVATION STATUS:
 Crane Conservation Center and Wildlife Park, Lakki Marwat is a conservation center
for the captive breeding of various types of wild birds and animal species.
 It is located west of Kurram River in Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, 250
kilometres (155 mi) south of Peshawar. It was established in 2007.
More details at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Crane_Center,_Lakki_Marwat

21. 3. SIBERIAN IBEX:
Scientific Classification
Kingdom :
Phylum :
Class :
Order :
Family :
Genus :
Specie :
Binomial Name :
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Capra
C. sibirica
Capra sibirica

22. HABITAT:
 Siberian ibexes live mostly above the tree line, in areas of steep slopes and rocky scree.
 Most Siberian ibexes are seen in central and northern Asia, Afghanistan, western and
northern China (Primarily Xinjiang), north-western India, south-eastern Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, eastern Uzbekistan, Mongolia, northern Pakistan, and south-
central Russia.
CAUSES OF EXTINCTION:
The reasons behind the extinction of this species are largely unknown, although a number
of hypotheses have been suggested including the inability to compete well with other
species like livestock and chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) for food,infections and
diseases caught from domestic livestock, poaching, infertility and inbreeding
problems,and climatic conditions.

23. Most wild goat species are doing well, but two are facing extinction
according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature because
its numbers are decreasing; it is estimated that there are fewer than 10,000
mature individuals.
For more details visit:
http://www.livescience.com/28102-ibex.html
CONSERVATION STATUS:

24. THREATENED SPECIES
⚫25% Mammals species are classified as threatened
⚫11% Birds species.
⚫20% Reptiles species.
⚫26% Amphibia species.
⚫34% Fishes species.
Among invertebrates
500 Insects, 400 crustaceans, and 900 mollusks are threatened.

25. Characteristics of Endangered Species:
1.Island Species:
⚫Thosespecies which lives on island arecalled island species.
⚫Island constitute about 7% of earth surface.
⚫Over half of endangered species belong to island species.
Reasons:
⚫Lose contact with other population of theirown kind.
⚫Geneticvariation is small becauseof lose contact and less adaptable toenvironment
changes.
⚫Have less population so can not be replaced by immigration if theyaredestroyed.
⚫Have no defensesagainst predators and competitors because theyevolved in
isolation form.

26. 2. Species With Limited Habitat:
Those species which are specialized in their requirements due to which they are adapted to limited
habitat e.g. chalochortus tibronenus is so specialized that it occur in hilltop near san Francisco. These
plants were discovered in 1970 and the population is so small that it is automatically endangered if the
requirement does not exist more. While unspecialized species may exist for million of years e.g.
cockroaches, because they eat almost every thing.
3.SpeciesWith Low Reproductive Rate:
Many largespecies haveavery low reproductiverates because the mortality ratesof theiroffspring
was lowe.g. elephants givesoneoffspring in 40 to 50 years.
4.SpeciesThat Are Economically Important:
⚫ Such as, Alligator, snake fortheirhides.
⚫ Tigersand bears fortheirfur.
⚫ Elephantand rhinos fortheirtusks.
⚫ Ostrichesand cranes fortheirfeathersand sales as pets.

27. CAUSES OF ENDANGERED SPECIES:
HUMANS POLLUTION HUNTING &
FISHING
EXOTIC SPECIES
Cut Down Trees Water Pollution People Hunt for Fun Animals Kills Each
Others
Built Homes Oil Spills People Hunt for Meat Animals Gives Each
Others Disease
Built Roads Throwing Trash on
the ground
People Hunt for
Fur

28. 4.RED HEADED VULTURE:
Scientific Classification
Kingdom :
Phylum :
Class :
Order :
Family :
Genus :
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Falconiformes
Accipitridae
Sarcogyps

29. ⚫They have red head due towhich called red headed vulture.
⚫Size medium and 2m wings span.
⚫Theyeats carrion, feeding on thecarcasses.
⚫Both head and legs are dark red and the neck is flanked by two broad
red folds of skin known as lappets.
⚫Black feathered body is characterized bywhite patches.
⚫Males and females are similarexcepteyecolor.
⚫Male eyes arewhiteand female eyes aredark.
SHORT DESCRIPTION:

30. RED HEADED VILTURE RANGE
⚫Formerlywidespread throughout thesubcontinent and south
east Asia.
⚫It become uncommon in Nepal and rare in Pakistan.
⚫Remains fairlycommon in thewest Himalayan foothills.
⚫It is absent in some areas of North eastern and Gujrat.
⚫It has undergone declines in both range and population.

31. STATUS:
⚫It shows that how great the risk of thatspecies to become extinct in the future.
⚫Red headed vulture is classified as Critically Endangered Specie in IUCN Red list.
THREATS:
The reduction is due to various factor which are;
▶ Fall in population of ungulates as a result of uncontrolled hunting, diseases and direct
persecution of birds.
▶ Development in waste disposals.
▶ The massive loss is due to veterinary drugs i.e. diclofenac which cause kidney failure on
vulture.

32. 6.HIMALAYAN MUSK DEER:
Scientific Classification
Kingdom :
Phylum :
Class :
Order :
Family :
Genus :
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetartio dactyla
Moschidae
Moschus

33. ⚫It isadapted for lifeat highaltitude.
⚫Has well developed large wide toes that provide increased stabilityon slop.
⚫Having dense coat of hairs which are filled bycell that insulate againstextreme
temperature.
⚫Body is stocky and forelimbs areshort and thin.
⚫Famous for thewaxy substances called musk that the maledeersecrete from agland
in theabdomen.
⚫Musk is used to mark territories and deter rival during breeding.
⚫Also used in perfume, soapand medicine.
⚫This species prefers to select the leaves of high protein and low fibercontent.
SHORT DESCRIPTION:

34. STATUS:
Classified as endangered specie on IUCN Red list.
THREATS:
The primary threats is hunting for musk & hunting
for its meat and fur.

35. 7.HOG DEER:
Scientific Classification
Kingdom :
Phylum :
Class :
Order :
Family :
Genus :
Specie :
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Cervidae
Hyelaphus
H. porcinus
Binomial Name: Hyelaphus porcinus

36. SHORT DESCRIPTION:
⚫Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is a keystone species, typically found at an
elevation of 3,000-4,000m.
⚫The species is often found in open coniferous forests and high altitude
pastures. However, given the rapid degradation of its habitat, the species
has an estimated global population of less than 2,500 mature breeding
males.
⚫Thereby, the snow leopard has been categorized as an endangered species
(IUCN Red list, US Endangered SpeciesAct, CITES).
See more at:
http://wwfpak.org/species/SnowLeopard.php#sthash.LYy9Qx9y.dpuf

37. HABITAT:
Habitat ranges from Pakistan, through northern India, to mainland
southeast Asia, which inhabits much of the Indo-Gangetic Plains of Pakistan,
northern India, Nepal, Bangladesh, southwestern Yunnan Province in China, all the way to
western Thailand. Introduced populations also exist in Australia the United States and Sri
Lanka.
CAUSES OF EXTINCTION:
The over the last 20 years or so, the increasingly rare hog deer is believed to have suffered a
decline of as much as 50 percent. This decline has been highest in the eastern parts of its range,
where it is suspected to have undergone at least a 90 percent decrease. The hog deer is now
one of the most threatened large mammals in Indochina, and is believed to be extinct in
Vietnam, Thailand, and most of Cambodia. Furthermore, it is believed extinct in china and most
of Bangladesh. In India and Nepal, outside of protected areas, few viable populations remain,
and severe hunting pressure exists

38. CONSERVATION STATUS:
A rare and vulnerable species, the hog deer is in drastic need of
critical conservation measures. Recognising this, every country
within the species’ range has afforded the hog deer full
protection from hunting.

39. 8.SNOW LEOPERD:
Scientific Classification
Kingdom :
Phylum :
Class :
Order :
Family :
Genus :
Specie :
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Panthera
P
. uncia
Binomial Name: Panthera uncia

40. SHORT DESCRIPTION:
⚫Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is a keystone species, typically found at an
elevationof 3,000-4,000m.
⚫The species is often found in open coniferous forests and high altitude
pastures. However, given the rapid degradation of its habitat, the species
has an estimated global population of less than 2,500 mature breeding
males.
⚫Thereby, the snow leopard has been categorized as an endangered species
(IUCN Red list, US Endangered Species Act, CITES).
See more at:
http://wwfpak.org/species/SnowLeopard.php#sthash.LYy9Qx9y.dpuf

41. HABITAT:
The snow leopard (Panthera uncia syn. Uncia uncia) is a large cat native to the
mountain ranges of Central and South Asia.
CAUSES OF EXTINCTION:
 Hunting for coat, bones (in medicine).
 The domestic animals far outnumber natural mainstay prey items including ibex
graze, wild goat, and sheep. When the prey is scarce, snow leopards find their way
towards domestic livestock which ultimately bring them into direct conflict with
native people.

42. CONSERVATION STATUS:
 Numerous agencies are working to conserve the snow leopard
and its threatened mountain ecosystems. These include
the Snow Leopard Trust, the Snow Leopard Conservancy, the
Snow Leopard Network, the Cat Specialist Group, and
the Panthera Corporation.

43. 9.WHITE HEADED DUCK:
Scientific Classification
Kingdom :
Phylum :
Class :
Order :
Family :
Genus :
Specie :
Binomial Name:
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Oxyura
O. leuococephala
Oxyura leuococephala

44. SHORT DESCRIPTION:
⚫Adult males have a grey and reddish body, a blue bill and a largely white
head with a black cap and neck.
⚫Adult females have a grey-brown body with a white face and a darker bill,
cap, and cheek stripe.
⚫Length is 43–48 cm (17–19 in) and weight is 580–750 g (1.28–1.65 lb).
HABITAT:
 It is more likely to swim away from a perceived threat than to fly.
 This duck is known from Spain, North Africa, western and central Asia.

45. CAUSES OF EXTINCTION:
Populations are declining, mostly due to loss of habitat and hunting, and
the international union for conservation of nature has rated the bird's
status as "endangered".
CONSERVATION STATUS:
 Ruddy duck populations are currently controlled in Spain, Portugal and
France. In the UK, where the spread of the ruddy duck is believed to have
originated, the Government conducted a control trial that proved it is
possible to eradicate the ruddy duck.
 Whereas in Pakistan no such steps have yet been seen.

46. 10.HIMALAYAN BROWN BEAR:
Scientific Classification
Kingdom :
Phylum :
Class :
Order :
Family :
Genus :
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Ursidae
Ursus

47. SHORT DESCRIPTION:
⚫The Himalayan brown bear is the subspecies of brown bear. It is found
in northern Pakistan.
⚫The male is 2.2m long while female is little small.
⚫It is usually radish brown in color.
HABITAT:
 The bear are found in Nepal, India and North Pakistan.
 There are already speculation to have become extinct from Bhutan.

48. CONSERVATION STATUS:
 International trade is prohibited by the Wildlife Protection Act in Pakistan.
 Hunting should be avoided.
 People should be educated.
 Food should be available.
CAUSES OF EXTINCTION:
 Their claws are used for ornamental purpose.
 Their internal organs are used in medicine.
 The number of bear are decreasing in Pakistan due to loss of habitat.
 Cutting of burnash trees is the cause of destruction to the brown bear.

51. ZAIN UL ABDIN
Presenter #02

53. 11.YELLOW EYED PIGEON:
Scientific Classification
Kingdom:
Phylum :
ClassN :
Order :
Family :
Genus :
Specie :
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Columbiformes
Columbidae
Columba
C. eversmani

54. SHORT DESCRIPTION:
⚫The yellow eyed pigeon is a member of the family columbidae it is found inAzad
Kashmir.
⚫The bird was first described by French ornithologist Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1856.
⚫The yellow eyed pigeon is a medium sized pigeon growing to a length of about 30 cm.
⚫Its weight, 183 to 234g and color is grey.
HABITAT:
The yellow eyed pigeon is distributed in southern Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,
Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. It is particularly attracted to
the area with mulberry trees.

55. CAUSES OF EXTINCTION:
 HUNTING
 STORMS
 HURRICANE
CONSERVATION STATUS:
International Birds Agency is working for its conservation in Pakistan.
According to IBA,
Hunting
Pollution
Destruction of habitat should be avoided.

56. 12. BIRSTLED GRASSBIRD:
Scientific Classification
Kingdom :
Phylum :
Class :
Order :
Family :
Genus :
Specie :
Binomial Name :
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Locustellidae
Chaetornis
C. striata
Chaetornis striata

57. SHORT DESCRIPTION:
⚫ The Bristled Grass bird is a small size bird, alsocalled Grass Warbler.
⚫ Formerlyconsidered to be sedentary.
⚫ The specie may be migratory, moving south and east in the Indian Peninsula during
winter and returning to their breeding ground in the northern planes south of the
Himalaya.
HABITAT:
The Bristled Grass birds are found in India, Pakistan and Nepal.

58. CONSERVATION STATUS:
 International trade is prohibited by the Wildlife Protection Act in Pakistan.
 Hunting should be avoided.
 People should be educated.
CAUSES OF EXTINCTION:
 Human activities are the main cause of its extinction.
 Storms are the causes.

59.  Is endemic to lower Indus river in Pakistan.
 The construction of dames and barrages has severely limited the dolphin
movement and habitat, as has increasing withdrawal of water foragricultureand
industrial use.
 Approximately 1,100 of theseanimal remainsan Pakistan.
 The WWF has devoted some of theirresources to help protect thisendangered
species.
13. INDUS RIVER DOLPHIN:

60.  Isa mediumsized brightly plumed pheasant
found along Himalayan.
 The species is highlyendangered and globally
threatened.
 Male isverydark with whitespots, while female
have pale brownish gray body.
 Fivespecies are known in Kaghanvalley,
Hamba, Kullu and area of west Sutlej.
 Found at 1750 to 3600 altitude in summer.
 It isconsidered is rarest of all living pheasant.
14. WESTERN TRAGOPAN:

61.  A marine mammal.
 At up to 32.9 m in length and 172 metric tons in weight, it is the largest animal
over to haveexisted.
 The IUCN red list courts the bluewhale is endangered.
 Whale population isdwindling becauseof whaling, accidental collision with
shapesand due toglobal warming.
15. BLUE WHALE:

62. CONSERVATION OF ENDANGEREDSPECIES OF PAKISTAN